El problema tratado en la investigación, se encuentra planteado en la pregunta ¿de qué forma se puede disminuir el incumplimento de la declaración fiscal de los médicos generadores de cuarta categoría; para evitar la evasión, mejorar el control e incrementar el recaudo? / The problem addressed in the investigation is posed in the question: how can the non-compilance of the tax declaration of the Generators of the Fourth Category be reduced? To avoid evasion, improve control and increase collection? / Trabajo de investigación

The author of the Fourth Gospel delivers the true divine identity and significance of Jesus throughout the entire narrative. He aims at guiding his readers through the narrative of the Gospel with the purpose that they will “see” (meet) Jesus, confess him as Christ, and receive eternal life. John actually planned that the text of the Gospel should actively change people. Furthermore, the Gospel of John has wide spectrum of the reader. This means that John opens his message to the all the generations who are no longer in a position to see Jesus physically. Nobody reading this text should or could stay the same, since he or she will be confronted with the protagonist of the text, namely Jesus. By accepting this message, that person will receive life; by rejecting the message, a person will perish. This truth is rehearsed over and again in the narrative for every reader to see. The text of the Gospel thus becomes the “presence of Jesus” among the readers. This functional purpose of the Gospel accounts for the first farewell discourse in John 13:31-14:31. In response to previous scholarship that understands the Johannine farewell discourses solely as a testament, the present study convinces that the discourses interface with classical literature, specifically the following literary styles: Greek tragedy, consolation literature, and the literary symposium tradition. The multiplicity of the generic associations of the discourses sheds new light on the nature of Jesus’ departure as well as his continuing presence in spite of that departure. No longer designed to evoke only the themes of departure and absence, the testament of Jesus in John emphasises instead Jesus’ abiding presence. While the material from Greek tragedy will only further emphasise the theme of departure, the material from classical consolation literature and the literary symposium tradition will accentuate the theme of continuing presence. John has thereby transcended the usual expectations of the testament. Thus the physically absent Jesus becomes present through his first farewell discourse: the reader is confronted with a dynamic portrait of Jesus and this confrontation results in an acceptance of Jesus as Christ, as well as the receiving of eternal life. According to the first farewell discourse, eschatological promise, knowing and seeing the Father, glory, love, pastoral ministry, deeds, prayer, Paraclete, remembering, faith, peace and joy, and the words of Jesus all serve as the replacement of the physical Jesus. Therefore, the first farewell discourse does not indicate the separation of Jesus from his disciples but rather the permanent presence of the risen Jesus in and among them. This is their basis for perseverance, in other words, the foundation of their spreading the gospel messages to non-believers, even though they were in a difficult place. the gospel of John, John 13:31-14-31, the purpose of John’s gospel, the presence of Jesus, the recipient of the Fourth Gospel, the farewell discourse(s), Biblical hermeneutics, glory, eschatological promise, the Paraclete, mutual love, peace and joy / Thesis (PhD (New Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

À Montréal, subventions et investissements privés à la clé, l’Intelligence artificielle est sur toutes les lèvres. Un écosystème propice au développement des technologies intelligentes dans la métropole québécoise émerge, faisant naître de nouveaux types d’entreprises. Ce mémoire a pour objectif de retracer le rapport spécifique au travail que développent les jeunes travailleurs choisissant d’œuvrer dans ce secteur prometteur, après avoir illustré qui ils sont d’un point de vue sociodémographique. Par l’entremise d’une étude qualitative, l’auteur s’interroge sur les conditions d’emploi en vigueur dans ces nouvelles entreprises technologiques et les couleurs données au travail en leur sein. L’enquête expose ainsi les plus récentes mutations relatives au travail et à l’emploi qui font en sorte que plus que jamais, le travail est une façon de s’exprimer en tant qu’individu. Elle saisit en acte la construction du sens que ces jeunes travailleurs hautement qualifiés attribuent à leur sphère professionnelle afin de pouvoir se soustraire de la flexibilité et de la précarité responsables de l’effritement de la société dite salariale. / In Montreal, with an abundance of public subsidies and private investment, Artificial intelligence is on everyone's lips. Emerging in Quebec's metropolis is an ecosystem conducive to the development of smart technologies, giving birth to new types of businesses. After illustrating the socio-demographic qualities of the professionals drawn towards this field, this dissertation aims to trace the work-specific relationship developed by young workers who choose to work in this promising sector. Through a qualitative study, the author examines what employment conditions look like in this emerging sector of the tech industry. The findings in this paper highlight the changing culture of work and how it has increasingly become a way of expressing oneself as an individual. It captures in action the construction of meaning that these young and highly qualified workers attribute to their professional sphere in order to escape the flexibility and precariousness responsible for the erosion of the so-called wage society.

