The Support and Service Act (LSS) is a rights law that is intended to guarantee good living conditions for people with extensive and permanent disabilities. The law is intended to make it possible to receive support to be able to "live like others". The National Board of Health and Welfare describes participation as a "fundamental part of the law's values”. Participation is also one of the general principles in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative essay is to increase knowledge of support staff's perceptions of users' participation, and the purpose and questions have been answered through semi-structured interviews with five support staff at a group home. The theory is based om Shiers model for participation. The results showed how important support staff's attitude is in creating participation, but also how crucial augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is, how support staff need to perceive and interpret the residents' behavior and other expressions and that the residents have different opportunities for participation depending on whether the decisions to be made are of a concrete or more abstract nature. / Lagen om stöd och service (LSS) är en rättighetslag som ska garantera personer medomfattande och varaktiga funktionsnedsättningar goda levnadsvillkor. Lagen ska göradet möjligt att få stöd för att kunna ”leva som andra”. Socialstyrelsen beskriverdelaktighet som en ”bärande del av lagens värdegrund”. Delaktighet hör också till deallmänna principerna i FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer medfunktionsnedsättning. Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats är att öka kunskapen omstödpersonals uppfattningar om brukarnas delaktighet, och syfte och frågeställningar harbesvarats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem stödpersonal vid engruppbostad. Teorin som används är Shiers modell för delaktighet. Resultatet visade påhur viktig stödpersonals attityd är i skapandet av delaktighet, men också hur avgörandealternativ och kompletterande kommunikation (AKK) är, hur stödpersonal behöveruppfatta och tolka de boendes beteende och andra uttryck samt att de boende har olikamöjligheter till delaktighet beroende på huruvida de beslut som ska fattas är av konkreteller mer abstrakt natur.

The purpose was to examine, from a staff perspective, the participation of people with intellectual disabilities who live in group homes and lack verbal communication skills. Six persons who worked at three different group homes were interviewed for a qualitative study. The theories of empowerment and salutogenesis were used to analyse the result. The results showed that the residents were involved in everyday decisions such as the choice of food, clothes and that they had the opportunity to influence activities and everyday routines. The staff proved to be a decisive factor for the resident’s participation in everyday life. Factors that constituted an opportunity for participation were the staff's ability to communicate with the residents through body language or alternative complementary communication, staff density and the staff's attitude and knowledge. Factors that constituted an obstacle to participation were collaboration with other departments and the staff's views on right and wrong. / Syftet var att utifrån ett personalperspektiv undersöka delaktighet hos personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning som bor på gruppbostad och saknar verbal kommunikationsförmåga. Sex anställda från tre olika gruppbostäder intervjuades i en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av teorierna empowerment och salutogenes. Resultatet visade att de boende med IF hade möjlighet att vara delaktiga i vardagliga beslut såsom val av mat, kläder samt att de hade möjlighet att påverka vardagsrutiner och val av aktiviteter de ville utföra. Personalen visade sig vara en avgörande faktor för de boendes möjlighet att vara delaktiga i vardagen. Faktorer som utgjorde en möjlighet för delaktighet var personalens förmåga att kommunicera med de boende genom kroppsspråk eller alternativ kompletterande kommunikation, personaltäthet samt personalens bemötande och kunskap gällande de boende. Faktorer som utgjorde hinder för delaktighet var samverkan med andra verksamheter och personalens synsätt gällande rätt och fel.

Vi har studerat samspelet i gruppbostaden för att se hur samspelet gestaltar sig. I huvudsak har vi studerat samspelet i gemensamhetsutrymmet mellan de boende och personal. Gemensamhetsutrymmet är en mötesplats för gemenskap men mötet kan också uppfattas som påtvingat. De personer som bor tillsammans i gruppbostaden har inte valt att bo gemensamt utan de bor i en gruppbostad på grund av att de har en lindrig utvecklingstörning och är i behov av stöd av perso-nal. Vi har funnit att samspelet styrs på makronivå utifrån den rådande handikapp-politiken och organisationens tankar. I det enskilda mötet på mikronivå styrs sam-spelet av personalen och till en del av de boende. Gemensamhetsutrymmet har en stor betydelse för de flesta av de boende där de kan skapa gemenskap med var-andra och med personalen. Men samspelet i gemensamhetsutrymmet styrs av reg-ler, strukturering av t.ex. måltidssituationen och aktiviteter. Valfriheten att använ-da gemensamhetsutrymmet för de boende begränsas av regler och strukturer. Därmed begränsas de boende i gemenskapen med varandra. / A common room - Encounter for good or bad

