<p>When a leader changes to a new post in another kind of organisational culture, what happens then? Could a leader use the same kind of leadership when leading different kinds of groups? Different cultures have different needs and ways to handle things and in the end it all comes to situational leadership. Both leaders and theorists claim that the leader must adjust to what the organisation and its members needs. This paper contains an inquiry of how officers have handled their new assignments as leaders in the civilian world of the municipality. The research shows that a former military leader must also be able to lead another kind of group if they change to a civilian career. A heterogeneous group demands more of the leader. It is necessary that the leader has the ability to use situational leadership, as a military approach often is not welcome in other parts of the community. The leaders must therefore adjust to the organisational culture in the environment where they work. The conclusion of the inquiry is that the officers have been well educated and have an ability to use situational leadership successful also in a civilian working environment.</p> / <p>Då Försvarsmakten avvecklat många av sina förband, så har därmed de officerare som velat kvarstanna på hemorten fått söka sig till den civila arbetsmarknaden. Av de officerare som stannade på Gotland efter nedläggningen av de gotländska förbanden var det många som blev chefer i civila organisationer. Undersökningen för denna uppsats har fokuserats kring några av dessa chefer, som nu arbetar inom Gotlandskommun, och deras ledarskap. Organisationskulturen påverkar ledarskapet och en ledare som kommer till en nymiljö måste anpassa sig till den nya kulturen och till hur medlemmarna hanterar saker i denna. Uppsatsen undersöker hur före detta officerare använder sig av sitt ledarskap från den militära miljön när de blir chefer inom den offentliga sektorn och tvåfrågor ställs: Hur organisationen och dess kultur påverkar den nya ledaren och hans ledarskap respektive hur ledarna uppfattar den nya organisationens förväntningar på dem. Syftet med undersökningen är att synliggöra för- och nackdelar den militära bakgrunden har vad gäller att leda en mer heterogen grupp samt att ge en bild av hur ledarens egen uppfattning om hur detta ledarskap tas emot av den civila organisationen. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ fallstudie som baserats på intervjuer med sex personer där analysens fokus har lagts på ledaren och organisationskultur. Analysen har gjorts genom kodning av intervjumaterialet där generella åsikter tagits fram. De teoretiska referensramarna pekar på att det är skillnader på olika organisationer och deras kulturer. Även de intervjuade cheferna anser att de märker stor skillnad mellan de olika organisationstyperna och deras kulturer. Centrala lärdomar som återkommer i uppsatsen är att ledaren måste anpassa sig till den nya kulturen samt att ledaren måste klara av att behärska ett situationsanpassat ledarskap. Resultatet är tänkt att kunna vara en vägledning för personer som exempelvis kommer att byta arbetsmiljö till nya organisationskulturer eller som är chefer och kommer att få in nya personer från annorlunda organisationskulturer till sin egen organisation.</p>

<p>This paper concerns the treatment of people at execution places and it is focusing on Gotland and the execution place called Galgberget. The material in the paper comes from Galgberget and a gallow in Denmark called Slots Bjergby. Together with this the laws of Gotland during the medieval and later periods are discussed and also how the archaeological material (especially the buttons) found on the excavation site can help to understand the people buried on the gallow site. The result of the analysis shows that the laws and the material found on the excavation site often tells different things. The punishments are often softer then what the law says. The material is also suggesting that it was possible to gain a better place on the execution site and that the many execution places in Visby were used for different kinds of punishments.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to investigate which criteria that can be used to locate execution sites on the island of Gotland, Sweden. The execution sites, which are used to test the criteria against, range in date from early medieval period to 1876 when the last public execution in Sweden took place. Why these criteria can be used will be discussed along with attempts to explain why they have been used frequently or not so frequent. The results show that the execution sites are most commonly located in clear view, near roads, on heights and on unfertile soil. Other criteria that appears less frequent, but that still can be used in the process of locating execution sites, are graves, crossroads and boarders.

The main aim of this research is to survey the general colour scheme for private dwellings inVisby, built 1860–1930. During this period the visual appearance of the town of Visby changedsubstantially, since the increased local production of lime led to the plastering of many woodenbuildings. Which colour schemes were chosen for the different building types of the historic centreof Visby, and which colours came to dominate the time period? The methods used for answeringthese questions have partly been field studies on site and sampling of selected buildings, andpartly critical reading and observation of iconographic material (paintings, drawings, aquarelles,postcards and photographs). The field study includes about 45 objects, in which a number ofsamples are taken from each building element (mouldings, plaster, windows and doors). Thesamples were first analysed ocularly as cross sections. A selection of cross sections have then beenanalysed by means of scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show a unitary colourscheme, based on earth pigment and carbon black. The dwellings erected during the 19th centuryin Visby, represent a significant part of its building stock, and the lack of scientifically groundedresearches makes implementation of adequate maintenance difficult. It also appears that a largenumber of these dwellings have recently been (or are soon to be) restored, causing a serious lossof primary source of information, as well as affecting town and streetscape with new colourings.

