Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1935.

Influensa är en vanligt förekommande sjukdom i hela världen. Äldre över 65 år är en riskgrupp där det föreligger ökad risk för komplikationer, sjuklighet och dödlighet till följd av insjuknande i influensa. Forskning visar att det mest effektiva sättet att skydda sig mot sjukdomen är genom vaccination. Vaccinationstäckningen för influensa bland äldre personer är låg och behöver öka. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka vad som påverkar äldre i deras val om att motta eller avböja influensavaccination. Studien genomfördes som en integrativ litteraturstudie där resultatet baserades på 18 artiklar. Fem kategorier identifierades: uppfattningen om effekt och biverkningar, tillgänglighet och kostnader, kunskap och brist på kunskap, omgivningens påverkan och preventivt hälsobeteende. Litteraturstudien bidrar med förståelse och kunskap om vad som kan påverka äldre i valet om att motta eller avböja influensavaccination som distriktssköterskan sedan kan använda i arbetet för att främja ett ökat vaccinationsupptag. Dock behövs vidare forskning kring vilka insatser äldre upplever att distriktssköterskan kan bidra med för att äldre personer skall kunna ta välgrundade beslut om influensavaccination. / Influenza is a common disease throughout the world. Older people over the age of 65 are a risk group in which there is an increased risk of complications, morbidity and mortality as a result of infected influenza. Research shows that the most effective way of protecting against the disease is by vaccination. The vaccination cover for influenza among elderly people is low and needs to increase. The purpose of the literature study was to investigate what affects elderly people in their choices to receive or reject influenza vaccination. The study was conducted as an integrative literature study based on 18 articles. Five categories were identified: perception of effects and side effects, availability and costs of the vaccine, knowledge and lack of knowledge, environmental impact and preventive health behavior. The literature study contributes with understanding and knowledge of what can affect elderly in their choices to receive or reject influenza vaccination that the district nurse can use in the work to promote an increased vaccination intake. However, research is needed on what efforts elderly people believe that the district nurse can contribute with to making informed decisions about influenza vaccination.

Humant papillomvirus är ett mycket vanligt förekommande sexuellt överförbart virus som kan orsaka allvarliga sjukdomar såsom livmoderhalscancer. I Sverige vaccineras flickor i årskurs 5 – 6, vars vårdnadshavare har gett sitt skriftliga samtycke, mot humant papillomavirus via skolsköterskan. Vaccinet har minskat förekomsten av livmoderhalscancer. För att minska antalet dödsfall i denna sjukdom är det av stor vikt att uppnå hög vaccinationstäckning hos flickor före tonåren. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa orsaker till att vårdnadshavare avböjer vaccination mot humant papillomvirus till sina döttrar. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med integrativ ansats. Resultatet baserades på 19 artiklar. Orsakerna till att vårdnadshavarna avböjer att vaccinera sina döttrar mot humant papillomvirus resulterade i sex teman: oro för vaccinets säkerhet; bristande kunskap; otillräcklig information; otydliga rekommendationer; värderingar och övertygelser; misstro gentemot myndigheter. Skolsköterskor bör utbildas och fördjupa sin kunskap om humant papillomvirus och om vaccinet för att förmå framföra korrekt och adekvat information. Detta kan minska vårdnadshavarnas oro, vilket i sin tur kan leda till att täckningsgraden ökar och folkhälsan förbättras. / Human papillomavirus is a very common sexually transmitted virus that can cause serious diseases such as cervical cancer. In Sweden, vaccination against human papillomavirus is administered by the school nurse to girls in grades 5 – 6 whose parents have given their written consent. The vaccine has shown to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. In order to reduce the number of deaths in this disease it is very important to achieve high vaccination coverage in adolescent girls. The purpose of the literature study was to highlight the reasons why parents decline human papillomavirus vaccination for their daughters. The study was conducted as a literature study with an integrative approach. The result was based on 19 articles. The reasons why parents decline vaccination for their daughters resulted in six themes: concern about the safety of the vaccine; lack of knowledge; insufficient information; unclear recommendations; values and beliefs; distrust of authorities. School nurses should receive further education and improve their knowledge about human papillomavirus and the vaccination in order to provide accurate and adequate information. This can reduce parents’ concerns, which in turn can increase coverage and improve public health.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Hubbly Bubbly smoking is a visibly growing trend among young people globally. However, health promotion about the risks that result from hubbly bubbly smoking has not been vigilant so far. The study attempts to determine youth’s knowledge and perceptions towards the health risks incurred from smoking the HB. The study triangulates three theories namely: The Extended Parallel Process Model, Peer Cluster Theory and Hofstede’s Cultural Theory using a mixed method approach among University of Limpopo students. A sample of 350 students was used, made up of n=175 HB users and n=175 non-users. In the quantitive part of the study, a 2 x 2 between and within respondents design was followed. Most HB users 74% (129) and non-users 80% (140) identified lung cancer as the health risk of HB smoking. Participants perceived HB smoking health risks as exaggerated, and that HB is less addictive and less harmful. The majority of participants (75%) had not heard or seen any health communication awareness campaigns about HB risks. Focus group interviews revealed that participants perceived HB as less harmful, less expensive with no visible health warning and not addictive to every user. Findings suggest that there is inadequacy in terms of knowledge as well as negative perceptions towards HB and its health risks. There should be more health communication campaigns that will engage the youth and the public, and the media should speak more about HB and its health risks. The study contributes to the body of knowledge about health communication campaigns about existing problems. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

