Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil. / The region of Vale do Para?ba is part of the Atlantic Forest and presents a history of environmental degradation, like many other regions in Brazil, caused at first by wood extraction and coffee plantations, and later by other crops and cattle farming. Now, despite the remarkable headways in this biome?s biodiversity research, some groups still show little knowledge of the geographic scope and neglect the research when conducting management and conservation studies. This study?s greater objective was to assess the composition and abundance of ant species in different forest fragments in Vassouras, RJ, over the influence of environmental and structural attributes. the research was developed between march and april 2008. The ant fauna was analyzed through 620 litter samples of 1m2 each, submitted to the Winkler extractor for 48 hours. They were equally distributed in 31 forest fragments belonging to three different landscapes (A, B and C), creating a gradient of forest covering and altitude with different uses of the soil. 170 ant species were found, belonging to 10 subfamilies and 49 genera, with an average of 10 (? 3.3 of standard deviation) species by square meter. The average of species for fragment was 50 ? 9.2. The highest richness was found on landscape A with 133 species (187 estimated), followed by B with 122 spp. (160 estimated) and C with 100 (111 estimated). The largest composition and richness differences were found between landscapes A and C. Despite being fragmented, all three landscapes obtained a good representation of the ant fauna, showing distinct values for the biodiversity?s conservation. The results showed that more heterogeneous landscapes have greater richness and a more heterogeneous composition of species, although no significant relation to the size of the fragments was found and the ant fauna between landscapes. The results can still suggest that the differences found could be related to the succession state and the floristic composition of the forest fragments. / A regi?o do Vale do Para?ba, inserida no dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, apresenta como outras regi?es do Brasil um hist?rico comum de degrada??o ambiental, ocasionado em princ?pio pela explora??o madeireira, o ciclo do caf? e posteriormente por outras culturas agr?colas e a pecu?ria. Atualmente, apesar do not?vel avan?o das pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade neste Bioma, determinados grupos ainda apresentam conhecimento restrito em abrang?ncia geogr?fica ou mesmo s?o negligenciados em estudos de conserva??o e manejo. Neste sentido, o objetivo maior deste estudo foi avaliar a riqueza e composi??o em esp?cies de formigas sobre a influ?ncia de atributos ambientais e estruturais em fragmentos florestais de diferentes paisagens no munic?pio de Vassouras, RJ. O estudo foi realizado no per?odo de mar?o a abril de 2008. A fauna de formigas foi estudada atrav?s de 620 amostras de 1m2 de serapilheira, submetidas ao extrator de Winkler por 48 horas, distribu?das igualmente em 31 fragmentos florestais, inseridos em tr?s paisagens (A, B e C), compondo um gradiente de cobertura florestal e altitude com distintos usos do solo. Foram obtidas 170 esp?cies de formigas distribu?das em 10 subfam?lias e 49 g?neros, com m?dia de 10 (? 3,3 de desvio padr?o) esp?cies por metro quadrado. A m?dia de esp?cies por fragmentos foi de 50 ? 9,2. A maior riqueza foi registrada na paisagem A com 133 esp?cies, sendo 187 estimadas, seguida da paisagem B com 122 spp., sendo 160 estimadas e C com 100 sendo 111 estimadas. As maiores diferen?as tanto para a riqueza quanto para a composi??o foram apontadas entre as paisagens A e C. Apesar de fragmentadas as paisagens estudadas tiveram boa representatividade da fauna de formigas, demonstrando valores distintos para a conserva??o da biodiversidade. Os resultados mostraram que paisagens mais heterog?neas possuem maior riqueza e sua composi??o em esp?cies ? mais heterog?nea. Embora n?o tenha sido encontrada rela??o significativa com o tamanho dos fragmentos a fauna de formigas variou entre as paisagens. Os resultados permitem ainda sugerir que tais diferen?as podem estar ainda relacionadas ao estado de sucess?o e a composi??o flor?stica dos fragmentos florestais.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-29T13:53:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T13:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The thaminophilid passerines, just as other families of Passeriformes, can be parasitized by different species of coccidia, especially the genera Isospora Schneider, 1881 and Eimeria Schneider, 1875. In this context, this study aimed to identify, characterize and quantify coccidian species from Thamnophilidae in the Itatiaia National Park. Seven expeditions were performed at Itatiaia National Park, of which five were in conserved areas and two in areas around the park. A total of 184 species of birds were captured with mist nets, being 26 thaminophilid passerines. After fecal sampling and processing were observed coccidia of the genera Isospora and Eimeria. The species Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 was identified in two different hosts, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) and Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), and their oocysts were characterized as polymorphic, since the oocysts from P. leucoptera were more ellipsoidal and the oocysts from D. mentalis were more sub-spherical, which may be the result of speciation process/adaptation to these hosts. The intensities of infection in different hosts were relatively low, since that P. leucoptera and D. mentalis shed together an OoPD of 316 oocysts of I. parnaitatiaiensis, which can be explained by the conserved environment in the Itatiaia National Park and the insectivore feeding habit. Finally, the specificity occurred at the family level, because P. leucoptera and D. mentalis, both of Thamnophilidae family, have been reported as hosts of I. parnaitatiaiensis / Os taminofil?deos, da mesma forma que outras fam?lias de Passeriformes, podem ser parasitados por diversas esp?cies de cocc?dios, principalmente dos g?neros Isospora Schneider, 1881 e Eimeria Schneider, 1875. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar, caracterizar e quantificar esp?cies de cocc?dios parasitos de Thamnophilidae do PNI. Foram realizadas sete expedi??es no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, das quais cinco foram em ?reas mais preservadas e duas em ?reas no entorno do parque, as aves foram capturadas com o auxilio de redes de neblina, ao todos foram capturados 184 esp?cimes de aves sendo 26 taminofil?deos, ap?s o processamento das amostras observou ser cocc?dios do g?nero Isospora e Eimeria. A esp?cie Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 foi identificada em dois diferentes hospedeiros da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) e Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), sendo que seus oocistos foram caracterizados como polim?rficos, j? que os oocistos de P. leucoptera s?o mais elips?ides em rela??o aos oocistos de D. mentalis que tendem ao ser mais sub-esf?ricos, o que pode ser consequ?ncia do processo de especia??o/adapta??o ao hospedeiro. A intensidade de infec??o nos diferentes hospedeiros taminofil?deos positivos foram relativamente baixas, P. leucoptera e D. mentalis tiveram juntos um OoPD de 316 para os oocistos de I. parnaitatiaiensis, o que pode ser justificado pelo ambiente conservado do PNI e pelo h?bito alimentar inset?voro. Finalmente, a especificidade ocorreu em n?vel de fam?lia, pelo fato de P. leucoptera e D. mentalis, ambos da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, ter sido relatados como hospedeiros de I. parnaitatiaiensis

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-11-10T16:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIA_DAS_GRACAS_VILLELA_RODRIGUES_COMPLETO.pdf: 3711034 bytes, checksum: 8599c9dfdb61b14f16b029441393ea84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T16:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIA_DAS_GRACAS_VILLELA_RODRIGUES_COMPLETO.pdf: 3711034 bytes, checksum: 8599c9dfdb61b14f16b029441393ea84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / The investigation stems from the realization of the importance that the computer science area exerts a process of integration with the Health Sciences in that it offers mimicry possibilities station bodily functions which provides technology to support scientific research. As these research in the areas of Health Sciences can not always be carried out with humans for ethical reasons and even the use of animals has been restricted, technological innovations make it ever more necessary to advance such research. Thus, this thesis aims to determine whether the image display as vector digital methodology results in more efficiency and wider use compared to the analog image. The methodology used, with the participation of 210 travel volunteer medical students of PUCRS three class members. In each class, students were randomized into two groups of 35 students, the control group was exposed to an analog image sciatic nerve in the rat division, while the test group was exposed to the same nerve imaging, but vectored in Inkscape program, compared to a division of the sciatic nerve photograph captured by a scanning electron microscope. Each group viewed the received image, comparing it with the electron microscope image, identifying this picture the names of the nerves that are part of the division of the sciatic nerve. Later the control group viewed digital images to a post-test and with the test group answered a questionnaire of receptivity of the methodology. We used the comparison and statistical method to perform the analyzes which confirmed the greater efficiency of digital images with respect to the analog images, validating the use of digital images and digital methods. / A investiga??o surge da constata??o da import?ncia que a ?rea de Ci?ncias da Computa??o exerce num processo de integra??o com as Ci?ncias da Sa?de na medida em que oferece possibilidades de mimetiza??o de fun??es org?nicas posto que propicia recursos tecnol?gicos para o apoio das pesquisas cient?ficas. Como estas pesquisas nas ?reas das Ci?ncias da Sa?de nem sempre podem ser realizadas com seres humanos por raz?es ?ticas e mesmo a utiliza??o de animais tem sido restringida, as inova??es tecnol?gicas fazem-se sempre mais necess?rias para o avan?o de tais pesquisas. Assim, esta tese tem por objetivo determinar se a visualiza??o de imagem vetorizada como metodologia digital resulta em mais efici?ncia e mais ampla utiliza??o em compara??o com a imagem anal?gica. A metodologia utilizada, contou com a participa??o de 210 alunos volunt?rios do curso de medicina da PUCRS, integrantes de tr?s turmas. Em cada turma, os alunos foram randomizados em dois grupos de 35 alunos, o grupo controle foi exposto a uma imagem anal?gica da divis?o do nervo ci?tico do rato, enquanto o grupo teste foi exposto a mesma imagem do nervo, vetorizada no programa Inkscape, em compara??o com uma fotografia da divis?o do nervo ci?tico, capturada por um microsc?pio eletr?nico. Cada grupo visualizou a imagem recebida, comparando-a com a imagem capturada do microsc?pio eletr?nico, identificando nesta imagem os nomes dos ramos do nervo ci?tico. Posteriormente o grupo controle visualizou imagens digitais para um p?s-teste e juntamente com o grupo teste responderam um question?rio de receptividade da metodologia. Utilizou-se o m?todo comparativo e estat?stico para efetuar as an?lises que comprovou a maior efici?ncia das imagens digitais em rela??o ?s imagens anal?gicas, validando-se a utiliza??o de imagens digitais e a metodologia digital.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-12-20T10:49:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_EDIANE_CANCI_COMPLETO.pdf: 1284175 bytes, checksum: 19de6c8d76beb1aba8a6a0a45f614c33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-20T10:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_EDIANE_CANCI_COMPLETO.pdf: 1284175 bytes, checksum: 19de6c8d76beb1aba8a6a0a45f614c33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / This dissertation investigates the format of Innovation Possibilities Function to the United States in the period of 1950 to 2011. Is used the theoretical model of Kennedy (1964) for the estimation of an econometric model series time between the growth rates of labor productivity and capital. The database used was the United States Long Term - USLT organized by Dumenil and Levy (1994). The results suggest that the Innovation Possibilities Function is compatible with the description of technical progress happened during the analysis period and point the existence of a trade-off between the growth rates of labor productivity and capital to the United States in the period in study. / A presente disserta??o investiga o formato da Fronteira de Possibilidades de Inova??o para os Estados Unidos no per?odo de 1950 a 2011. Utiliza-se o modelo te?rico de Kennedy (1964) para a estima??o de um modelo econom?trico de s?ries de tempo entre as taxas de crescimento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital. O banco de dados utilizado foi o United States Long Term ? USLT, organizado por Dumenil e L?vy (1994). Os resultados sugerem que a Fronteira de Possibilidades de Inova??o ? compat?vel com a descri??o do progresso t?cnico ocorrido no per?odo de an?lise e apontam a exist?ncia de um trade-off entre as taxas de crescimento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital para os Estados Unidos no per?odo em estudo.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix schenckii complex are responsible for sporotrichosis, important fungal infection with worldwide distribution. The anthropozoonotic characteristic is of high relevance in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where an increasing in the number of cases in human patients was observed in the last decades, highlighting the role of domestic cat as a transmitter agent. The description of new species compounding de Sporothrix genus, based on phenotypic and genotypic evaluations, showed the involvement of other members of this group in the epidemic status installed in Rio de Janeiro. The verification of strains resistant to itraconazole, a widely used antifungal in human and animal medicine for the treatment of this mycosis, is an important factor that possibly results in relapse and therapeutic failure of this disease. The present study aimed to identify, by phenotypic and molecular approaches, 168 isolates obtained from the routine of Veterinary Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ? UFRRJ, and the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B (AMB), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), terbinafine (TRB) and voriconazole (VRC). Based on morphophysiological characteristics it was possible to identify 159 (94.64%) isolates as S. brasiliensis and 9 (5.36%) as S. luriei. However, applying PCR-RFLP of calmodulin 168 (100%) samples were identified as S. brasilensis. The susceptibility test, based on M38-A2 document (CLSI), showed that TRB was the most effective antifungal tested, followed by ITC, KTC, AMB, and VRC, respectively. No ITC resistant isolates were detected in the present study. These results demonstrate that the identification reached only by phenotypic evaluation is not recommended for the characterization of Sporothrix schenckii complex components. It also proves the predominance of S. brasiliensis in other regions of RJ state. The better efficacy of TRB added to the absence of isolates resistant to ITC support the necessity of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies for the optimization of the therapeutic protocols. More information about isolates from dogs and cats correlated with the species from the S. schenckii complex, as well as in vitro antifungal efficacy evaluation provide knowledge about therapeutic alternatives. In this way, the present study also provides relevant information about the endemic status in Rio de Janeiro and important data for the treatment of human and animal sporotrichosis. / Fungos dim?rficos pertencentes ao complexo Sporothrix schenckii s?o respons?veis pela esporotricose, importante infec??o f?ngica que apresenta distribui??o mundial. Sua conhecida caracter?stica antropozoon?tica apresenta grande relev?ncia no estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde se verifica aumento significativo no n?mero de pacientes humanos e animais acometidos pela doen?a nas ?ltimas d?cadas, destacando-se em tais casos o papel do felino como agente transmissor. A descri??o de novas esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Sporothrix, baseada em caracter?sticas fenot?picas e genot?picas, demonstrou o envolvimento de outros componentes deste g?nero na epidemia instalada no estado. A verifica??o de isolados resistentes a itraconazol, antif?ngico amplamente utilizado na medicina humana e veterin?ria para o tratamento da doen?a, ? fato preocupante e tem poss?vel associa??o a recidivas e falhas terap?uticas. O presente estudo objetiva a identifica??o fenot?pica e genot?pica de 168 exemplares oriundos de pacientes felinos e caninos, obtidos na rotina do Diagn?stico Microbiol?gico Veterin?rio - UFRRJ, com determina??o da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) frente ? anfotericina B (AMB), cetoconazol (KTC), itraconazol (ITC), terbinafina (TRB) e voriconazol (VRC). A partir de caracter?sticas morfofisiol?gicas foi poss?vel identificar 159 (94,64%) isolados como S. brasiliensis e 9 (5,36%) como S. luriei. Contudo, metodologias moleculares identificaram 168 (100%) S. brasiliensis, a partir de PCR-RFLP em gene respons?vel pela s?ntese de calmodulina. O teste de sensibilidade, realizado a partir do documento M38-A2 (CLSI) determinou maior efic?cia in vitro para TRB, seguido por ITC, KTC, AMB e VRC, respectivamente. Cepas resistentes a ITC n?o foram detectadas no presente estudo. Tais resultados demonstram que a identifica??o alcan?ada exclusivamente por m?todos fenot?picos n?o ? recomendada para caracteriza??o de componentes do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Comprova-se ainda a predomin?ncia de S. brasiliensis em outras regi?es do estado do RJ. A maior efic?cia de TRB, somada a aus?ncia de exemplares resistentes a ITC, refor?a a necessidade de estudos farmacodin?micos e farmacocin?ticos para otimiza??o dos protocolos terap?uticos atualmente utilizados. Obten??o de maiores informa??es acerca dos isolados provenientes de amostras provenientes de c?es e gatos correlacionados a esp?cies dentro do complexo S. schenckii, bem como a avalia??o da efic?cia in vitro de antif?ngicos proporcionam conhecimento sobre alternativas terap?uticas. Tais informa??es auxiliam no entendimento do quadro instalado no estado do Rio de Janeiro e fornece dados de grande utilidade para o tratamento humano e veterin?rio

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Four outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting dairy cattle which consumed malted barley waste contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the municipalities of Valen?a, Paty do Alferes, and Barra Mansa, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, are described. In all farms, stored malted barley waste exhibited visible fungal contamination and only the animals that ingested the by-product got sick. Animals exhibited muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, ataxia, progressive paresis and paralysis, and marked weight loss. Affected animals were walking with knuckling of hindlimb fetlocks, and some would assume a sitting-dog position. When forced to move around, falls were frequent. There was marked decrease in milk production, even though appetite and thirst remained normal up to the moment of death or euthanasia. Clinical evolution varied from 1 to 16 days. From the animals that recovered, four remained with mild locomotor system sequelae. Morbidity varied between 41.42% and 73.08%, mortality between 33.33% and 69.23%, and lethality between 51.11% and 94.73%. Macroscopic alterations included focal pale areas on the myocardium, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor, pectineus, and Longissimus dorsi muscles. Histopathology was characterized by degenerative-necrotic alterations, tumefaction, vacuolation, and chromatolysis of neurons of cerebellar peduncle nuclei, base of the brain, medulla oblongata, and grey matter of the medulla (the H shape). At histology, muscular lesions were characterized by degeneration and coagulative necrosis, at times with incipient mineralization. In one of the bovines, there was also coagulative necrosis of the myocardium , and presumably, myoglobinuric nephrosis. Fungal culture of samples of malted brewer waste resulted in isolation and identification of A. clavatus. The clinical pathological picture was reproduced experimentally in sheep which consumed 40g/kg of malted brewer waste per day, which was collected from the two investigated farms; these animals developed clinical signs and microscopic lesions similar to those observed in bovines. We conclude that even though brewery by-products have a reasonable cost/benefit ratio for bovine feeding, there is a need to observe steps to avoid eventual poisoning and consequent economical losses / Descrevem-se quatro surtos de uma doen?a neurol?gica que afetou bovinos de aptid?o leiteira que consumiam ?cevada? (baga?o de malte) contaminada por Aspergillus clavatus nos munic?pios de Valen?a, Paty do Alferes e Barra Mansa, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em todas as propriedades, a cevada estocada apresentou vis?vel contamina??o f?ngica e somente os animais que ingeriram o subproduto adoeceram. A morbidade variou entre 41,42% e 73,08%, a mortalidade entre 33,33% e 69,23% e a letalidade entre 51,11% e 94,73%. Os animais evidenciaram tremores musculares, hiperestesia, ataxia, paresia e paralisia progressivas e marcada perda de peso. Os mais afetados caminhavam com apoio sobre os boletos flexionados e alguns assumiam a posi??o de "c?o sentado". Quando os animais eram for?ados a movimentarem-se, as quedas eram frequentes. Houve acentuada queda na produ??o leiteira, embora o apetite e a dipsia tenham se mantido normais at? pr?ximo ? morte ou ? eutan?sia. A evolu??o cl?nica variou de 1 a 16 dias. Dos animais que se recuperaram, quatro permaneceram com sequelas locomotoras leves. As altera??es macrosc?picas inclu?ram ?reas p?lidas focais na musculatura card?aca, m?sculos semitend?neo, semimembran?ceo, adutor, pect?neo e Longissimus dorsi. O quadro histopatol?gico caracterizou-se por altera??es degenerativo-necr?ticas, tumefa??o, vacuoliza??o e cromat?lise nos neur?nios dos n?cleos dos ped?nculos cerebelares, da base do c?rebro, da medula oblonga e do ?H? medular. Histologicamente, as les?es musculares caracterizaram-se por degenera??o e necrose coagulativa, com mineraliza??o, por vezes, incipiente. Em um bovino havia, adicionalmente, necrose coagulativa no mioc?rdio e nefrose mioglobin?rica. O cultivo micol?gico das amostras de cevada resultou no isolamento e identifica??o do fungo A. clavatus. O quadro cl?nico patol?gico foi reproduzido experimentalmente em ovinos que consumiram 40g/kg de cevada por dia, coletada de duas das propriedades investigadas; esses animais desenvolveram sinais cl?nicos e les?es microsc?picas, em grande parte, similares ?s observadas nos bovinos. Conclui-se que embora os res?duos da ind?stria cervejeira tenham razo?vel rela??o custo-benef?cio na alimenta??o de bovinos, ? necess?rio que se observem alguns cuidados para evitar eventuais intoxica??es e consequentes preju?zos econ?micos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of epidermal dehydration on the parasiticide effective of fipronil 10% ?spot on? in dogs artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis. For this, 24 Beagles were used, divided into four groups of six dogs each. The dogs on the control groups were not treated, while the dogs on the treated group I e II and III were treated with the formulation of 10% fipronil ??spot on??. The dogs on treated group I were submitted to weekly baths with neutral glycerin soap. The dogs on treated group II were submitted to 21 consecutive and daily baths with benzoyl peroxide 2,5% shampoo. Dogs treated group III were submitted to the same baths made in treated group II, however, undergo biweekly applications of lipid formulation (containing ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids), until the end of the study. The dogs in the control group, treated group I, treated group II and treated group III were infested with 50 pairs of C. felis felis. Infestations were performed on days -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47, +54 and, on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, fleas were mechanical removed and counted for evaluation. Pulicide efficacy for treated group I on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 76.25% and 72,47%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group II, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97.35%; 92.86%; 82.85% and 71.21%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group III, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99.49%; 28.23% and 27.53%. The comparative statistical analysis between the averages of live fleas, between the control and treated groups I and between the control group and treated II showed that there was a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days, after treatment. In the comparison between the control group and treated III, showed a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges until day 42. No more having significant difference (p?0,05) in the experimental day +49 and +56. Statistical analysis between the treated groups I and II and treated II and III showed that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days. The analysis of the treaty I and III, determined that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) until day 49, a significant difference (p?0,05) on day +56. Fipronil was effective in eliminating fleas on dogs until the day + 56 with no more residual protective effect when the animals were reinfested. The induced of epidermal dehydration, does not determined changes on the efficacy or decreased the residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs subjected to exposure of populations of C. felis felis,, through weekly infestations. This fact was confirmed since the lipid formulation of applications, were not able, in turn, to determine more effective and prolonged residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs undergoing exposure populations of C. felis felis on weekly infestation. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influ?ncia da desidrata??o epid?rmica sobre a efic?cia pulguicida do fipronil empregado por via t?pica em c?es. Foram utilizados 24 c?es da ra?a Beagle, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os c?es foram divididos em quatro grupos. Os c?es do grupo controle n?o receberam tratamento, enquanto que os c?es dos grupos tratados I, II e III receberam tratamento com formula??o de fipronil 10% ??spot on??. Os c?es do grupo tratado I foram submetidos a banhos semanais com sabonete de glicerina neutro. Os c?es do grupo tratado II foram submetidos a 21 dias de banhos consecutivos e di?rios com shampoo contendo per?xido de benzo?la 2,5%. Os c?es do grupo tratado III foram submetidos ao mesmo regime de banhos do grupo tratado II, por?m, nesses c?es, somou-se aos banhos, aplica??es quinzenais de formula??o lip?dica (contendo ceramidas, colesterol e ?cidos graxos), at? o t?rmino do estudo. Os c?es dos grupos controle, tratado I, tratado II e tratado III foram infestados com 50 casais de C. felis felis. As infesta??es foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47 e +54 e, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, realizou-se a retirada mec?nica e contagem de pulgas para avalia??o. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado I, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, foram, respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%, 100%; 76,25% e 72,47%. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado II, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97,35%; 92,86%; 82,85% e 71,21%. As efic?cias pulguicidas para o grupo tratado III, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99,49% e 28,23% e 27,53%. A an?lise estat?stica comparativa entre as m?dias de pulgas vivas, entre os grupos controle e tratado I e entre o grupo controle e tratado II, demonstrou que ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, ap?s o tratamento. J? na compara??o entre o grupo controle e tratado III, evidenciou-se diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios at? o dia +42. N?o mais havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia experimental +49 e +56. A an?lise estat?stica entre os grupos tratados I e II e tratado II e III demonstrou que n?o ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais. J? a an?lise entre o tratado I e III, determinou que n?o houve diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) at? o dia +49, havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia +56. O estudo foi encerrado no dia +56 j? que a efic?cia do fipronil nos grupos tratados I, II e III n?o apresentou mais efeito residual de prote??o quando os animais foram reinfestados. A desidrata??o epid?rmica induzida n?o determinou altera??o na efic?cia ou diminui??o do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis,, atrav?s de infesta??es semanais. Fato esse corroborado uma vez que, as aplica??es de formula??o lip?dica, n?o foram capazes, por sua vez, de determinar maior efic?cia ou prolongamento do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis., atrav?s de infesta??es semanais

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Drugs currently used in pain and inflammation are responsible for a large number of adverse effects, due to chronic use, producing in the patients a decrease of symptoms, but not an overall improvement in quality of life, therefore it is of extreme importance to search for new drugs. Piperine is the main active compound of black pepper (Piper nigrum), known in Brazil as black pepper, popularly used by several beneficial effects. Studies in vitro and in vivo show that piperine has functional involvement in antidepressant, hepatoprotective, anti-metastatic antiparasitic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. To improve the selectivity and potency, molecular changes were made in the piperine, obtaining the piperic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through of models of acute and chronic pain, and inflammation; a potential nociceptive and anti-inflammatory compound. In the model of writhing induced by acetic acid was observed a percentage inhibition of writhes of 77,9% compared to the control, in the highest dose tested (10mg / kg). In the formalin test, the compound inhibited both phases of the test, wich the dose of 10mg/kg The inhibitory effect was 30% in stage 1 and stage 2 at 67%. The increase in the latency time in tail flick test had an earlier action compared to morphine and the piperic acid increased the latency time in 58% in 80min time in relation to baseline. We investigated the possible pathways involved in the mechanism of action of the compound by prior administration of antagonists in the tail flick test. We found that the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, was able to completely inhibit the effect of the compound, demonstrating the involvement of the cholinergic pathway in the mechanism of action. The opioid and nitrergic pathways and the potassium channel ATPdependent are not involved in the mechanism of action, since these antagonists do not inhibit the effect of the compound. The compound was able to inhibit capsaicin-induced nociception, capsaicina is agonist TRPV1, in 45,34% demonstrating the involvement of TRPV1. The von Frey test evaluate allodynia after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve. In this test, the compound did not show antinociceptive activity with the doses tested. The open field test was used to determine the influence of the compound on the animal's mobility, and we observe that the action of the compound did not interfere on animal's motor performance. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated in models of inflammation induced by carrageenan. In the paw oedema test, the compound significantly reduced the oedema at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. In the air pouch test, we found that the leukocyte migration was reduced, as well as the production of TNF-? and IL-1?. The piperic acid was shown to be selective for COX-1 in the assessment of enzymatic activity of COX-1 and COX-2. We suggest that the effects of piperine can be mediated primarily through the portion of the molecule related to piperic acid / Os f?rmacos atualmente utilizados em dor e inflama??o s?o respons?veis por um grande n?mero de efeitos adversos, e devido ao uso cr?nico, fazem com que o paciente tenha uma diminui??o dos sintomas, mas n?o uma total melhoria da qualidade de vida, sendo assim ? de extrema import?ncia a busca por novos f?rmacos. A piperina ? o principal composto ativo da pimenta preta (Piper nigrum), mais conhecida no Brasil como pimenta do reino, popularmente utilizada por diversos efeitos ben?ficos. Estudos in vitro e in vivo demonstram que a piperina tem envolvimento funcional como antidepressivo, hepatoprotetor, antiparasit?rio antimetast?tico, antitiroidiano, imunomodulador, anti-inflamat?rio e analg?sico. A fim de produzir melhora em sua seletividade e pot?ncia, altera??es moleculares foram realizadas na piperina, obtendo-se ent?o o ?cido pip?rico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, atrav?s da execu??o de modelos experimentais de dor aguda, cr?nica e inflama??o, o potencial farmacol?gico antinociceptivo e anti-inflamat?rio do composto. No modelo de contor??es abdominais induzidas por ?cido ac?tico foi verificada um percentual de inibi??o das contor??es de 77,9% comparado ao controle, na maior dose testada (10mg/kg). No modelo da formalina o composto inibiu ambas as fases do modelo, com a dose de 10mg/kg o efeito inibit?rio chegou a 30% na 1? fase e 67% na 2? fase. O aumento do tempo de lat?ncia no modelo de retirada de cauda com o composto foi alcan?ado mais precocemente do que a morfina, o ACP aumentou o tempo de lat?ncia em 58% no tempo de 80 min comparado a linha de base na maior dose testada. Investigamos as poss?veis vias envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o do composto atrav?s da administra??o pr?via de antagonistas, no modelo de retirada de cauda. Verificamos que o antagonista de receptores muscar?nicos, atropina, foi capaz de inibir completamente o efeito do composto, demonstrando a participa??o da via colin?rgica no mecanismo de a??o. As vias opioide, nitr?rgica e o canal de pot?ssio dependente de ATP parecem n?o estar envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o, visto que os antagonistas destas vias n?o inibiram o efeito do composto. O composto inibiu a nocicep??o induzida pela capsaicina, que ? agonista de receptores TRPV1 em 45,34%, demonstrando envolvimento de TRPV1. No modelo de Von Frey avaliamos a alodinia ap?s a constri??o cr?nica do nervo ci?tico. Neste modelo, o composto n?o demonstrou atividade antinociceptiva nas doses testadas. O modelo de campo aberto foi usado para verificar a influ?ncia do composto sobre a mobilidade do animal, e observamos que o mesmo n?o interfere no desempenho motor do animal. A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi avaliada em modelos de inflama??o induzido por carragenina. No modelo de edema de pata, o composto reduziu o edema em 75% na dose de 10mg/kg. No modelo da bolsa de ar subcut?nea verificamos que a migra??o leucocit?ria foi reduzida assim como a produ??o de TNF-? e IL-1?. O ?cido pip?rico demonstrou ser seletivo para COX-1, na avalia??o da atividade enzim?tica de COX-1 e COX-2. Podemos sugerir que os efeitos da piperina podem ser mediados atrav?s da por??o da mol?cula referente ao ?cido pip?rico.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / CAPES / Between the period from march 2013 to november 2016 were collected and analyzed 195 specimens of hosts belonging to 25 species of actinopterygian fishes in Brazil, with the objective of perform a taxonomic study of your parasitic monogeneans and copepods. Two species of monogeneans, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 and S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 were described from two cichlids from the Araguar? River, State of Amap?, northern Brazil; in addition to the new species, new host and geographical records of six dactylogyrid monogeneans from cichlid fishes are presented from the Araguar? River and the Xing? River, State of Par?, Brazil. Two copepods of the family Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 and Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasites in the Upeneus parvus (Poey) and Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectively, in the litoral of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described and illustrated; In addition, an amendment diagnosis of the genus Leposphilus is provided based on the characters found in the present work. The copepod Hatschekia sp. n. is described based specimens collected on the haemulid fishes Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) and A. surinamensis (Bloch) in the Bay of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, being this the first species of the family Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 described from the coast of Brazil. Beyond the descriptions s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; Are provided new information about 15 species of parasitic copepods found on 12 marine species of fishes in Brazil; these data including 12 new host records, eight new geographical records (locality) and first record of the genera Cresseyus and Pseudochondracanthus in the western South Atlantic. / Entre o per?odo de mar?o de 2013 a novembro de 2016 foram coletados e analisados 195 esp?cimes de hospedeiros pertencentes a 25 esp?cies de peixes actinopter?geos no Brasil, com objetivo de realizar um estudo taxonomico de seus monogen?ticos e cop?podes parasitas. Duas esp?cies de monogen?ticos, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 e S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 foram descritas a partir de dois ciclideos do rio Araguar?, Estado do Amap?, norte do Brasil; al?m das duas esp?cies, foram apresentados novos registros de hospedeiros e geogr?ficos de seis monogen?ticos dactilogir?deos a partir de peixes ciclideos do rio Araquari e do rio Xing?, Estado do Par?, Brasil. Dois cop?podes da fam?lia Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 e Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasitas de Upeneus parvus (Poey) e Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectivamente, do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram descritas e ilustradas; ademais uma altera??o do diagn?stico gen?rico de Leposphilus ? fornecido com base nos caracteres encontrados no presente trabalho. O cop?pode Hatschekia sp. n. ? descrita e ilustrada a partir de esp?cimes coletados dos peixes haemulideos Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) e A. surinamensis (Bloch) provenientes da Ba?a de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sendo esta a primeira esp?cie da fam?lia Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 descrita a partir do litoral do Brasil. Al?m das descri??es s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; estes dados incluem 12 novos registros de hospedeiros, 08 novos geogr?ficos (de localidade) e primeiros registros dos g?neros Cresseyus e Pseudochondracanthus no oeste do Atl?ntico Sul.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / The state of Rio de Janeiro is in the national and international route of the traffic of wild animals. The numbers of apprehensions in this state are raised and the CETAS-RJ receives a great number of animals per year. Projects of release and reintroduction of wild animals combined with scientific research must gain space so that destination of these animals to the natural environment can occur in an objective way. The objective of the study was to develop procedures for release, with individuals of Aratinga leucophthalma species, taking in consideration behavior characteristics, the social structure, the alimentary habits and to accomplish the monitoring of the animals during the release and the post-release, looking for results that come to aid in future projects. The work was accomplished at three different places: the CETAS-RJ, ocurred the handling before the release and the study of the feeding in captivity; the campus of the UFRRJ, where field work related with the feeding in free life was don; and in the RPPN S?o Benedito Farm in Rio Claro-RJ, where the release and the post-release monitoring ocurred. The work was accomplished between September 2008 and July 2010. The handling before the release was done by the preparation of a nursery to house 30 animals. The animals were grouped by flight capacity and domestication level. This stage was also composed by the accomplishment of clinical and labs exams, individual demarcation of the animals through rings and sexing exam. Of the selected animals there was prevalence of males. According to the clinical exams was not verified any aspect to make unfeasible the work. The study of the feeding in captivity was made through analysis of the supplied food and the amount of leftovers, verifying the preference through the alimentary behavior. Preference of the birds was revealed by the sunflower seed and the need of the maintenance and elaboration of new balanced diets appropriated to release programs. The field work tried to describe the alimentary items of species from the Psittacidae family. The importance of exotic vegetable species was revealed as food source for birds of the Psittacidae family in the campus. From the ten alimentary items observed only three were from native species. The release was accomplished by the model of soft release, after a period of acclimatization in the release area, which preceded the opening of the nursery. After the opening of the nursery a food support was maintained inside and outside of the nursery and the monitoring was accomplished collecting data in daily accomp. The birds went increasing gradually the distance traveled after the release and they were incorporating themselves to groups from the area. The soft release model used in this work guaranteed the success in the process of rehabilitation of these birds. The food supports maintained after the opening of the nursery were extremely important to guarantee the nutrition of the birds during the first days after the release, and to give them strength for recognition of the area and to look for new food sources. / O Rio de Janeiro est? na rota nacional e internacional do tr?fico de animais silvestres. S?o elevados os n?meros de apreens?es realizadas nesse estado e o CETAS-RJ recebe um grande n?mero de animais por ano. Projetos de soltura e reintrodu??o de animais silvestres, aliados a pesquisas cient?ficas devem ganhar espa?o nesse cen?rio para que o retorno desses animais ? natureza ocorra de forma objetiva e segura. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver procedimentos para soltura, atrav?s de experimentos com indiv?duos da esp?cie Aratinga leucophthalma, levando em considera??o suas caracter?sticas comportamentais, estrutura social, h?bitos alimentares e ainda, realizar o monitoramento dos animais durante a soltura e o per?odo p?s-soltura, buscando resultados que venham auxiliar futuros projetos. O trabalho foi realizado em tr?s locais diferentes sendo eles: o CETAS-RJ, onde ocorreu o manejo antes da soltura e o estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro; o campus da UFRRJ, onde foi feito o trabalho de campo relacionado com a alimenta??o em vida livre; e a RPPN Fazenda S?o Benedito em Rio Claro-RJ, onde ocorreu a soltura e o monitoramento p?s-soltura. O per?odo de desenvolvimento do projeto foi entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2010. O manejo pr?soltura foi constitu?do pelo preparo de um viveiro para alojar 30 indiv?duos de A. leucophthalma. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de v?o e o n?vel de domestica??o. Esta etapa foi composta ainda pela realiza??o de exames cl?nicos e laboratoriais, pela marca??o individual dos animais atrav?s de anilhas e a sexagem. Dos animais selecionados, houve predom?nio de machos em rela??o a f?meas. No tocante a exames cl?nicos realizados, n?o foi constatado nenhum aspecto que pudesse inviabilizar o trabalho. O estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro foi feito atrav?s da an?lise do alimento fornecido e a quantidade de sobra, verificando a prefer?ncia atrav?s do comportamento alimentar. Foi revelada prefer?ncia das aves pela semente de girassol e a necessidade da manuten??o e elabora??o de novas dietas balanceadas, voltadas para programas de soltura. O trabalho de campo buscou descrever os itens alimentares de esp?cies da fam?lia Psittacidae. Foi revelada a import?ncia de esp?cies vegetais ex?ticas como fonte de alimento para aves da fam?lia Psittacidae no campus da UFRRJ. Dos dez itens alimentares observados apenas tr?s eram provenientes de esp?cies nativas. A soltura foi realizada pelo modelo de soltura branda, ap?s um per?odo de aclimata??o na ?rea de soltura, que antecederam a abertura do viveiro. Foram mantidos suportes alimentares dentro e fora do viveiro durante a soltura e o monitoramento, que foi realizado atrav?s de acompanhamento di?rio e coleta de dados. As aves foram gradualmente aumentando as dist?ncias percorridas ap?s a soltura e foram se incorporando a bandos da regi?o. O modelo de soltura branda, utilizado neste trabalho, garantiu sucesso no processo de reintrodu??o dessas aves. Os suportes alimentares mantidos ap?s a abertura do viveiro foram de fundamental import?ncia para garantir a nutri??o das aves nos primeiros dias ap?s a soltura, dar-lhes for?as para reconhecimento da ?rea em que foram soltas bem como buscar novas fontes de alimento.