The article is meant to delve further "Taiyishengshui". In the discussion text main concept - "Tai-yi", "to give birth to", "the water"... Center does meaning contain why in "Taiyishengshui"?

A geração de expressão de referência (GER) é um dos principais componentes de aplicações de geração de língua natural a partir de dados não linguísticos. Trabalhos existentes nesta área tendem a se concentrar em domínios bidimensionais e tridimensionais simples. Domínios mais realistas, entretanto, ainda são pouco explorados pela literatura, possivelmente pela dificuldade em produzir modelos computacionais com o grau de complexidade exigido. O recente surgimento de aplicações baseadas em ambientes interativos tridimensionais, todavia, oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades de pesquisa em GER. Nesse trabalho apresentamos um algoritmo de GER para seleção de atributos espaciais em ambientes interativos tridimensionais do tipo GIVE. A solução proposta é uma extensão de um algoritmo de GER tradicional que utiliza relações espaciais combinado com conhecimento linguístico extraído de corpora e modelos computacionais de referência espacial. Essa solução foi avaliada de forma intrínseca no domínio de instruções em mundos virtuais. / Referring expressions generation (REG) is one of the main components in the generation of Natural Language from non-linguistic data. Existing work in the eld tends to focus on simple two- or three-dimensional domains. More realistic domains, however, are still little investigated, possibly due to the diculties in producing computational models with the required degree of complexity. The recent rise of applications based on three-dimensional interactive environments, however, oers a wide range of research opportunities in REG. In this work we present a REG algorithm for selecting spatial attributes in three-dimensional interactive environments GIVE. The proposed solution is an extension of a traditional REG algorithm that makes use of spatial relations combined with linguistic knowledge extracted from corpora and computational models of spatial reference. The proposal was evaluated intrinsically in the domain of instructions generation in virtual worlds.