This specific study entitled: "Health Promotion Projects as part of Education'', consists of a theoretical part containing the voices of various authors on the issue of health promotion in schools. Firstly, the basic concepts that are contained in the body of my work were explained and thanks to this, the reader will be better acquainted with these. In the following chapter I described characteristics of health promotion projects and gave several examples. The principles of health promotion in schools was also dealt with because they are closely related to the topic. Since my primary focus was on how projects in schools are actually implemented, I covered this in a subsequent chapter by giving concrete examples of projects that have already been implemented in schools. It was also important to mention the implementation process of health education into the primary school curriculum and thus I finished the theoretical part of the work and followed it up with a practical part. I used interviews as a research method and these were conducted at primary schools where one of the health promotion projects had been implemented in the past. The thesis also has a practical component. It included my own proposal of a health promotion project. The aim of it was to evaluate efficiency of initiating the health...

This study analyzed the characteristics of United States public community college wellness programs to determine the relationship of institutional size or line item budgeting on (a) staffing, (b) departmental affiliation, (c) programming, and (d) facilities. Data were collected via mail surveys from 156 public community colleges within the United States. The population consisted of United States public community colleges with wellness programs. Two purposeful samples were utilized: a conference based sample consisting of those institutions which were represented at the 1993 Sixth Annual Community College Wellness Conference and a director identified based sample of community colleges which had been identified by state directors as having a wellness program. The review of literature examined (a) definitions of wellness, (b) goals/objectives of wellness programs, (c) components of wellness programs, (d) corporate wellness programs and, (e) wellness programs in educational settings. Methodological procedures included development of a 46 item survey instrument which consisted of 43 forced choice items, and three open-ended questions. Data did not support line item budgeting significantly relating to staffing, departmental affiliation, or programming, however. there was a significant relationship concerning facilities. Data also revealed there was no significant relationship between institution size and staffing, departmental affiliation, programming, or facilities. Final analysis includes a descriptive profile of community college wellness programs which should be useful to decision makers and advisory boards who are involved in planning and evaluation. / Ed. D.

Most of the training programmes received by the health advisers in the Gauteng health promotion directorate, are delivered in a lecture form, whereby trainers prepare their presentations according to themes chosen by management, without the involvement of trainees. After training, the health advisers adopt the same attitude with the individuals they educate. This study describes how participatory research was carried out to investigate how health advisers in the Gauteng Province experience and utilise these training programmes. It articulates the roles of the researcher and participants in the research process. The study showed that while it is true that trainees must receive theoretical information, it is equally true that they must be able to relate that information to their practical situations. The study indicates that this can occur by introducing a form of training in which the focus is on both the trainer and trainees as co-learners in the learning situation. / Social Work / M.A. Soc. Sc. (Mental Health)

