Syftet med studien var att undersöka om Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori har relevans i praktiken idag inom läraryrket. Studien är kvalitativ med deduktiv ansats utifrån Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori. Totalt 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med lärare från högstadie- och universitetsnivå vilka sedan analyserades tematiskt. Resultatet visade att Herzbergs teori fortfarande är tillämpningsbar inom yrket lärare. Resultatet visade däremot på att det fanns skillnader i vad för faktorer som är av mest vikt hos lärarna gentemot vad Herzberg påstod. De mest avgörande faktorerna för arbetsmotivation hos lärarna var eget ansvar, bekräftelse och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Förslag till vidare forskning är att säkerhetsställa rangordningen av faktorerna som har störst betydelse för arbetsmotivationen inom läraryrket. Ett annat förslag till vidare forskning är att se om det finns faktorer från Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori som rangordnas annorlunda inom andra yrkeskategorier. / The purpose of the study is to examine whether Herzberg's two-factor theory is still relevant in practice today in the teaching profession. The study is qualitative with a deductive approach based on Herzberg's two-factor theory. A total of 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with high school and university teachers, which were then analyzed thematically. The result showed that Herzberg's theory is still applicable and valid in the profession of teaching. The results, on the other hand, show that there are differences in which factors that are the most important for the teachers in relation to what Herzberg claimed. The most important factors for the teachers' work motivation are having their own responsibility over their time, recognition and the psychosocial work environment. Suggestions for further research are to secure the ranking of the factors that are most important for the work motivation within the teaching profession. Also evaluate if there are factors from Herzberg's two-factor theory that are ranked differently in other professions.

The study highlights the problem and the special work environment faced by retail as a workplace. Uncomfortable working hours, the presence of customers and stressful environments are some of the peculiar features familiar to those who work in retail, features that might be what attracts people to the industry in the first place. The purpose of the study is to gain in-depth knowledge of what factors in the workplace that drives motivation and specific motivation in the retail sector. In addition to which factors contribute to motivation, it also identifies what essential factors there are to form a functioning workplace. Based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, these different factors are identified to create a greater understanding of the interaction in the workplace. Two main issues have been the driving force in the design of the current study. These were how applicable Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is in retail and its current context in Sweden and how a more motivating workplace can be achieved for store staff. In order to be able to answer the questions, previous studies in the subject have been studied and interviews conducted. The interviews were conducted with both owners / store managers and employees at each workplace. Theory and empirics have then been analysed. The results of the study show that some factors from Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory are still current, some have changed and that some additional ones have been added. This has resulted in a modified model of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. / Studien belyser problematiken och den särskilda arbetsmiljön som detaljhandeln som arbetsplats står inför. Obekväma arbetstider, närvarande kunder och stressiga miljöer är några av de säregna drag som är bekanta för den som jobbar inom detaljhandeln, likväl som även kan vara det som lockar att arbeta inom denna bransch. Syftet med arbetet är att få fördjupade kunskaper i vad det är på arbetsplatsen som driver motivation och specifikt motivation inom detaljhandeln. Utöver vilka faktorer som bidrar till motivation kartläggs även vilka grundläggande faktorer det finns för att det ska vara en fungerande arbetsplats. Med utgångspunkt i Herzbergs Tvåfaktorteori identifieras dessa olika faktorer för att skapa en större förståelse för samspelet på arbetsplatsen. Huvudsakligen två frågor har varit drivande i utformandet av den aktuella studien. Dessa var hur tillämpbar Herzbergs Tvåfaktorteori är inom detaljhandeln och dess nuvarande kontext i Sverige samt hur en mer motiverande arbetsplats kan uppnås för butikspersonal. För att kunna besvara frågorna har tidigare studier inom ämnet studerats och intervjuer genomförts. Intervjuerna genomfördes med både ägare/butikschefer och medarbetare på respektive arbetsplats. Teori och empiri har sedan analyserats. Studiens resultat visar på att några faktorer från Herzbergs Tvåfaktorteori fortfarande är aktuella, att några har fått en viss förskjutning och att några ytterligare tillkommit. Detta har resulterat i en modifierad modell av Herzbergs Tvåfaktorteori.

Some outpatient health care executives experience high physician turnover leading to increased costs. To retain highly productive physicians, outpatient health care executives need to understand the best strategies for reducing physician turnover. Grounded in Herzberg 2-factor theory as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies outpatient health care executives used to reduce physician turnover. Data were collected from semistructured interviews of 4 outpatient health care executives and the review of proprietary documents from 2 outpatient health care facilities in the Southern California metropolitan area. Data analysis comprised compiling and disassembling the data into common codes, reassembling the data into themes, interpreting the themes, and reporting the themes. Member checking and methodological triangulation amplified the trustworthiness of the findings. The course of thematic analysis led to identification of 4 core themes: autonomy, satisfactory work environment, effective communication, and training and growth opportunity. Implications for positive social change include the potential to increase economic growth while benefitting employees, families, and communities; increasing the continuity of patient care; and increasing patients'€™ access to health care. Outpatient health care executives can use the results of this study to implement changes conducive to minimizing physician turnover and associated costs while enhancing the quality of health care.