A geração de expressão de referência (GER) é um dos principais componentes de aplicações de geração de língua natural a partir de dados não linguísticos. Trabalhos existentes nesta área tendem a se concentrar em domínios bidimensionais e tridimensionais simples. Domínios mais realistas, entretanto, ainda são pouco explorados pela literatura, possivelmente pela dificuldade em produzir modelos computacionais com o grau de complexidade exigido. O recente surgimento de aplicações baseadas em ambientes interativos tridimensionais, todavia, oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades de pesquisa em GER. Nesse trabalho apresentamos um algoritmo de GER para seleção de atributos espaciais em ambientes interativos tridimensionais do tipo GIVE. A solução proposta é uma extensão de um algoritmo de GER tradicional que utiliza relações espaciais combinado com conhecimento linguístico extraído de corpora e modelos computacionais de referência espacial. Essa solução foi avaliada de forma intrínseca no domínio de instruções em mundos virtuais. / Referring expressions generation (REG) is one of the main components in the generation of Natural Language from non-linguistic data. Existing work in the eld tends to focus on simple two- or three-dimensional domains. More realistic domains, however, are still little investigated, possibly due to the diculties in producing computational models with the required degree of complexity. The recent rise of applications based on three-dimensional interactive environments, however, oers a wide range of research opportunities in REG. In this work we present a REG algorithm for selecting spatial attributes in three-dimensional interactive environments GIVE. The proposed solution is an extension of a traditional REG algorithm that makes use of spatial relations combined with linguistic knowledge extracted from corpora and computational models of spatial reference. The proposal was evaluated intrinsically in the domain of instructions generation in virtual worlds.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life for patients treated at Give Kids a Smile. Methods: Participants were asked to complete a 25-question survey regarding their child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), with answers ranked on a 0 to 4 point scale. Results: A total of 78 questionnaires were completed, with the mean score of 5.19. Conclusions: Give Kids a Smile was created to treat children with unmet oral healthcare needs, therefore it was hypothesized that the OHRQoL for the children treated would be negatively impacted and thus this score high. This was not demonstrated in the current study and these findings could be due to a variety of factors, including relying on the parent to report the child’s symptoms as well as low oral health literacy for parents completing the questionnaires.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_cr_dr_prud.pdf: 7725475 bytes, checksum: 7556eafce637936e645a266c88f16618 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O efeito da ionosfera é a maior fonte de erro sistemático nos sinais transmitidos pelos satélites do GNSS (Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite), o qual afeta principalmente a acurácia do posicionamento e navegação pelo GNSS quando se utiliza de receptores de simples frequência. Este erro sistemático é diretamente proporcional ao TEC (Conteúdo Total de Elétrons) presente ao longo do caminho percorrido pelo sinal na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da frequência deste sinal. Devido à natureza dispersiva da ionosfera, o TEC pode ser determinado a partir das observáveis coletadas com receptores GNSS de dupla frequência, possibilitando o monitoramento e a modelagem da ionosfera. Atualmente, os usuários de receptores de simples frequência podem corrigir o erro sistemático devido à ionosfera utilizando modelos como o de Klobuchar, o NeQuick, os GIMs (Mapas Globais da Ionosfera), entre outros. Neste trabalho é apresentado um método para gerar uma Grade Ionosférica (GI) e seu nível de confiança (GIVE), a fim de melhorar a acurácia em aplicações de posicionamento e navegação pelo GNSS, além de fornecer... / The effect of the ionosphere is the largest error source on the L band signals broadcasted by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) satellites, which mainly affects the accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation when a single frequency receiver is used. The systematic error due to the ionosphere is directly proportional to TEC (Total Electron Content) along the signal path and inversely proportional to the square of the transmitting frequency. Due to the ionosphere’s dispersive nature, TEC can be determined with dual frequency GNSS measurements, allowing the modeling and monitoring of the ionosphere. Currently, users of single frequency receivers can correct the systematic error due to the ionosphere using models such as Klobuchar, the NeQuick the GIMs (Global Ionosphere Maps), and others. This work presents a proposed method to generate an Ionospheric Grid (GI) and Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error (GIVE), which can be used to improve the accuracy ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Syfte: Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för vilken roll ett företags identitet och image har för valet av profilreklam. Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ undersökning där en fallstudie har gjorts av två stycken företag/organisationer som är köpare av profilreklam samt deras profilföretag. En tvärsnittsstudie har sedan gjorts av mottagaren av profilreklam. Resultat: Ett företags identitet och image har stor betydelse för valet av profilreklam, framförallt företagets strategi, kultur, design och marknadskommunikation. Begränsningar: Studien har endast undersökt två svenska företag/organisationer och deras profilföretag om hur de arbetar med att ta fram profilreklam. Praktiska implikationer: Resultatet i studien kan användas för att ta fram profilreklam som syftar till att stärka ett företags image som varumärke. Originalitet: Många forskare har undersökt företags identitet och image samtidigt som många har undersökt profilreklam i olika aspekter men få studier har kombinerat dessa två och sett vilken betydelse ett företags identitet och image har för valet av profilreklam. Nyckelord: Företagsvarumärke, företagsidentitet, företagsimage, presentreklam, profilreklam, give-aways. / Objective: The main purpose of this study is to get an understanding of what purpose a corporate identity and image has for the choice of promotional products. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research and a case study has been made of two companies/organizations as buyers of promotional products and their profile companies. A cross-sectional study has been made of the receivers of promotional products. Results: A corporate identity and image have a big impact on the choice of promotional products, especially the company’s strategy, culture, design and market communication. Limitations: The study have only researched two Swedish companies/organizations and their profile companies on how they choice promotional products. Practical implications: The result in this study can be used to choose promotional products for the purpose to strengthen a company’s brand. Originality: Many researchers have studied corporate identity and image and many have studied promotional products in different aspects, but few have studied the combination of the two and looked at the meaning corporate identity and image has for the choice of promotional products. Keywords: Corporate brand, corporate identity, corporate image, promotional products, give-aways.

Syftet med denna studie är att granska hur man som nautiker skall framföra sitt fartyg med hänsyn tagen till säkerheten och sjövägsreglerna i en korsande situation där ett väjningsskyldigt fartyg inte väjer. Vi genomförde en fallstudie bestående av en simulatorövning för ovetande styrmän och semistrukturerade intervjuer med nautiker från Stena Line, Scandlines och Wallenius. Genom att testa intervjurespondenternas lösningar i fartygssimulatorn på Sjöbefälsskolan i Kalmar kom vi fram till för- och nackdelar med olika sätt att agera. Vi har fått en ökad förståelse för hur sjövägsreglerna bör tillämpas i korsande situationer som vi vill att läsaren ska kunna tillgodogöra sig genom att läsa vårt arbete. Styrmännen som intervjuades berättade att de upplever att det är vanligt med fartyg som inte följer sjövägsreglerna. / The purpose of this study is to examine how a Navigating Officer should pilot his vessel safely while taking the Collision Regulations (COLREGs) into account whilst in a crossing situation in which a give-way vessel does not give way. We have examined how these situations can be solved by obtaining qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with Navigating Officers from Stena Line, Scandlines and Wallenius. All the officers whom we have interviewed told us that, in their experience, it is common to meet a ship that does not follow the COLREGs. By putting our respondents’ solutions to the test in the ship simulator at Kalmar Maritime Academy we were able to conclude the pros and cons of different approaches to the problem arising in a crossing situation when a give-way vessel coming from port does not give way. Through this process we (the writers) have gained a better understanding as to how the COLREGS should be applied in crossing situations and we hope that all readers can assimilate this knowledge by reading our thesis.

