This project explores how literary authors used religious discourses in the sociointellectual climates of late nineteenth-century Catholic cultures. It takes its premise from a tacit paradox of Western European modernization: unlike other Western European nations, nations such as France and Spain modernized without adopting Protestantism or doctrines of anti-Catholicism or anticlericalism--and, thus, without a strict break into national secular discourses. Addressing how various religious discourses were used in modernizing France and Spain (respectively, from 1848 and from 1868 to the early twentieth century), I take a cultural-historical approach to representative religiously themed novels and short fiction of the periods. I contend that non-institutionalized traditional Catholic culture (a culture's “religious imaginary” or “Catholic imaginary”) offered authors a plural and, thus, strategic source for making cultural critiques. These critiques would have resonated widely with contemporaneous readerships, and often without overt confrontations (as anticlericalism has historically done). I point to the presence of such critiques specifically in canonical authors’ religious works--works often considered to be aberrational or “too Catholic” to be valued as modern vis-à-vis the landmarks of Western literature. Taking as my key example a novel by the “father of the modern Spanish novel,” Benito Pérez Galdós’s Misericordia or Compassion (1897), I unfold progressive readings of this text based on discourses borrowing historical, thematic, and stylistic elements from the archives of a Catholic imaginary. Thereafter, I broaden my argument by considering how comparable, but distinct, discourses inform social-critical readings of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables or The Underclass (1862), Gustave Flaubert’s “Un Coeur simple” or “A Simple Heart” (1877), and Emilia Pardo Bazán’s “Un destripador de antaño” or “The Heart Lover” (1900). Overall, the project challenges a critical status quo that has chosen to identify canonical literature in reference to a secular aesthetic program, without allowing for the possibility that cultural-religious discourses might also carry weight for cultures that were modernizing. Additionally, it re-characterizes the modernizing intellectual, seen typically as spiritually cynical or atheist, as one acknowledging the populist force of the religious imaginary freed from church limits. / text

The study is a comparative analysis of Stendhal's romantic interpretation and Flaubert's realistic interpretation of outdated myths. The first purpose of the study is to reveal the linear development of Julien Sorel and Emma Bovary in quest of their respective myths. The second is to reveal technical devices used by the authors that lead to diverse interpretations of the myths. The sources of data used in the study are Le Rouge et le noir and Madame Bovary and secondary materials concerning the two novels. The study is divided into five chapters including an introduction, two chapters that develop Julien's and Emma's respective myths, a chapter concerning technical devices used in the novels and a conclusion.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thalita L Nobre.pdf: 573590 bytes, checksum: cb51e0187a0b882d25ae4a5fd5d18210 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this dissertation is to carry out a psychoanalytical reading concerning the protagonist of the literary composition Madame Bovary. This book, written by Gustave Flaubert and published in 1856 same year that Sigmund Freud was born caused a great repercussion in the French society, at that time. Because of that, the author was judged for offence to the public and religious moral . My objective using Ema Bovary as a study object, is because, principally, she presents some characteristics that can be understood, trough the Psychoanalysis like female hysteria. To become this agreement clearly, in this dissertation, I started with freudian´s theory and so I used the contribution from other authors about female psyche constitution and it accidents that cause the hysteric neurosis , after this, I present the Gustave Flaubert´s romance book with a psychoanalytical reading. Ema Bovary is not described by its author as a perfect, spotless and sufferer woman, but yes, she is described like a woman with real human beings characteristics. And these ones (of the protagonist) can have been determinative to this book became a workmanship cousin, until the current days / O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar uma leitura psicanalítica a respeito da protagonista da obra literária Madame Bovary. Este livro, escrito por Gustave Flaubert e publicado em 1856 ano do nascimento de Freud causou uma grande repercussão na sociedade francesa da época. Por causa disto, o autor foi julgado por ofensa à moral publica e religiosa . O meu intuito de utilizar Ema Bovary como objeto de estudo se deve, principalmente, pelo fato dela apresentar características que podem ser compreendidas, à luz da Psicanálise, como histeria feminina. Para tornar claro esse entendimento, nesta dissertação, parto da teoria freudiana e de autores que com ela contribuem sobre a constituição psíquica feminina e os desarranjos que ocasionam a neurose histérica , e após isto, apresento o romance de Flaubert com uma leitura psicanalítica do mesmo. Ema Bovary não é descrita, por seu autor, como uma mulher perfeita, impecável e sofredora, mas sim, com caracterísiticas humanas reais. E estas características da protagonista podem ter sido determinantes para que este livro seja considerado uma obra prima, até os dias atuais

The aim of this thesis has been to provide the reader with an intuitive insight into the mechanisms of the Coriolis effect. Apart from thoroughly describing the phenomenon, the essay attempts to eliminate as many myths prevailing around the Coriolis effect as possible. To get there, only a few mathematical derivations and calculations have been presented – the focus has been on a pure conceptual level. Furthermore, delusive textbook explanations have been examined and discussed in case studies. In the conclusion, the goal is reached by summarising the sought intuitive description of the Coriolis effect into one single sentence.

