The use of media technology to pre-program the camera work of performances (with tools such as CuePilot) became a state-of-theart solution in live broadcasted music competitions and events, allowing to create technologically advanced and more appealing live performances. In this paper we study how the use of such solutions affect the viewer’s experience, assuming that preprogrammed camera work results in a more unified experience compared to manual camera work. The paper also investigates whether pre-programmed camera work is noticeable by the viewers. To study these effects an experiment was conducted. The material used was a set of four entries from the Latvian music competition Supernova available in two versions: one produced manually without CuePilot and one pre-programmed with CuePilot. Each participant watched two of the entries without CuePilot and two with, and provided quantitative input according to GEMS (Geneva Emotional Music Scale), an instrument developed in order to measure musically evoked emotions, as well as qualitative input, as each participant had to determine which two of the performances watched were directed with CuePilot and asked to explain their choices. An analysis of the data using statistical tools and significance tests showed that pre-programmed camera work can result in a more unified experience compared to manual camera work, up to some degree. The ability to decrease the variance depends on the creativity value of the Creative Space of the specific production. Pre-programmed camera work is not directly noticeable but can be identified more easily with the presence of video effects, quick cuts or explicit interaction of the artist with the camera. / Användningen av medieteknik för att förprogrammerad kameraarbetet för framträdanden (med verktyg såsom CuePilot) har blivit en lösning i teknologisk framkant inom direktsända musiktävlingar och event vilket möjliggjort tekniskt avancerade och mer attraktiva liveframföranden. I denna uppsats undersöks hur användningen av sådana lösningar påverkar tittarens upplevelse under antagande att förprogrammerat kameraarbete resulterar i en mer enad upplevelse i jämförelse med manuellt kameraarbete. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen om förprogrammerat kameraarbete är märkbart hos tittaren. För att undersöka denna inverkan utfördes ett experiment. Materialet som användes var fyra bidrag från den lettiska musiktävlingen Supernova tillgängliga i två versioner: en producerad manuellt utan CuePilot och en förprogrammerad med CuePilot. Varje deltagare tittade på två av bidragen utan CuePilot och två med och bidrog med kvantitativ input enligt GEMS (Geneva Emotional Music Scale), ett verktyg framtaget för att mäta musikaliskt framkallade känslor, tillsammans med kvalitativ input då deltagarna också blev ombedda att gissa vilka av de sedda bidragen som producerats med CuePilot tillsammans med en motivering av valet. Med statistiska verktyg och signifikanstest visade en analys av datan att förprogrammerat kameraarbete till viss del kan resultera i en mindre varians av upplevelser. Möjligheten att minska variansen beror på kreativitetsvärdet av den kreativa rymden (Creative Space) för en specifik produktion. Förprogrammerat kameraarbete är inte direkt noterbart men kan lättare bli identifierat om videoeffekter, snabba klippningar och tydlig interaktion mellan artist och kamera är närvarande.