Orientador: Paulo de Oliveira Camargo / Banca: Aluir Porfírio Dal Poz / Banca: Marcelo Tomio Matsuoka / Banca: Edvaldo Simões da Fonseca Junior / Banca: Mauricio Alfredo Gende / Resumo: O efeito da ionosfera é a maior fonte de erro sistemático nos sinais transmitidos pelos satélites do GNSS (Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite), o qual afeta principalmente a acurácia do posicionamento e navegação pelo GNSS quando se utiliza de receptores de simples frequência. Este erro sistemático é diretamente proporcional ao TEC (Conteúdo Total de Elétrons) presente ao longo do caminho percorrido pelo sinal na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da frequência deste sinal. Devido à natureza dispersiva da ionosfera, o TEC pode ser determinado a partir das observáveis coletadas com receptores GNSS de dupla frequência, possibilitando o monitoramento e a modelagem da ionosfera. Atualmente, os usuários de receptores de simples frequência podem corrigir o erro sistemático devido à ionosfera utilizando modelos como o de Klobuchar, o NeQuick, os GIMs (Mapas Globais da Ionosfera), entre outros. Neste trabalho é apresentado um método para gerar uma Grade Ionosférica (GI) e seu nível de confiança (GIVE), a fim de melhorar a acurácia em aplicações de posicionamento e navegação pelo GNSS, além de fornecer ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The effect of the ionosphere is the largest error source on the L band signals broadcasted by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) satellites, which mainly affects the accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation when a single frequency receiver is used. The systematic error due to the ionosphere is directly proportional to TEC (Total Electron Content) along the signal path and inversely proportional to the square of the transmitting frequency. Due to the ionosphere's dispersive nature, TEC can be determined with dual frequency GNSS measurements, allowing the modeling and monitoring of the ionosphere. Currently, users of single frequency receivers can correct the systematic error due to the ionosphere using models such as Klobuchar, the NeQuick the GIMs (Global Ionosphere Maps), and others. This work presents a proposed method to generate an Ionospheric Grid (GI) and Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error (GIVE), which can be used to improve the accuracy ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Studiens syfte är att undersöka förskollärares förhållningssätt kring taluppfattning samt barns förståelse för kardinaltalsprincipen. Delstudie 1 genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex förskollärare. Teorin som användes vid analysen av intervjumaterialet var fenomenografi med begreppet andra ordningens perspektiv, där tolkning blev centralt utifrån deltagarnas uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att de förskollärare som ingick i studien har en positiv inställning och ett liknande förhållningssätt till ämnet matematik. Begreppet grundläggande talbegrepp upplevdes svårdefinierat av samtliga förskollärare. När det kommer till matematik på förskolan ser majoriteten av deltagarna att det matematiska lärandet främst uppkommer i det spontana arbetet, då det finns i material och rutiner. Samtidigt kan det tolkas finnas viss planerad matematik i det som benämns spontant. Förskollärarna har ingen djupare kännedom om det bredare matematiska utrymmet i den reviderade Lpfö18. De upplever också de matematiska strävansmålen som tolkningsbara, med skilda åsikter. Delstudie 2 genomfördes genom samtalsfrågor och Give-a-numberuppdrag i två barngrupper, med åldrarna tre till fem år. Teorin av Sarnecka et al. om olika number-knower-levels användes vid analys av resultaten från uppdragen, för att se barnens förståelse för grundläggande talbegrepp och kardinaltalsprincipen. Resultatet visade att barnen använde språket och sina erfarenheter för att delge sina matematiska kunskaper.Ingen av barnen befann sig i pre-number-knower nivån, fyra barn befann sig i subset-knower nivån och slutligen befann sig sju barn i cardinal-principle-knower nivån. Barnen i den sista nivån visade förståelse för kardinaltalsprincipen. Avslutningsvis fanns det under uppdragen och i samtalen med barnen en viss variation i uppvisad kunskap, beroende på individuella och socioekonomiska faktorer.

The focus of this thesis was to use serious games as a tool to teach about obligation to give notice. Obligation to give notice means that certain professionals need to report to social services if a child is being harmed. This thesis studied if case-based storytelling could bring a relevant teaching experience, if storytelling could help participants learn about obligation to give notice and how instant and delayed feedback affect the learning. Participants played a story-based game with either instant or delayed feedback and answered three questionnaires about obligation to give notice. The study found that participants did find that the storytelling was useful for learning and gaining more knowledge about about obligation to give notice. For the feedback it was found that both types of feedback made the participants learn significantly more but there was no significant difference when comparing the feedbacks to each other.