Eastern Europeans in Gotland is an essay with the purpose to find out how persons born in Eastern Europeans countries have adapted and integrated on Gotland. European community and notions about other groups of immigrants on Gotland have been relevant questions besides. The results of the essay show that the conditions for adaptation and integration are very different between the periods of time and for the individuals, depending on how they arrived to Sweden. The migrant workers quickly adapted to the labour market and had good premises to be in a position of financial independence. The demands of skills were low in the 60’s, but as a result of this, many of them didn’t learn the Swedish language very well and during the crisis in the 90’s they were no longer that attractive on the labour market. My essay also shows that most Eastern Europeans today are more aware of the benefits of their origin countries now becoming members of the EU, compared to immigrants from other parts of the world, they consider themselves to have better chances on the labour market and in the society on Gotland.  A curious observation is that the immigrants on Gotland are not automatically seen as “the others” in the society; the local population more likely distinguish “the islanders” and “the mainlanders”. / Östeuropéer på Gotland är en empirisk studie med syfte att ta reda på hur personer som har sina rötter i Östeuropeiska länder har anpassas och integreras på Gotland. Det har även varit relevant att ställa frågor om europeisk gemenskap samt föreställningar om andra invandrargrupper i det gotländska samhället. Uppsatsens resultat visar att förutsättningar för anpassning och integration skiljer sig avsevärt mellan de undersökta tidsperioderna och för individerna, beroende på hur de kom in i landet. Medan de flesta arbetskraftsinvandrare anpassades snabbt på arbetsmarknaden och hade de bästa premisser för att bli ekonomiskt oberoende i samhället, hade de flesta flyktingar under slutet av 1980- och början 1990-talet det väldigt svårt att hitta ett arbete överhuvudtaget. Min studie visar även att de flesta östeuropéer idag är mer medvetna om de fördelar som finns nu, när deras ursprungsländer har blivit/blir medlemmar i EU och att i en jämförelse med utomeuropeiska invandrargrupper, anser de flesta, att det är just de som har bättre förutsättningar för att komma in i det gotländska samhälls- och arbetslivet. En kuriös observation är att invandrarna på Gotland inte ses direkt som ”de andra” i samhället; den lokala befolkningen drar gränserna i första hand mellan ”gotlänningar” och ”fastlänningar” .

This essay discuss if Bronze Age cult houses were present at Gotland during the Bronze Age. Bronze Age cult houses are a well know phenomenon on mainland Sweden but because of inventory problems no Bronze Age cult houses have been found on Gotland. The main reason for the inventory problems are the Iron Age house foundations that are present in a large number on Gotland, the cult houses and the Iron Age houses have some design details that makes them difficult to separate from each other. In this essay a number of criteria are presented to help separate cult houses from the Iron Age house foundations. Three criteria’s regarding cult houses on Gotland is also presented in this essay. Two house foundations that PhD student Joakim Wehlin, University of Gothenburg and Gotland University, found in Vallstena parish, Gotland, are presented in this essay. This two house foundations have design details that separate them from Iron Age houses and their location in the landscape suggest that they are not typical Iron Age houses. During the investigation of the Vallstena houses a phosphate mapping, a inventory of the houses and their surroundings and a mapping of the houses and their surroundings were performed to help determined the function of the houses.

The castle Vivesholm is located about two miles north of Klintehamn on the west side of Gotland. The castle was built around year 1395 and burned down in the end of the 14thcentury. Around the 17th and the 18th century the castle was re-used. However, the emphasis on its use is during the middle ages. This paper aims at getting an insight in the animal husbandry at Vivesholm by analyzing the osteological material. The analysis revealed that bones from sheep/goat were more common than bones from cattle. This means the inhabitants most probably eat meat from smaller herbivores more often than meat from cattle. Pigs have also been consumed at the castle but not in the same extent as sheep/goat and cattle. Hunting as well as fishing hasn’t had a significant role for the inhabitants of Vivesholm, at least not in terms of bones found from e.g. game and fish. The inhabitants of the castle probably had its own stock but also a supply of meat products from elsewhere. Further aim with this paper was to illustrate the use of the house foundations at Vivesholm. For this, the result from the osteological analysis was compared with the archaeological finds. The analysis revealed that Vivesholm probable were built to be in use for a long period, but when the castle was burned down in the end of the 14thcentury, the castle had an abrupt end. The different foundations, both within and outside the dyke, have been interpreted into a smithy, a storehouse, a house for cooking and a lodging house. Inside the northern parts of the castle there was a place for butchery and most of the osteological material comes from this place.