The WHO Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute is a public health recommendation to reduce preventable causes of infant morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition. Irresponsible marketing of infant formula in hospitals is a threat to exclusive breastfeeding. Nurses are mandated to support, encourage and protect breastfeeding and to familiarize themselves with their responsibilities under this Code. The researcher explored Geneva nurses' knowledge of the Code and its impact in practice. Eighty seven point seven percent of the participating nurses had poor level of knowledge of the Code. Poor knowledge of the Code impacts on the quality and consistency of information given to mothers in hospitals. Inadvertent violations of the Code were observed among a minority of the respondents: 7.3% indicated that they received gifts; 2.4% received sponsorships to conferences. Training about the Code and its application in counseling is recommended to complement the babyfriendly initiative at hospitals to improve nutrition outcomes. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

protein chemistry, unnatural amino acids, chemical biology, proteomicsThe foundation of political societies is a central theme in Rousseau's work. This is no surprise coming from a man who was born into a people who had their own celebrated founder and foundations, and immersed himself in the writings of classical republicans and the quasi-mythical histories of ancient city-states where the heroic lawgiver played an important and legitimate role in political foundations. However, Rousseau's propositional political writings (those written for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland) have been accused of being unsystematic and running the spectrum from conservative and prudent to radical and utopian. It is this seeming incongruence which is the subject of this thesis. In particular, it is argued that this confusion is born out the failure to recognize a systematic distinction between "founding" and "re-founding" political societies in both the history of political thought, and Rousseau's own work (a distinction in Rousseau which has rarely been noted, let alone treated to a study of its own). By recognizing this distinction one can identify two Rousseaus; the conservative and prudent thinker who is wary of making changes to established political systems and constitutional foundations (the re-founder), and the radical democrat fighting for equality, and claiming that no state is legitimate without popular sovereignty (the founder). In demonstrating this distinction, this thesis examines the ancient concept of the lawgiver, the growth and expansion of the idea leading up to the eighteenth century, Rousseau's own philosophic writings on the topic, and the differing political proposals he wrote for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland. The thesis argues that although there is a clear separation between these two types of political proposals, they remain systematically Rousseauvian.

Cette recherche retrace l’histoire des envois de tableaux de l’État englobant les périodes du Directoire, du Consulat et de l’Empire. Grâce au dépouillement des archives publiques, la correspondance entre les acteurs locaux (maire et préfet, d’un côté) et les pouvoirs centraux(administration muséale et ministère de l’Intérieur, d’un autre côté) a pu être en grande partie reconstituée ; elle retrace la genèse de la naissance des musées de province. La suite chronologique de ces envois d’État de 1798 à 1814 prouve qu’il y a différents moments et différents types d’envois de tableaux. Seuls les envois issus de l’arrêté du 14 fructidor an IX (1er septembre 1801) et ceux issus de l’arrêté complémentaire du 16 fructidor an X (3 septembre 1802) se transformeront en création de musées lors de leur achèvement. Le récit et les aléas de l’histoire des envois donnent aussi un aperçu des convictions du ministre de l’Intérieur Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832) et de sa politique culturelle. Dès 1803, cette politique ministérielle sera parasitée par la gestion du Directeur général du Musée Napoléon, Dominique-Vivant Denon (1747-1825), qui, pour le moins, ne partage pas les positions du ministre. Parallèlement, germent les premiers bourgeons d’une politique culturelle préfectorale.L’intégration des trois villes de Bruxelles, Genève et Mayence dans la répartition artistique du14 fructidor an IX (1er septembre 1801) ne participe pas d’une politique d’assimilation ; elle relève clairement d’une volonté d’apaisement général de la Nation et d’un effort de réalisation de l’unité nationale chers surtout à Napoléon Bonaparte. / This study explores the distribution of paintings by the French government during the periods of the Directory, Consulate, and the Napoleonic Empire. An examination of public archives resulted in the reconstitution of correspondences between local officials (such as themayor and the prefect) and central powers (administrators at the Louvre Museum and the Minister of the Interior). This research highlights the particular policies of the Minister of the Interior Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832), and sheds light upon the birth of provincial museums (musées de province). The chronology of these national shipments of paintings from1798 to 1814 demonstrates that there are different moments and different kinds of cultural transfers. Only shipments issued under the decree of Fructidor 14 year IX (1 September 1801)and those of the additional order of Fructidor 16 year X (3 September 1802) resulted in the creation of museums upon completion. The history and vagaries of these shipments also reflect the ideology and political beliefs of Chaptal, author and initiator of these two decrees.From 1803 on, this ministerial policy was challenged by the Director of the NapoleonMuseum (Directeur général du Musée Napoléon), Dominique-Vivant Denon (1747-1825),who did not share the Minister’s point of view. At the same time, the first signs of prefectural cultural policy began to appear. The integration of the three towns, Brussels, Geneva and Mainz, under the artistic redistribution of Fructidor 14, was not so much a sign of political assimilation but rather a general desire to appease the nation and achieve national unity -especially important to Napoleon Bonaparte.