<p>The aim of our study was to investigate how much self-determination persons with intellectual disabilities living in group-homes have when it comes to recreational activities. We studied what the recreational activities looked like, if there was any self-determination concerning recreational activities and which factors influenced self-determination for persons with intellectual disabilities. We used qualitative interviews with persons with intellectual disabilities, next of kin and personnel at group-homes. The result has been analyzed from earlier research, central concepts as self-determination and recreational activities and the theory of empowerment. The most important results that emerged in our study were; that recreational activities for persons with intellectual disabilities varied substantially, that there is a large number of to recreational activities available and no one seemed directly displeased with their recreational activities. Organized recreational activities mostly took place in segregated environments. This circumstance led to discussions within the interview-groups. The interviewed persons were of the opinion that there existed self-determination concerning recreational activities, however, there were many factors influencing the degree of self-determination. These factors were; the level of intellectual disability, the personnel at group-homes, organisation and personnel-resources, economy and public communications.</p>

The aim of our study was to investigate how much self-determination persons with intellectual disabilities living in group-homes have when it comes to recreational activities. We studied what the recreational activities looked like, if there was any self-determination concerning recreational activities and which factors influenced self-determination for persons with intellectual disabilities. We used qualitative interviews with persons with intellectual disabilities, next of kin and personnel at group-homes. The result has been analyzed from earlier research, central concepts as self-determination and recreational activities and the theory of empowerment. The most important results that emerged in our study were; that recreational activities for persons with intellectual disabilities varied substantially, that there is a large number of to recreational activities available and no one seemed directly displeased with their recreational activities. Organized recreational activities mostly took place in segregated environments. This circumstance led to discussions within the interview-groups. The interviewed persons were of the opinion that there existed self-determination concerning recreational activities, however, there were many factors influencing the degree of self-determination. These factors were; the level of intellectual disability, the personnel at group-homes, organisation and personnel-resources, economy and public communications.

This qualitative study explores how staff at a group home for young adults with intellectual disabilities describe their work and the opportunities and obstacles they experience during everyday work with the residents. The data in the study consists of four semi-structured interviews with staff at a newly established group home. From the perspective of implementation research and a selection of key factors, staff stories are analyzed and a discussion of the prerequisites for implementing a new way of working is discussed. The results of the study show that the staff are committed and express that they want to strengthen the living conditions of the residents, but also that staff practice is multifaceted and that staff respond to the needs of the residents in different ways. Introducing a new way of working does not directly mean that the work will change or improve, but based on comparing staff's stories to key factors in implementation research, it is reasonable to assume that there are good opportunities for the implementation of a new way of working to be succesful. / I denna kvalitativa studie undersöks hur personal, på en gruppbostad där det bor unga vuxna med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, beskriver sitt arbete och vilka möjligheter och hinder de möter i det vardagliga arbetet tillsammans med det boende. Studiens empiri består av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal från på en nyetablerad gruppbostad som ska införa ett nytt arbetssätt. Utifrån ett implementeringsperspektiv och ett antal framgångsfaktorer har personalens berättelser analyserats och en diskussion över förutsättningar att implementera ett nytt arbetssätt har förts. Studiens resultat visar att personalen är engagerade och uttrycker att de vill bistå och stärka de boende, men också att arbetet är mångfacetterat och att personalen har olika sätt att bemöta de boendes behov. Att införa ett nytt arbetssätt innebär inte direkt att arbetet kommer att förändras eller förbättras, men utifrån personalens berättelser som jämförts med framgångsfaktorer inom implementeringsteori kan det tolkas finnas goda förutsättningar att implementeringen av det nya arbetssättet kan bli framgångsrik. / Active support – ett arbetssätt för inflytande och ökad delaktighet för personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning på gruppboende

A new municipal group house is emerging - and intentions are affected. Swedish welfare is described as something that is transforming. This essay is a case study on how a group house for young adults with mild mental retardation and social problems, developed in a municipal. The purpose of the essay is to gain a better understanding of a new group house with the help of theoretical concepts such as internal and external forces in relation to organizational change. The conclusion is that a group house emerges through a complex context where different factors influence the ability to reach or fail intention, where the intention of the group house is to give the residents greater autonomy and hence have less need for welfare. Internal pressure such as the physical design of the home and external pressure such as how different laws are interpreted and followed in everyday situations are examples of important forces.