The purpose of this study was to examine the gender differences regarding motivation in the individuals who serve in senior administrative positions in Virginia's community colleges. Institutional morale can be damaged by administrators who become dissatisfied with their positions. Institutions use millions of dollars yearly to conduct searches for individuals to replace senior administrators who leave their positions because of lack of job satisfaction or high job dissatisfaction. This study also addressed the possibility of differences between male senior administrators and female senior administrators regarding job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. Frederick Herzberg' 2-factory theory of motivation regarding job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction was used as the theoretical foundation of the data collection. The Job Descriptive Index that focuses on 5 facets of job satisfaction: work on present job, opportunities for promotion, present pay, co-workers, and supervision as well as the Job in General Scale were used to survey senior college administrators for the purpose of gathering data. Results of the study indicated that senior administrators experienced a high level of job satisfaction regarding work on present job, co-workers, supervision, and the overall job in general. Senior administrators reported low levels of job satisfaction in relation to opportunities for promotion and moderate levels of satisfaction regarding present pay. Findings from the study reflected a difference in male senior administrators and female senior administrators regarding opportunities for promotion, co-workers, and the overall job in general. Male senior administrators reported higher levels of satisfaction in all 3 of these areas whereas 3 female senior administrators reported lower levels of satisfaction. There were no differences found between male senior administrators and female senior administrators regarding work on present job, present pay, or supervision.

This research implemented a multiple case study design to investigate the effects of aesthetic and emotional labor in the premium airline context of Emirates, in comparison to the low-cost airline context of easyJet. This was achieved through the conduct of interviews with flight attendants from each airline as they are the frontline employees who are mostly concerned with the implementation of these standards. Even before the recruitment process employees are introduced to the requirements of aesthetic and emotional labor as airlines aim to find those who will best ‘fit’ their organizational culture, and that through training they will be even more equipped to represent the company during their interactions with customers. Thus, flight attendants are regarded as a strategic resource that contributes to the competitive advantage and organizational performance of airlines. Taking into consideration that aesthetic and emotional labor standards define the very nature of flight attendants’ job and that their performance determines the organization’s performance, the potential effects on their performance cannot be disregarded. The main themes that were yielded through the thematic analysis of the empirical findings were found to be parallel to some of the performance factors in Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation, while aesthetic and emotional labor were located as components within identified themes. Thus, this provided us with a general theoretical framework that allowed us to further discuss our findings in connection to relevant theory. Results showed that the different operational business models as well as the different cultures of each airline mostly contributed to the differences that were found in regard to the implementation of standards between the two contexts. Aesthetic labor standards were found to have a stronger effect on employees’ performance in the case of Emirates due to the fact their supervision was stricter. In both cases, aesthetic labor standards were not found to have an effect on employees' performance when it comes to their interaction with customers. While easyJet was found to receive a more diverse training when it comes to interaction with customers, in both cases emotional labor standards were found to have an overall positive link to employees’ performance not only when it comes to interaction with customers but also when it comes to dealing with co-workers, managers and the demands of the job in general. However, the aspect of personality was found to be a moderating factor influencing employees’ understanding and following of standards. It should be noted that the results of this research cannot be generalized. Further investigation across different contexts and airlines is suggested so as to conclude whether the results are representative of a specific context.

Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod och undersöker hur nyinträdda på arbetsmarknaden upplever arbetsmotivation och vad som driver dem i yrkeslivet. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om det går att urskilja några nya aspekter som inte tidigare uppmärksammats bland befintliga motivationsteorier. Empirin utgörs av tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer i arbete födda på 1990-talet, där varje intervju var cirka 45 minuter lång. Resultatet visar att det finns en medvetenhet och ett hållbarhetsperspektiv hos intervjupersonerna som väger tyngre än exempelvis lön och omgivning. Vi kan med hjälp av det empiriska materialet se tendenser som pekar på att intervjupersonerna drivs och motiveras av faktorer som ligger långt fram i tiden, och att de kan finna mening i arbetsuppgifter som kanske inte generar någon direkt belöning. Intervjupersonerna har en långsiktig och hållbar syn på sitt arbete och motiveras av framtiden, och i de fall där arbetet inte är stimulerande har synsättet blivit en form av överlevnadsstrategi. Denna dimension av långsiktighet presenteras inte i tidigare motivationsteorier och vi vill därför mena att vi bidragit med viktiga insikter att vidare studera. / The following report is a qualitative study, and examines how newcomers to the labor market experiencing motivation and what drives them in their professional life. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether if it’s possible to discern some new aspects that is not mentioned in existing motivation theories. The empirical data consists of twelve semi-structured interviews with persons born in the 1990s, where each interview was approximately 45 minutes long. The result shows that there is an awareness and a kind of sustainability in the interviewees answers, that outweighs economic factors and surroundings. We can with the help of the empirical material see a trend that suggest that interviewees are driven and motivated by factors which lies further in the future, and that they can find meaning in the tasks that might not generate any direct reward. The interviewees have a long-term and sustainable approach to their work and are motivated by the future, and this point of view has become a form of survival strategy whenever the work is not stimulating enough. This dimension of sustainability is not presented in the earlier theories of motivation and we would therefore like to suggest that we contributed with important insights to further study.