Définie comme droit national puis comme droit communautaire depuis l’adoption de la Convention de Dublin en 1990 par les États membres, la politique d’asile de l’Union européenne est devenue indissociable de sa politique migratoire. Le contexte des arrivées massives d’exilés dans l’Union européenne au cours des années 2010 a permis à l’UE de renforcer l’intégration de la demande d’asile dans une politique sécuritaire en la hiérarchisant, la catégorisant et en renforçant l’externalisation de son traitement. Cependant, en confirmant le mécanisme « Dublin » qui appelle à la solidarité des États membres dans la prise en charge des demandeurs d’asile, l’Union européenne, qui formait jusque-là un bloc unifié institutionnellement autour des valeurs des droits de l’Homme et de la démocratie, est désormais traversée par des conflits qui laissent ouverte la question de l’intégration et du rejet des demandeurs d’asile et qui révèlent une crise plus large. / Defined as national law and then as Community law since the adoption of the Dublin Convention in 1990 by the Member States, the asylum policy of the European Union has become inseparable from its migration policy. The context of the mass influx of exiles into the European Union in the course of 2010 has allowed the EU to strengthen the integration of asylum demand into a security policy by prioritizing, categorizing and strengthening the outsourcing of its treatment. However, by confirming the « Dublin » mechanism which calls for the solidarity of the Member States in the care of asylum seekers, the European Union, which until then formed an institutionally unified blocaround the values of the human rights and democracy, is now crossed by conflicts that leave open the question of integration and rejection of asylum seekers and reveal a wider crisis.

Marine scientific research has not lost any of its significance for the world of today and might become even more important for the future as the knowledge in this area will be crucial for management decisions in most areas of human life. Lithuania being the coastal state should be strongly motivated to create favourable conditions for carrying out MSR. The provisions of Part XIII, 1982 UNCLOS, set out specific rights and obligations for coastal and researching States and provide guidelines on how these rights and obligations should be implemented through negotiated access by foreign research vessels into the maritime zones under coastal State sovereign rights and jurisdiction. However, there is no evidence of successful UNCLOS implementation into national law of the Republic of Lithuania. The MSR regime remains nominal for lack of practical implementation. Though the UNCLOS is considered to represent the predominant international MSR regime, there are still provisions requiring a liberal interpretation, which could be enabled both by States enacting appropriate formulations and procedures in their national legislation and by commissions and international organizations developing guidelines and standardized procedures. The study has been structured in three parts which are further outlined in chapters representing the most relevant issues of the topic under discussion. Part 1 explores the historical development of marine science regulation indicating the origin and... [to full text]

The WHO Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute is a public health recommendation to reduce preventable causes of infant morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition. Irresponsible marketing of infant formula in hospitals is a threat to exclusive breastfeeding. Nurses are mandated to support, encourage and protect breastfeeding and to familiarize themselves with their responsibilities under this Code. The researcher explored Geneva nurses' knowledge of the Code and its impact in practice. Eighty seven point seven percent of the participating nurses had poor level of knowledge of the Code. Poor knowledge of the Code impacts on the quality and consistency of information given to mothers in hospitals. Inadvertent violations of the Code were observed among a minority of the respondents: 7.3% indicated that they received gifts; 2.4% received sponsorships to conferences. Training about the Code and its application in counseling is recommended to complement the babyfriendly initiative at hospitals to improve nutrition outcomes. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Cette thèse porte sur les missions du Comité international de la Croix Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d’Algérie et ses suites. Le CICR intervient, d’une part, dans le cadre de guerres opposant des États et, d’autre part, en cas de conflit armé non international afin de tenter d’assurer le respect des règles humanitaires. Au cours des « évènements » algériens, les arrestations massives de membres et militants du Front de libération nationale (FLN) finissent par saturer les prisons et contribuent à la création de centres d’assignation. Par ailleurs, dès l’indépendance de l’Algérie, des milliers de supplétifs de l’armée française sont internés dans des camps, puis incarcérés pour nombre d’entre eux. L’objectif de ce travail doctoral est l’étude des principales initiatives entreprises par le CICR afin de faire appliquer quelques règles du droit humanitaire aux personnes concernées, pendant les sept années et demi de guérilla et après l’indépendance algérienne. Il est essentiellement question de prisons et de camps d’internement où les délégués contrôlent les conditions matérielles, le traitement et la discipline appliqués aux nationalistes et, plus tard, aux Européens pro-Algérie française arrêtés à partir du début de l’année 1961 ainsi qu’aux anciens supplétifs, de février à août 1963. Il s’agit également d’actions mises en place par le CICR afin d’accéder aux prisonniers français aux mains du FLN. Ce travail aborde également, dans une moindre mesure, diverses actions d’aide humanitaire en direction des populations réfugiées au Maroc ou en Tunisie et des personnes déplacées puis reléguées par l’armée française dans des camps de regroupement. / This thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps.