The Pitted ware dwelling site Ajvide on the west coast of Gotland in the Baltic Sea is, because of its long continuity from the late Mesolithic to the middle of the Scandinavian Bronze Age, an interesting research object concerning Stone Age in the Baltic area. In this essay, a comparison between two activity areas on Ajvide have been carried out in the purpose of finding out what these areas may have been used for during the middle Neolithic.  It has been showed, through zooarchaeological analyses of animal bones, that the areas most likely are depositing sites for slaughters refuse and food debris. If it is a result of everyday or more ceremonial activities is left undetermined.

The wind power increase of Gotland as well as other parts of Sweden during the last ten year period has meant that this renewable energy source has increased its share over other fossil sources. The year of 2011 became the first when the wind power produced more energy than an average nuclear reactor. Now that wind power is in an expansive phase, the land issue will be of great interest. Land with good wind resources will be of interest to wind energy developers.  The problems that this essay is based on are; how can landowners altering the economic conditions at a wind power establishment? What opportunities and obstacles exist for landowners who choose to set up wind power on their land? The purpose of this essay is to highlight the economic conditions that exist for landowners for the establishment of wind farms, with regard to compensation for the leasing and return on invested capital. The authors will also clarify the difficulties and opportunities arising from the process at an imaginary wind power establishment, which have emerged through interviews and research articles. The primary sources consist of interviews with actors for a planned wind farm in southeast Gotland, as well as representatives of a trade association of companies working with wind power. Interviews were also made with a bank, where the experience in question funding for wind energy has been important for our problem as well with a wind turbine manufacturer for real facts about wind turbines.  Landowner’s interest in wind energy as a long term investment has in Lau on Gotland resulted in a project where local landowners have chosen to form a joint company to invest in a wind farm, with the goal that the park generally will be owned by local residents in the parish. Conclusions to be drawn from this study is that landowners who form a joint company, in this case Lau Wind AB will open an opportunity for landowners to take a larger share of the ownership and profits as wind power turbines on their land supplies. But also for locals who have opportunity to become owners of the wind through the purchase of shares in wind farm.

This masters essay studies the stone cist phenomenon during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age on the island of Gotland. The aim of the study is to understand the importance of the stone cist in society during this period, as well as attempting to categorize the stone cists located on the island. It can be argued that society during this period was a agricultural, highly hierarchical society with indications of a power center at the west northwestern parts of the island. Stone cists can be seen having different contexts involving number of individuals, location and features connected to the cist.An osteological study has also been performed on the skeletal material from the stone cist Alskog 48:1, with the aim of getting further knowledge regarding number of individuals and the age and sex distribution of those individuals. As well as questions regarding the stone cist construction and dating. The bone material presented 26 individuals, contrary to the 15 individuals which was initially identified during the excavation. These 26 individuals were of all ages, both male and female, with a slight majority of males. The stone cist which is a natural roofless cave, a natural cist, can according to the criteria defining a stone cist, be regarded as a stone cist and not another construction. / Denna magisteruppsats behandlar hällkistor under senneolitikum och äldre bronsålder på Gotland. Frågeställningar kring hällkistans betydelse i samhället under denna tid diskuteras, samt om det är möjligt att producera en kategorisering av hällkistor. Hällkistan har varit en viktig del i det senneolitiska - äldre bronsålders samhället, utifrån dessa går det identifiera ett agrikulturellt starkt hierarkiskt samhälle med indikationer på ett maktcenter i väst nordvästra kustregionen av ön. Kategorisering av hällkistor har visat olika särdrag hos hällkistor, vilka involverar individantal, lokalisering samt ytterligare anläggningar anslutna till hällkistan.En osteologisk analys har även utförts på skelettmaterialet hällkistan, Alskog 48:1 med frågor kring individantal, kön och ålderfördelning. Samt frågor kring datering på hällkistan och dess konstruktion. Benmaterialet presenterade 26 individer, i motsats till de 15 individer som initialt antagits funnits, av dessa fanns individer i alla åldrar. Både män och kvinnor identifierades, med en liten majoritet av män. Hällkistan i fråga som är en naturlig taklös grotta, naturlig kista, enligt de kriterier som använts kan denna konstruktion anses vara en hällkista och ingen annan typ av konstruktion.