The context of this research is the coping and wellness of call centre agents in a characteristically high-stress work environment. The purpose of the study was to construct a psychological coping profile by investigating the relationship between individuals‘ wellness-related dispositional attributes and their resiliency-related behavioural capacities which has been under researched in a call centre work environment. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was followed. The population comprised predominantly of a non –probability sample of (N=409) predominantly early career permanently employed black females employed in call centres in Africa. Correlation and multivariate statistics highlighted cognitive (cynicism and hardy-control), affective (managing own emotions) and conative (hardy-commitment) behavioural elements that should be considered in the psychological coping profile of call centre agents. Age and gender were also shown to be significant moderators of the relationship between the wellness-related attributes and the resiliency-related capacities. The main findings are reported and interpreted in terms of an empirically derived psychological coping profile. The findings may provide valuable pointers for the design of wellness intervention practices which add to the body of knowledge concerned with employee wellness in call centres / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Bakgrunn:I norske levekårsundersøkelser oppgirinnvandrere at de hardårligere helse enn resten av befolkningen. Et mål i norsk integreringspolitikk er å fremmelevekår for innvandrerbefolkningen. Fysisk aktivitet slik som svømming har en sosial og kulturell verdi i det norske samfunnet,samtidig som det er en forebyggende innsats vedat manglende ferdigheter i svømming bidrar til at innvandrergrupper har høyere risiko for å drukne. Hensikt: Formålet med studien var åutvikle et svømmekurs som en helsefremmende intervensjon for kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn og undersøke om svømmekurset bidro til økte svømmeferdigheter og sosial integrering. Metode: Å utføre enintervensjon gjennom et svømmekurs med deltagelse fra 16 kvinner fra 6 forskjellige land.Triangulering av metoder med spørreundersøkelser, gruppeintervjuerog observasjoner fra 15.november 2012 til 26. oktober 2013. Forskningsspørsmål har søkt svar innenfor temaene øktesvømmeferdigheter, sosial integrering ogandre faktorer som kunnepåvirke helsetilstanden til kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn. Kvalitativ innholdsanalyse ble brukt for å analysere det kvalitative datamaterialet. Resultat: Deltagerne visteøkte svømmeferdigheter parallelt med økt trygghetsfølelse i forhold til vann fra kursstart til kurset varavsluttet. Deltagerne viste en kulturell åpenhet og personlig utvikling som ble synlig gjennom utvidet sosialt nettverk på tvers av kulturer og utvidet omfang av sosiale aktiviteter slik sombruk av offentlig basseng. Andre funn var en bedre selvopplevd helse og at deltagernefungerte som rollemodellerfor egen familie og venner med tanke på ålære svømmeferdigheten. Konklusjon: Denne intervensjonen visteat aktivitet tilrettelagt for kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn fremmet faktorer som haddeen positiv effekt på helsetilstanden, Dette gjennombedring av svømmeferdigheter,og sominngangsport til sosial integrering / Background:Norwegian surveys have reported that the health of immigrants compares negatively with the health of the general population. Norwegian society emphasizes thesocial and cultural value ofphysical activity such as swimming,andintegration policypromotes improved living conditions for immigrants. Moreover, inability to swim heightens the risk of drowning. Purpose: This study aimed to develop swimming instruction as a health-promoting intervention among immigrant women.It also examined whether such swimming lessons improve women's health by increasing skills and social integration. Method: Sixteen women from six different countries participated in swimminglessons between 15 November 2012 and 26 October 2013. This thesis used a triangulation of methods (i.e., surveys, group interviews,and observations)to investigate whether increased swimming skill, social integration, and other factors affect the health of immigrant women. I used qualitative content analysis to evaluate alldata. Results: As immigrant women became better swimmers, their sense of security in the water improved. Additionally, swimming enhanced cultural openness and personal development, and participants’ social networks expanded across cultures. Public swimming pools increasedsocial activity. Finally, as participants’perceptions of their own health improved,they encouraged their family and friends to learn how to swim. Conclusion: This intervention shows that activities organized for immigrant women promote factors that have a positive effect on health, such as improved swimming skills. Swimmingis a gateway to social integration / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-67-6</p>

The context of this research is the coping and wellness of call centre agents in a characteristically high-stress work environment. The purpose of the study was to construct a psychological coping profile by investigating the relationship between individuals‘ wellness-related dispositional attributes and their resiliency-related behavioural capacities which has been under researched in a call centre work environment. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was followed. The population comprised predominantly of a non –probability sample of (N=409) predominantly early career permanently employed black females employed in call centres in Africa. Correlation and multivariate statistics highlighted cognitive (cynicism and hardy-control), affective (managing own emotions) and conative (hardy-commitment) behavioural elements that should be considered in the psychological coping profile of call centre agents. Age and gender were also shown to be significant moderators of the relationship between the wellness-related attributes and the resiliency-related capacities. The main findings are reported and interpreted in terms of an empirically derived psychological coping profile. The findings may provide valuable pointers for the design of wellness intervention practices which add to the body of knowledge concerned with employee wellness in call centres / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)