Hur påverkas projektdeltagarnas motivation i projekt som har en relativt lång tid avsatt för genomförandet och med förhållandevis stora resurser? För att få svar på frågan om motivation i långa projekt genomfördes en empirisk fallstudie via kvalitativa intervjuer av sex projektdeltagare och en projektledare, i ett företag inom tullbranschen. Dessa sju personer var allokerade till ett IT-utvecklingsprojekt. Herzbergs två-faktorteori användes för att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkat respondenternas motivation. Av studien följer att det är främst tre slags händelser som påverkar projektdeltagarnas motivation. Det är händelser som går att koppla till projektets fasövergångar, händelser som berör projektets målsättning och händelser som handlar om projektets arbetssätt. Avslutningsvis kan konstateras att det är den kontextuella osäkerheten som främst påverkar projektdeltagarnas motivation i ett projekt som pågår under lång tid. Alltså de förändringar som sker i omvärlden mellan tidpunkten för planeringen av projektet och när projektmålet utvärderas. / What affect the project participants’ motivation in projects that have a relatively long period of time set aside for implementation and with relatively large resources? An empirical case study was conducted to answer the question about motivation in long projects by using qualitative interviews of six project participants and one project manager in a company in the customs sector. These seven people were allocated to an IT development project. Herzberg´s two-factor theory was used to describe the factors that influenced the respondents’ motivation. There are mainly three types of events that affects the project participants’ motivation. These are events that can be linked to the project phase transitions, events related to project objectives and events about the project’s methodology. Finally, it can be stated that it is the contextual uncertainty that primarily affect the project participants’ motivation in a project going on for a long time. Thus the changes in the business environment between the time of the planning of the project and when the project objectives are evaluated.

Employee turnover affects the profitability, performance, and customer service of an organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that leaders in the hotel industry used to maintain a low rate of employee turnover. Motivation-hygiene theory was the conceptual framework for the study. The study population included 9 hotel leaders from 2 international hotels operating in Jamaica. Methodological triangulation involved the comparison of data from observation of hotel facilities and leaders' interactions with employees, review of company documents, and semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed into emerging themes using a Gadamerian hermeneutics framework of interpretation. Four major themes emerged from the data analysis: effective leadership strategies, favorable human resource management practices, good working conditions, and a family-oriented organizational culture. Analysis of the data showed that hotel industry leaders used a combination of these strategies to maintain low rates of employee turnover. The findings and recommendations may contribute to positive social change by providing hotel leaders with effective retention strategies, resulting in increased profitability and potential income continuity, thereby decreasing unemployment and moderating poverty.

Employee turnover negatively affects retail organizations and can lead to poor financial performance, a decrease in competitive advantage, loss of productivity, deficiencies in retaining external customers, and economic failures. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies that retail store leaders from the Illinois area of the United States use to reduce frontline employee turnover. Herzberg's 2-factor theory provided the framework for the study. Data were collected from documents pertaining to retention methods and through face-to-face semistructured interviews with 7 leaders of a retail company in the Illinois area who had experience with effective employee retention strategies. Data were analyzed using manual coding methods, auto-coding features, and word frequency searches. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) effective communication and transparency-improved employee retention, (b) competitive compensation and benefits-package-improved employee retention, and (c) training-and-development-improved employee retention. Organizational leaders mitigating employee turnover contribute to social change by creating initiatives focused on the recognition of value in people, the company, and the community.

An employee's intent to leave an organization is the most common predictor of employee turnover. Employee turnover can cost an organization 150% to 250% of a worker's annual compensation to replace and train an employee. Understanding employee intent to leave is vital for federal agency leaders to help reduce turnover. Grounded in Herzberg's 2-factor model, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the likelihood of employee perceptions regarding work experience, leadership practices, and supervisor relationships with employees predicting employee intent to leave. Archival data were analyzed for 297 employees who completed the 2015 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated the full model, containing the 3 predictor variables (employee perceptions regarding work experience, leadership practices, and supervisor relationships with employees), was useful in distinguishing between respondents who reported and did not report they intended to take another job outside the federal government within the next year, with X2 (3, N = 297) = 111.27 and p < .001. Two of the predictor variables--employee perceptions of work experience and leadership practices--made a statistically significant contribution to the model. Employee perceptions of supervisor relationships with employees were not significant. The implications of this study for positive social change include the opportunity for human resources professionals and organizational leaders to gain an understanding of employee intent to leave, its impact on the workplace, and the potential to contribute to higher employment levels.