Notre thèse de doctorat porte sur la correspondance du médecin et antiquaire protestant Jacob Spon. Elle a pour objet de rassembler l’ensemble de ses lettres, afin de réaliser une édition critique. La correspondance de Spon s’inscrit dans l’immense réseau européen que forme la République des Lettres, qui, à l’époque classique, échangeait savoirs, idées, découvertes et services par le biais d’un intense échange épistolaire. Le savoir est un enjeu ; des stratégies résiliaires s’élaborent, au moment où L’Europe initie une critique radicale de l’héritage intellectuel hérité de l’Antiquité et de la tradition chrétienne. Les correspondances sont les vecteurs de l’échange des connaissances entre acteurs individuels ou collectifs.Chronologiquement, la correspondance de Jacob Spon s’étend sur environ vingt ans, de son départ de Lyon pour se former à la médecine, dans les années 1665-1667 à son brusque exil pour le Refuge en 1685 après la révocation de l’Édit de Nantes. Les correspondants résident dans la plupart des grands centres intellectuels de l’Europe occidentale, parmi lesquels Paris, Londres, Rotterdam, Leipzig, Francfort, Genève, Florence, Milan… Les plis du savant protestant, à l’exception de quelques-uns, sont tous rédigés à Lyon. À ce jour, nous avons recensé 425 lettres : 290 lettres reçues par Spon, et 135 envoyées à ses correspondants européens.Nous avons dégagé cinq thèmes principaux présents dans la correspondance du médecin Lyonnais.-Les réseaux et les milieux sociaux fréquentés par Jacob Spon. Le réseau familial constitue le premier cercle de sociabilité et permet d’entrer en relation avec d’autres réseaux plus étendus liés aux affinités intellectuelles, et principalement sur l’héritage antique gréco-romaine sous tous ses aspects : philosophie, religion histoire, artefacts, vestiges... Son rôle de médiateur culturel au sein de la République des Lettres apparaît en filigrane-La sensibilité religieuse. Plus qu’une pratique, la foi définit une partie de l’identité de l’érudit huguenot. Elle est aussi un discours qui se fonde sur deux arguments : le premier est celui de la liberté de conscience ; le second, plus original, tente de justifier la supériorité de l’Eglise Réformée par son ancienneté, en se basant sur l’épigraphie et la numismatique et peu par les textes. Il convient de replacer cette originalité dans le contexte de controverse religieuse qui agite la France du XVIIe siècle.D’autre part, l’articulation religion-antiquarisme a contribué semble-t-il à une approche de l’art différente des conceptions calvinistes traditionnelles.-La tolérance religieuse. Contrairement à l’idéalisation d’une République des Lettres faisant peu de cas de l’appartenance confessionnelle, nous souhaitons éprouver la notion de tolérance religieuse, que nous remettons en question, en nous appuyant sur le cas de Spon, qui souffrit de sa foi réformée dans la France précédant la révocation de l’édit de Nantes et affirma avec force son adhésion à la foi de Calvin.-La production et la diffusion de savoirs. L’érudit lyonnais est un des précurseurs de la démarche scientifique moderne. Il innova dans les domaines de sa compétence, servi par un regard aiguisé et une formation d’honnête homme. Il importe ici de saisir les mécanismes de production savante, et leur diffusion à l’ensemble des curieux par la voie des réseaux épistolaires.