This Master's thesis consists of two separate parts: Le vent dans les voiles, a travel fiction, is followed by a short essay, Le voyage comme archeologie de la memoire. / Le vent dans les voiles is both a travel fiction and a short apprenticeship novel. Julien Legare, an idealistic young man, is fond of Jim Morrison and Zarathoustra . As he is travelling in Europe, his dreams of intellectual and emotional liberation are breaking down to pieces. Disillusion eventually leads him to a new vision, beyond childhood nostalgia. / The essay is a mythocritical analysis of three Twentieth Century novels by Le Clezio, Proust and Gabrielle Roy: Le chercheur d'or, A la recherche du temps perdu and La Route d'Altamont . These books have in common the themes of travel, memory and creation. The three protagonists all long for the lost paradise of their childhood, thus they search for their origins. Travelling in space and time, on the outside and inside themselves, they become archaeologists of their own memory, digging for forgotten treasures. Is remembrance a topos of travel literature?

This thesis examines the character of the unhappy bride in three French novels of the 19th century: Le Lys dans la vallee (1836) by Honore de Balzac, Madame Bovary (1857) by Gustave Flaubert and L'Assommoir (1877) by Emile Zola. It compares the heroines' tragic destinies based on the following points: childhood; education; marriage; the philosophy of love and psychology; and escapism and death. We are shown that it is education that leads to the philosophy of love, which is filled with ideas of platonic love, and that unhappy marriages involve compensation. Research by psychoanalyst Karen Horney is applied to the characters found in the novels to explain their deviant behaviour (masochism, bovarism, narcissism, detachment). Each heroine demonstrates a tendency towards the ideal and illusions inherited from romanticism. Their fates are sealed with the failure of their dreams and the victory of reality over fantasy.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis presents a close comparison of Augustus Charles Pugin's illustrations for Paris and its Environs and Gustave Doré's illustrations for London: A Pilgrimage. This comparison will reveal what is distinctive about each publication. To achieve this, the thesis begins with a consideration of how these illustrated books fit into the oeuvres of the artists and writers involved, and how the works were subsequently received. The thesis then seeks to discover the ways the books adhere to the picturesque and Realist aesthetic modes. A comparison of the representation of social and political issues within the publications reveals how the city is either celebrated or critiqued in them. This is extended by a comparison with other English views of Paris and French views of London. The thesis concludes with the suggestion that the works under consideration are akin to illustrated guidebooks and novels. The illustrations themselves form the primary evidence for this comparison, supplemented by the accompanying written texts and other sources - including contemporary periodicals and biographical material. Paris and its Environs is a significant work within Pugin's oeuvre and shows how he created a view of Paris which would appeal to the tastes and aspirations of his readers. With London: A Pilgrimage, Doré created a view of London which would entertain his English audience but challenge them at the same time.

Cette étude comparée s'intéresse à deux auteurs francophones, J.MG. Le Clézio et A. Maalouf, qui appartiennent à deux sphères géoculturelles éloignées l'une de l'autre et différentes, et dont les œuvres n'ont jamais fait l'objet jusque-là d'une recherche comparatiste. La confrontation des textes porte sur deux thématiques d'actualité : l'altérité et la marginalité et bénéficie de l'éclairage apporté par l'étude de la poétique et le vécu des auteurs, eux-mêmes, marginaux à plusieurs égards. L'altérité se présente comme la cause de la situation marginale des personnages ; elle met en lumière leurs différences physiques, la vulnérabilité de leur situation sociale, leurs problèmes identitaires et leur relation particulière avec l'espace. D'un autre côté, c'est la confrontation deu personnage avec l'autre ( en tant qu'adjuvant ou opposant ) et avec l'ailleurs ( à travers la quête des origines et la réalisation d'un parcours initiatique ) qui lui permet de dépasser sa marginalité et son mal-être. La poétique de l'altérité et de la marginalité étudiée dans ce travail trouve son accomplissement dans l'esthétique scripturale adoptée par les auteurs. Fondée sur l'éclatement, le dépassement des limites, l'hétérogénéité générique et l'oralité, l'écriture devient la traduction de la marginalité et de l'hybridité qui caractérisent les personnages. Deux auteurs, deux univers romanesques mais une idéologie et une sensibilité scripturale communes au service d'un même combat : favoriser l'interculturalisme et lutter contre toutes les formes de discrimination. Corpus : Poisson d'or, Hasard, Révolutions, Le Rocher de Tanios, Les Echelles du Levant, Origines.