This work focuses on the themes of old age, ageing and dementia. It seeks to explore how people who are caring for a loved one with dementia construct their ideas about the illness and how their experience of caring translates into their ideas about old age and ageing. These themes are discussed against the background of the third age, active ageing and the social imagination of the fourth age as conceived by Gilleard and Higgs. The thesis shows how the respondents form their ideas about their own old age in the context of third age culture, what aspects of old age they consider most important, and conversely what constitutes for them an image of a bad old age. At the same time, this thesis captures the respondents' experience of caring for their parent and how they construct ideas about this illness on the basis of this experience. The specific aspects of the disease of dementia are discussed in the context of key elements of the social imaginary of the fourth age and its most debated concepts, including the concept of personhood. The problematic aspects of the disease are reflected in the experience of caring for a loved one with dementia, and reflected in the fear of the disease in terms of their impact on the relationship with the parent, the nature and need for care.

Les distributions d'espèces observées dans un environnement hétérogène résultent de plusieurs processus déterministes et stochastiques agissant comme des filtres pour contraindre la coexistence des espèces. L’action successive de ces processus a pour conséquence directe de structurer spatialement la composition des communautés et la variation de ces compositions (i.e., diversité bêta). Un des objectifs majeurs de l'écologie des communautés et métacommunautés consiste à identifier et quantifier les effets respectifs de ces différents processus sur la diversité bêta des communautés afin de mieux comprendre et prédire la distribution de la biodiversité. L'expérimentation étant difficilement possible, les processus responsables de la variation spatiale de la composition des communautés sont généralement inférés à partir des structures spatiales des distributions d’espèces observées dans la nature. La thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte et vise à améliorer les outils de statistique multivariée permettant d’identifier et quantifier l'effet des processus écologiques structurant les communautés et métacommunautés. En particulier, il est proposé d’intégrer les échelles écologiques et les modèles nuls contraints pour étudier l’effet de l’environnement. La décomposition des relations trait-environnement dans les échelles spatiales et phylogénétiques permet une étude plus approfondie du filtrage environnemental en associant son échelle spatiale d’action au signal phylogénétique des traits sélectionnés pour capturer l’histoire évolutive associée au filtrage environnemental. L’interprétation en terme de processus évolutifs est néanmoins limitée et mériterait l’intégration de modèles nuls phylogénétiquement contraints pour une analyse plus fine. Dans la continuité, des modèles nuls spatialement contrains ont été développés et intégrés à deux analyses multivariées très largement utilisées en écologie des communautés (i.e., partitionnement de variation et test de Mantel) pour estimer et tester l’effet de l’environnement sur les assemblages d’espèces. Ces deux analyses présentaient une surestimation de leur statistique mesurée ainsi qu’un taux anormal de faux positifs lorsque les distributions d’espèces (via processus de dispersion limitée) et l’environnement étaient indépendamment spatialement structurés. L’intégration de modèles nuls spatialement contraints a permis d’ajuster à la fois les estimations et les tests de ces deux analyses illustrant ainsi le besoin d’utiliser des modèles nuls écologiquement contraints pour une identification et quantification correctes des processus écologiques / Species distributions observed in an heterogeneous environment result from multiple deterministic and stochastic processes acting as filters to constrain species co-existence. As a direct consequence, the successive actions of these processes spatially structure communities composition and the variation of these compositions (i.e., beta-diversity). One of the major objective in community and metacommunity ecology is to identify and quantify the respective effects of these different processes on communities beta-diversity to better understand and predict the distribution of biodiversity. Experiments being hardly possible, processes responsible for the spatial variation of communities composition are generally inferred from spatial patterns of species distributions observed in nature. In this context, the thesis aims at improving multivariate statistical tools conducted to identify and quantify the effects of ecological processes shaping communities and metacommunities. In particular, this thesis proposes to integrate ecological scales and constrained null models to study the effect of environment.Decomposing trait-environment relationships through spatial and phylogenetic scales allows to further study environmental filtering. The association of spatial scales involved in environmental filtering with the phylogenetic signals of traits allowed to capture the evolutive history related to environmental filtering. The interpretation in terms of evolutive processes is however limited and phylogenetically-constrained null models should be considered to improve the analysis. Following on from this work, spatially-constrained null models were developed and integrated into two multivariate analyses widely used in community ecology (i.e., variation partitioning and Mantel tests) to estimate and test the effect of environmental filtering on species assemblages. Both approaches presented overestimation of their computed statistic as well as high rates of false positive when species distributions (via limited dispersal) and environmental conditions were independently spatially structured. Integrating spatially-constrained null models allowed to adjust both their tests and the values of their statistic, as such demonstrating the need of using ecologically-constrained null models to correctly identify and quantify ecological processes.For future works, the thesis suggests that adopting a scaling approach to study ecological processes in addition to mechanistic null models could offer the possibility to distinguish processes from one another

No description available.

Water quality of a stream or river is influenced by the surrounding landscape and vegetation. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used to characterize landcover and vegetation density. Benthic macroinvertebrates are ubiquitous in freshwater streams and are excellent indicators of the quality of freshwater habitats. Data from one NDVI remote sensing flight and one macroinvertebrate sampling event for eight wadeable stream study sites in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) were acquired. Proportions of high, moderate, and sparse vegetation were calculated for each stream watershed using ArcGIS. Functional feeding groups and tolerance values were assigned to macroinvertebrate taxa. The Fourth-corner and RLQ methods of analysis, available in the ade4 package for R software, were used to evaluate the relationships of macroinvertebrate traits with environmental variables. Hypothesis testing using Model 6 in the ade4 package resulted in p-values of 0.066 and 0.057 for global (overall) significance. Mean NDVI values of moderately vegetated areas and proportion of sparse vegetation were found to be significant to percent shredders at alpha ≤ 0.05. Results of these methods of analysis, when combined with traditional macroinvertebrate sampling metrics, show that NDVI can be a useful, additional tool to characterize a watershed and its effects on macroinvertebrate community composition and structure.

In this paper, I explore the early musical language of McCoy Tyner. Today, Tyner is recognized mostly for his use of quartal harmony and pentatonic scales despite having made recordings in his early career that reflect a more mainstream approach. In an effort to expand how Tyner is represented, I argue that Tyner's early style was characterized by a graceful balance of tradition and innovation, a masterful blend of bebop syntax with pentatonic melodies and quartal harmonies. The recordings that I analyze and discuss are: "Effendi," "Cousin Mary," and "Newport Romp." I transcribed and analyzed selected portions of these recordings in order to better understand his early musical language as a soloist from 1962 to 1963. A portion of this paper is focused on the early reception of Tyner, which acknowledged him as an accomplished mainstream player with a firm grasp of the jazz tradition. Ultimately, my analysis shows that Tyner's early style was a balance of tradition and innovation, incorporating bebop syntax, pentatonic melodies, and quartal harmonies.

Sedan 2007 har ett forskningsprojekt på s.k. ”framtidens kärnkraft”, även kallat för fjärde generationens kärnkraft pågått i Sverige. För den här studien har jag dels antagit ett historiskt perspektiv för att undersöka hur detta projekt har utvecklats och förändrats över tiden. Jag har även använt mig av Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys som metod och teori för att undersöka vilka argument som har använts (och på vilket sätt som dessa argument har förmedlats) när olika representanter bakom projektet försökte övertyga både Regeringskansliet 2012 och Energikommissionen 2015 om värdet av denna teknik. I den teknikhistoriska undersökningen uppdagades det att mellan åren 2007 - 2017 hade syftet och designen hos den föreslagna reaktorkonstruktionen förändrats avsevärt. Från början hade projektet handlat om att upprätta en forskningsanläggning i Sverige med både tillhörande reaktor, bränsletillverkningsanläggning och upparbetningsanläggning för produktion av plutonium som reaktorbränsle. Projektet fick däremot avslag från regeringen efter att både KVA och Vetenskapsrådet hade ställt sig kritiska till projektets utformning, ur både tekniska och samhällsekonomiska perspektiv. Därefter förändrades projektets utformning till att istället handla om kommersiell elproduktion för den kanadensiska gruvindustrin i Arktis. I den diskursanalytiska undersökningen visade det sig att framställningen av fjärde generationens kärnkraft i det analyserade materialet har vilat bakom en okritisk och positiv inställning till tekniken. Argumenten som har använts har för det mesta handlat om teknikens teoretiska möjligheter, men väldigt lite om realismen i dessa visioner. När åsikter eller värderingar har förekommit, har dessa nästan uteslutande formulerats som vedertagna sanningar, vilket både förstärker och upprätthåller aktörerna som auktoriteter på området. I analysen diskuterar jag även fem olika diskurser som jag identifierade i det analyserade materialet. Dessa diskurser menar jag verkar både reproducerande och omstrukturerande på den rådande diskursordningen, vars syfte har varit att försöka skapa ett förnyat intresse för fjärde generationens kärnkraft som tidigare gick under namnet ”bridreaktor”. / Since 2007 a Swedish research project have been attempting to develop “the next generation” of nuclear power plants, also called the fourth generation of nuclear power. In this study, I have partly adopted a historical perspective in order to investigate how this research project have developed and changed over time. I have also applied the methodology of Faricloughs critical discourse analysis in order to identify what kind of arguments and rhetoric’s that were used by some of the representatives of this project when they tried to convince the Swedish cabinet office in 2012 and the Swedish Energy commission in 2015 of the value of this technology. In the historical investigation, it was discovered that between the years of 2007 and 2017, the purpose and design of the proposed reactor had undergone several transformations and changes. At first, the leaders of the research project had been considering building a research facility in Sweden that would not only include a reactor, but also a fuel fabrication and reprocessing facility for production of plutonium fuel. However, the project was never approved by the Swedish government, after both KVA and Vetenskapsrådet had expressed criticism towards the project, due to both technical and socio-economic considerations. As a result, the direction of the project was transformed into commercial power production for the mining industry in the Canadian Arctic. In the discourse analysis, it became evident that the information and arguments that had been presented in the analysed material had been framed in a strictly positive and uncritical manner. The arguments that were portrayed had mostly addressed the theoretical possibilities of the technology, but very little about the realism of these visions. When opinions or values had been expressed, they had almost exclusively been phrased as inherent truths, which can contribute to both strengthening and upholding their status in society as authority figures. In the discourse analysis, I also discuss five different discourses which I have identified in the material that was analysed. These discourses were then concluded to be both reproducing and restructuring on the current order of Swedish nuclear and energy discourse.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo sobre o Espírito Santo Paráclêtos e as suas funções, delimitado na perícope Jo 16,4b-15, situada dentro do quadro dos capítulos Jo 13–17 intitulado de discurso de despedida. Nesta perícope são descritas as funções exercidas pelo Paráclêtos, as quais são específicas, inconfundíveis e não mencionadas nos outros logions sobre o Paráclêtos delimitados em Jo 14,15-17; Jo 14,25-26 e Jo 15,26-27. No entanto, para o aprofundamento desse tema, foi necessário o aprofundamento das questões que envolvem o Quarto Evangelho, no que concerne: à formação do Evangelho, às vertentes teológicas, à relação entre o Discípulo Amado e o autor, ao lugar de origem, as hipóteses da composição, bem como aos contextos que influenciaram o pensamento joanino, assuntos estes denominados questão joanina. Sendo assim, a partir deste aporte desenvolveu-se a exegese da perícope, tendo como pergunta norteadora: como entender a necessidade da partida de Jesus para que o Paráclêtos seja enviado (cf. Jo 16,7)? Sobre essa questão é estabelecida a inter-relação entre a missão do Filho e a missão do Paráclêtos, bem como o fato de que nas narrativas sobre o envio do Paráclêtos, ora é o Pai, que envia mediante a intercessão de Jesus (cf. Jo 14,16.26), ora é o Filho, que envia de junto do Pai (cf. Jo 15,26; Jo 16,7). Para o alcance à resposta desse questionamento, realizou-se a aplicação do método histórico-crítico e a investigação de obras de autores modernos, chegando à conclusão, por meio desses instrumentos, de que há uma inter-relação entre a missão do Filho e a Missão do Paráclêtos, isto é, o Espírito dá continuidade à obra do Filho por meio do testemunho dos discípulos. / [en] This dissertation aims to study about the Holy Spirit-Paraclete and its functions, as described in Jn 16,4b-15, situated within the framework of the chapters 13–17 titled farewell speech . This pericope describes the duties performed by the Paraclete, which are specific, unmistakable, and are not mentioned in the other logions about the Paraclete in Jn 14,15-17; Jn 14,25-26; Jn 15,26-27. However, for the further development of this subject, the deepening of the issues surrounding the Fourth Gospel was necessary, regarding: the formation of the Gospel, the theological aspects, the relationship between the Beloved and the author, place of origin, the hypotheses of the composition, as well as the context that influenced the Johannine thought, all of which called Ioannina Issue . Thus, from this contribution we developed the exegesis of the pericope, with the guiding question: How can one understand that the departure of Jesus was necessary for the Paraclete to be sent (cf. Jn 16,7)? This is a question upon which the interrelationship between the Son s mission and the mission of the Paraclete is established, as well as the fact that the narratives about the sending of the Paraclete, oftentimes it is the Father who sends through the intercession of Jesus (cf. Jn 14,16.26), oftentimes it is the Son who sends the Paraclete from the nearness of the Father (cf. Jn 15,26; Jn 16,7). To reach the answer of this question, there was the application of the historical-critical method and the research works of modern authors, which led to the conclusion that that there is an interrelationship between the Son s mission and the mission of the Paraclete, that is, the Spirit continues the Son s work through the witness of the disciples.