-La distinction entre sphère publique et sphère privée. Spon différencie dans sa correspondance ce qui relève de son for intérieur et ce qui concerne sa position d’homme public, c’est-à-dire son for extérieur. Paradoxalement, cette séparation est loin d’être claire dans ses papiers. L’étude de ces axes nous permet de clarifier comment les savoirs savants s’élaborent et se diffusent, mais aussi de replacer la place de la religion, au sein de la République des Lettres dans les stratégies de communication savante à partir du cas particulier de la correspondance de Jacob Spon. / Our thesis focuses on the correspondence of physician and antiquarian Protestant Jacob Spon. To gather all of his letters, in order to achieve a critical edition of its object. Spon correspondence is in the vast European network that form the Republic of Letters, which, in the classical period, trading knowledge, ideas, discoveries and services through an intense exchange of letters. But speaking of "network" in the singular is abusive. Hundreds of networks communicate, create, unmade, confront, overlap. Knowledge is an issue, the résiliaires strategies are developed at a time when Europe introduces a radical critique of the intellectual legacy inherited from antiquity and the Christian tradition. Matches are the vectors of the exchange of knowledge between individual or collective actors.Chronologically, the correspondence of Jacob Spon covers about twenty years of his departure from Lyon to train in medicine, in the years 1665-1667 to his sudden exile to the Refuge in 1685 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The corresponding live in most of the major intellectual centers of Western Europe, including Paris, London, Rotterdam, Leipzig, Frankfurt, Geneva, Florence, Milan ... The folds of Protestant scholar, with the exception of a few, are all written in Lyon. To date, we have identified 425 letters: 290 letters received by Spon and 135 sent to its European correspondents.Our approach is guided by the joint letter correspondence. A letter makes sense that being inserted in a set or series that recounts the lives, conditions, constraints and policy concerns, religious, financial, commercial, intellectual, and cultural of the letter writer. We are thus led to the interpretation of single text linking to this piece with a meaningful whole. Correspondence, witness and agent information exchange suggests a network, that is to say, a complex communication structure which fits individual-author.We have identified five key themes in the correspondence doctor Lyonnais.- Networks and social circles frequented by Jacob Spon. The home network is the first circle of sociability and allows to interact with other larger related intellectual affinity networks, mainly on the ancient Greco-Roman heritage in all its aspects: philosophy, religion, history, artifacts, remains ... Jacob Spon maintains a role of cultural mediator in the Republic of Letters between scholars living in Italy, Paris and Protestants States. - The religious sensibility. More than practical, faith defines a part of the identity of the Huguenot scholar. It is a discourse that is based on two arguments: the first is freedom of conscience, the second most original attempts to justify the superiority of the Reformed Church by seniority, based on epigraphy and numismatics and little by law. It should replace the original in the context of religious controversy stirring seventeenth-century France.On the other hand, the joint-antiquarianism-religion helped-it seems a different approach to the art of traditional Calvinist designs.- The religious tolerance. Unlike the idealization of a republic of letters with little regard to religious affiliation, we would test the concept of religious tolerance in Republic of Letters, relying on the case of Spon, who suffered for his faith in the Seventeeth century Catholic France before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.- Production and dissemination of knowledge through epistolary networks.- The distinction between public and private spheres. Paradoxically, this separation is far from clear in Jacob Spon's papers. The thesis tries to clarify how knowledge is exchanged among scholars , but also to replace the Religion confrontation between Catholics and Protestants within Republic of Letters and strategies of communication in this learned community.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished