Det finns flera teorier om hur äldre uppnår det goda åldrandet med hög livstillfredsställelse. Gerotranscendens är en av dessa. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om anhöriga ser tecken på gerotranscendens hos sin åldrande förälder och i så fall vilka tecken de ser. Forskningsdesignen var kvalitativ och metoden var att spela in semistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv anhöriga till föräldrar i åldern 75 + utan demenssjukdom, boende på ett servicehus i Stockholm. Tidigare forskning har beskrivit att vårdpersonal och äldre individer uppfattat tecken på gerotranscendens och alla anhöriga i denna studie beskrev flera tecken på gerotranscendens. Att anhöriga sett olika många tecken hos sin åldrande förälder kan bero på att föräldrarna hade utvecklat gerotranscendens mer eller mindre eller inte alls men det kan även bero på hur de anhöriga betraktar sina föräldrar, de kanske inte hade observerat vissa förändringar. Det kan också bero på att vissa anhöriga kan ha varit influerade av en annan syn på åldrandet. De tecken alla anhöriga såg var att föräldrarna kände en samhörighet med tidigare och kommande generationer, att de var mindre rädda för döden och att små vardagliga saker i livet blev viktigare. / There are several theories about how the elderly achieve a good ageing with a high level of life satisfaction. Gerotranscendence is one of these. The aim of this study was to explore if relatives see signs of gerotranscendence in their aging relatives and if so which signs they see. The design was qualitative and the semi- structured interview data were collected and audio-tape recorded. Twelve relatives to parents aged 75 years or more without signs of dementia living in a service home in Stockholm, Sweden, were interviewed. Previous research has shown that healthcare professionals and older individuals perceive signs of gerotranscendence among elderly and all relatives in this study described several signs of gerotranscendence. The fact that the relative had seen a different number of signs may be related to the possibility that the parents had developed gerotranscendence more or less or not at all, it can also depend on how the relatives perceive their parents, they may not have observed any changes. It may also depend on the fact that some relatives may have a different view on aging. All relatives had seen signs indicating a communion with earlier and coming generation, that their parents were less afraid of death and perceived small everyday matters as more important than before.

En mängd äldreforskning pekar på att ålderdomen bör vara en förlängning av medelåldern på det viset att aktivitet, produktivitet, rationalitet, oberoende, hälsa och social förmåga även är normen på gamla dagar. Teorin om gerotranscendens menar till skillnad från detta att ålderdomen innebär en positiv utveckling där man känner sig nöjd med det liv man har haft, samhörighetskänslor med den eviga kedjan av liv och en harmoni inför vad som komma skall. Mitt syfte var att undersöka hur äldre personers upplevelse av ålderdomen ter sig i relation till teorin om gerotranscendens och dess tre dimensioner – tidsuppfattning, självuppfattning och sociala relationer, samt att få en ökad förståelse av vilka faktorer som kan ha en avgörande påverkan för utvecklingen mot gerotranscendens. Kvalitativ metod användes och semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att närma mig åtta äldre intervjupersoners upplevelse av ålderdomen. Olika grad av det gerotranscendenta tillståndet kom till uttryck bland samtliga intervjupersoner. Inom dimensionen för självuppfattning uttryckte majoriteten av intervjupersonerna en ökad självkännedom med levnadsåldern samt självkonfrontation gentemot personlighetens mörkare och ljusare sidor. Under dimensionen för tidsuppfattning uttrycktes att tiden går väldigt fort samt att minnen tillbaka i tiden upplevdes ligga nära i tid trots att det var saker som skedde för länge sedan. Det fanns även några intervjupersoner som ansåg att minnen från livet kändes avlägsna. Den dimension som stämde minst in på intervjupersonerna var dimensionen för sociala relationer.

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’influence d’une caractéristique de l’être humain quasi ignorée par la recherche en marketing jusqu’à présent : la spiritualité. Inscrite dans un contexte démographique et économique où la compréhension du comportement de consommation des seniors revêt des intérêts majeurs, elle étudie l’influence de la spiritualité des personnes âgées sur leurs motivations à voyager. Le premier chapitre présente les caractéristiques du comportement touristique des personnes âgées et leurs motivations à voyager. Une étude qualitative complète les conclusions de la revue de littérature et aboutit à l’identification de sept catégories de motivations à voyager. Le second chapitre propose un cadre conceptuel de la spiritualité incluant une définition du concept, présente un état de l’art de l’influence de la spiritualité en comportement du consommateur et caractérise la spiritualité des personnes âgées via la théorie de la gérotranscendance. Le troisième chapitre présente la modélisation théorique de l’influence de la spiritualité des personnes âgées sur leurs motivations à voyager, les hypothèses de recherche associées et le design de la recherche. Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres décrivent les études empiriques mises en oeuvre sur un total de 645 retraités Français âgés de 60 à 85 ans pour répondre aux objectifs de la recherche. Les résultats obtenus sont analysés. Les apports théoriques de cette recherche résident dans son inscription dans les cadres d’analyse du consommateur âgé et du vieillissement réussi, contribuant ainsi à mieux comprendre le vieillissement en l’envisageant comme une continuité de croissance. Un cadre conceptuel clair et complet pour l’étude de la spiritualité en marketing est proposé, accompagné d’un état des recherches sur l’influence de la spiritualité en comportement de consommation. L’élaboration d’une échelle des motivations à voyager des Français âgés constitue un apport méthodologique major de ce travail. Des recommandations d’ordre managérial sont proposées sur la base des résultats de la recherche. / This research explores the influence on consumer behavior of a long ignored characteristic of Man : spirituality. Given the growing demographics and economic power of older adults, understanding their consumer behavior appears essential. This research investigates the influence of the spirituality of older adults on their motivations to travel. The first chapter describes the tourist behavior of older adults and their motivations to travel. The results of literature review and a qualitative study reveal that there are seven categories of motivations to travel. The second chapter provides a conceptual framework for the study of spirituality, a state of the art research of the influence of spirituality on consumer behavior, and a description of the spirituality of older adults, which is characterized through the theory of gerotranscendence. The third chapter introduces the research model, the research hypotheses and the research design. The fourth and fifth chapters describe the empirical studies conducted to answer the research objectives (N=645). Empirical results are discussed. This research sets itself in the research framework on successful ageing. It contributes to having a better understanding of ageing, which is then considered as a process of continuous growth. It establishes a clear and complete conceptual framework for the study of spirituality in consumer behavior and offers a review of previously identified influences of spirituality. A Travel Motivations scale is created. Managerial recommendations are available.

Uppfattningen om äldre och åldrandet påverkar synen på behov och problem samt hur omvårdnad och bemötande sker mot äldre. Olika åldrandeteorier påverkar omvårdnadspersonalens synsätt på åldrandet, vilket i sin tur påverkar de äldre. Gerotranscendens är en åldrandeteori som beskriver åldrandet som något positivt. Syftet med studien var att presentera teorin om gerotranscendens för omvårdnadspersonal på ett särskilt boende och undersöka om de anser att kunskap om gerotranscendens förändrar deras synsätt gentemot äldre. Studien har utförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 omvårdnadspersonal på ett särskilt boende. Data har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Denna studie tyder på att kunskap i teorier om åldrandet ger en ökad förståelse för åldrandet och en medvetenhet hos omvårdnadspersonalen hur de kan känna igen tecken på gerotranscendens och därmed främja äldres väg mot gerotranscendens. Studien tyder även på att kunskapen om gerotranscendens har gett omvårdnadspersonalen andra redskap att använda i omvårdnaden av de äldre. Omvårdnadspersonalen har genom kunskap i teorin om gerotranscendens fått en medvetenhet om att de genom förändrade arbetsmetoder och annan samtalsteknik med de äldre kan främja de äldres väg mot gerotranscendens. / Perceptions of older people and aging have an impact of needs and problems and how to care and treat for the elderly. Different theories of aging affect the nursing staff's views on aging, which in turn affects the elderly. Gerotranscendence is an aging theory that describes aging as something positive. The purpose of this study was to present the theory of gerotranscendence for nursing staff in a nursing home and investigate if they believe that knowledge of gerotranscendence change their approach towards the elderly. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 nursing staff on a nursing home. The data were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. This study suggests that knowledge of theories of aging provide a better understanding of the aging process and recognition by the nursing staff on how to recognize signs of gerotranscendence and thereby promote older people's to reach gerotranscendence. The study also suggests that knowledge of gerotranscendence gave nursing staff other tools to use in the care of the elderly. Nursing staff have through the knowledge of the theory of gerotranscendence awareness that they through changed working methods and communication with the older people can promote their way to reach gerotranscendence.

ABSTRACT Spirituality has been recognized as a positive factor in the lives of older adults, especially as it influences their emotional, mental, and physical well-being. This convenience sample study included 17 older adults residing at a faith based continuing care retirement community in Florida. The sample was represented by Caucasian older adults with an average age of 84 years, highly educated, majority Protestant and mostly female. Spiritual life reviews were conducted using spiritual life maps (Hodge, 2005) and semi-structured interview questions. Erikson's epigenetic stage of ego-integrity was used along with Butler's life review process and Tornstam's gerotranscendence as a conceptual framework for understanding late life development and spirituality in older adults. This mostly qualitative study used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to analyze the responses to the open-ended interview questions about spirituality across the life-time. Ego-integrity was measured at the beginning and end of the spiritual life review study. Paired t-tests found that participation in the spiritual life review did not influence the ego integrity scores of participants. Specifically, there were no statistically significant difference between the pre ego integrity score (M=82.94, SD= 8.235) and the post ego integrity score (M=84.47, SD= 7.551); t (16) = -.769 p= .453. However, in comparison, the qualitative analysis revealed that the spiritual life review does influence ego-integrity in some participants. Additionally, the spiritual life review confirms gerotranscendence and contributes to information about spiritual development in the lives of older adults. The conclusion offers a discussion about the study's limitations, strengths, implications for future research, and suggestions for clinical practice.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka faktorer av betydelse för en upplevd livskvalitet bland äldre personer i behov av omsorg. Studien har en hermeneutisk ansats. Data samlades in via enskilda djupintervjuer med fyra äldre personer boende på ett trygghetsboende i en värmländsk kommun. Hälsa, aktivitet och intressen, anhöriga och vänner, boende samt acceptans av sitt eget liv och åldrande var faktorer av betydelse.   Hälsan beskrevs utifrån två olika dimensioner, som faktiskt hälsostatus och subjektivt upplevd hälsa. Att vara delaktig i aktivitet och utföra sina intressen var viktigt för de äldre. Resultaten visade att de äldres tidigare intressen var viktiga att bevara, även om det var i en annan omfattning – radio och tv gav dem möjlighet till fortsatt bejakande av intressen. Respondenterna upplevde att de var tätt sammanflätade med sina anhöriga och det var av stor betydelse för dem att vara delaktiga i deras liv genom att exempelvis få telefonsamtal samt besök. Boendeformen tillskrevs stor betydelse utifrån trygghet och möjlighet till avslappning. De äldre hade inte längre ansvar för praktiska göromål, som exempelvis snöskottning och andra hemsysslor. Acceptans av sitt eget liv och åldrande hade stor vikt för upplevelsen av livskvalitet. De äldre personerna beskrev att de kunde acceptera och hantera negativa händelser i nuet om livet i sin helhet sammanfattades av dem själva som positivt. Att lämna över personligt värdefulla ting till sina barn beskrevs av respondenterna som något mycket viktigt.   Resultaten tolkades utifrån gerotranscendensteorin och KASAM för att nå en bredare förståelse för de äldres upplevelse av livskvalitet / The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of a perceived quality of life among older persons in need of care. The study has a hermeneutical approach. Data were collected through individual interviews with four older people living at a sheltered housing in a municipality in Värmland. Health, activity and interests, relatives and friends, accommodation and acceptance of one's own life and aging were relevant factors.   Health was described in two different dimensions, which are actually health status and subjective perceived health. To participate in the activity and performance of their interests was important for the elderly. Results showed that the elderly former interests were important to preserve, even if it was on a different scale - radio and television gave them the opportunity for continued affirmation of interests. Respondents felt that they were interwoven with his family and it was important for them to be involved in their lives, for example by getting phone calls and visits. Housing form was ascribed great importance on the basis of security and opportunity for relaxation. The elderly no longer had responsibility for practical tasks, such as snow shoveling and other chores. Acceptance of one's own life and aging had great importance for the perception of quality of life. The elderly subjects stated that they could accept and deal with negative events in the present moment of life as a whole was summed up by themselves as well. To hand over personal valuable things to their children was described by respondents as something very important.   The results were interpreted on the basis gerotranscendens theory and SOC to reach a broader understanding of older people's experience of life

No description available.

Background: The studies analyzed have shown among other things that ageism appears to be an overlooked category in intersectionality studies, elderly is offered care in worse conditions than non-elderly and stereotypes restrict elderlys social space to act. The gray tsunami is approaching but studies show that large gaps separate different agegroups.Aims: The study discuss how scientists reason about ageism towards elderly in a social science discussion.Method: A literature review was conducted in which fifteen articles were analyzed. The database used, is the librariescatalog Summon, at Malmö University. The articles was compiled in themes to give dilated clarity in ageisms complexity towards elderly. The results are being discussed on the basis of terror management theory, gerotranscendence and social identitity theory.Results: Elderlys relation to society's expectations about aging can affect a self/body-dualism, a split. Scientists are often looking for one explanation to include all elders which gives the effect of homogenizing the group. Terror management (TMT) may explain young people's anxiety based on notions of elderly and aging. Social identity theory (SIT) could be one explanation of elderlys ageism towards their own age group, which has shown to be built on societies conceptions about aging and elderly.Conclusion: It is shown an eminent need to examine ageism more. The articles reason that many elderly undergoes a self/body dualism split, where aging can not be accepted because of society's perceptions of it. Elderly homogenized through stereotypes to which properties are attributed. By perceptions of elderly as different and acting in a way non-elderly can´t understand, because the lack of experience. Therefor, the theory of gerotranscendense can be discussed as one explanation for the distance and or that some of the non-elderly have difficulty identifying with some of the elderly.

Äldres psykiska hälsa är ett åsidosatt område och Socialstyrelsen efterlyserbehandlingsalternativ till medicinering. Flera studier poängterar dock att detsaknas forskning inom området psykoterapi med äldre. Syftet med studien är attundersöka frågor och livsproblem bland pensionärer som går i psykoterapi samtvad de anser är hjälpsamt vid kontakt med en psykoterapeut. En kvalitativ studiemed intervjuer har genomförts med fem kvinnor som valt att gå i psykoterapiefter pension. Kvinnorna var mellan 64 och 73 år gamla när intervjuernagenomfördes. Resultatet visade att fyra av de fem intervjuade kvinnorna ficknågon form av kris i samband med pensioneringen, och att de sökt upp enpsykoterapeut men att detta har skett av olika anledningar och livsproblem. Deanser att psykoterapi är hjälpsamt efter pensionering men menar att terapinbehöver anpassas till den äldres behov, ett synsätt som stöds av forskningen. / Health psychology among elderly is a neglected topic and social authorities ask foralternative treatment methods to medication. Several studies conclude there is alack of research regarding psychotherapy with elderly. Due to this, the aim of thepresent study is to examine the specific issues and life-problems that concernpsychotherapy attending seniors today, and what they consider as helpful intherapy. A qualitative research design was used with interviews conducted withfive women, who had all chosen to attend psychotherapy after retirement. Thewomen were between 64 and 73 years old when the interviews took place. Theresults showed that four of the five women had gone through some kind ofpersonal crisis in connection with their retirement. The women had all soughtpsychotherapy during the life span, due to a variety of reasons and life-problems.The women in this study think that psychotherapy is helpful after retirement, butthat the psychotherapy should be adapted to the specific needs that elderly peopledo have., which is in line with earlier research.

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the young caregivers thoughts of the elderly caretaker. A qualitative method was chosen when interviewing young caregivers in order to get an insight of how they perceive and speak of the elders. The main questions of the study are: How do the caregivers believe that the elders perceive their day-to-day life and situation? Is it possible to distinguish if the young caregiver’s thoughts about the elders affect their work with the elderly caretaker? Is it possible to notice any common factors that the young caregivers perceive as important in their work with the elderly caretaker? The criteria for inclusion in this study are caregivers aged 18 to 25, who are working with elderly at special accommodation. The theories chosen for this study are the salutogenetic perspective, the activity theory and the theory of gerotranscendence. From the outcome of the study the conclusion is that the interaction between the elder and the caregiver seem to be decisive for how the young caregiver think of the elders and their life situation. The caregivers in this study experience that activities give the elderly a meaningful life.</p>