Um estudo da evoluÃÃo da terapÃutica ao longo da histÃria à realizado com o intuito de se mostrar as origens da farmÃcia e da profissÃo farmacÃutica. Em seguida, uma retrospectiva histÃrica sobre a assistÃncia farmacÃutica no Brasil e no Cearà com Ãnfase nos modelos existentes nas Ãltimas dÃcadas dos sÃculos XIX e XX, mostra que as prÃticas adotadas por comerciantes, autoridades pÃblicas e pela maioria dos farmacÃuticos desrespeitam as leis e os direitos do cidadÃo, deixando de lado o preceito Ãtico de promover a assistÃncia farmacÃutica de qualidade para todos. Os enfoques apresentados, em cinco capÃtulos, estÃo fundamentados em fatos relevantes obtidos atravÃs de uma vasta pesquisa documental que comprova e analisa vÃrios procedimentos centrados, principalmente, na propaganda de fÃrmacos, no uso irracional de medicamentos e no excessivo nÃmero de leis farmacÃuticas, que na maioria das vezes, nÃo sÃo aplicadas. A dispensaÃÃo de medicamentos sob a responsabilidade do farmacÃutico à analisada sob vÃrios aspectos, tanto no setor pÃblico como no privado, concluindo-se que o mesmo à indispensÃvel como agente transformador dos modelos de assistÃncia farmacÃutica e elemento vital da equipe de saÃde ao organizar os serviÃos de apoio terapÃutico, com o profissionalismo exigido para a promoÃÃo da saÃde da populaÃÃo. / A study of therapeutics evolution in the course of history is made in order to show the origins of Pharmacy and of the pharmaceutical profession. Follows a historical retrospective of pharmaceutical assistence in Brazil and Ceara, emphasizing the existing models in the last decades of the 19th and 20th centuries showing that the procedures adopted by the busines men, public authorities and most pharmacists neither obey the laws nor the rights of the citizens leaving aside the ethical precepts in the promotion of a correct pharmaceutical assistence for all. The presented approaches, in five chapters, are based on relevant facts obtained from an extensive documental research which shows and analyses a number of procedures whose core is set in the advertisement of drugs, in the irrational use of them and in the excessive number of laws which, most of the times, are not applied. The dispensing of medication under the responsibility of the pharmacist is analysed both in the public and private society sectors. It is concluded that the pharmacist is an indispensable professional as the transforming agent of the pharmaceutical assistance models and a vital component of health promoter teams to organize the supporting therapeutic services utilizing the correct professional procedures demanded in the promotion of the public health.

p. 1-180 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-06T19:01:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888.pdf: 3347336 bytes, checksum: a64d4bd57a70266f1ab77a4f9310a1bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:14:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888.pdf: 3347336 bytes, checksum: a64d4bd57a70266f1ab77a4f9310a1bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888.pdf: 3347336 bytes, checksum: a64d4bd57a70266f1ab77a4f9310a1bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as transformações ocorridas no exercício da profissão farmacêutica na Bahia entre 1961 e 1986. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem histórica com análise qualitativa. As fontes documentais utilizadas foram as atas de reunião plenária do CRF-BA, legislações importantes do período e jornais do CRF-4. Foram utilizados também dados das transcrições das entrevistas realizadas com os farmacêuticos que atuaram à época do marco histórico estabelecido. Evidenciou-se que a organização da profissão farmacêutica no Estado foi beneficiada por seu Conselho profissional. Percebeu-se também que, em muitos momentos nesse processo, a instituição acadêmica não teve papel tão decisivo quanto o próprio CRF em questões importantes para a categoria. Podemos afirmar que o CRF-4 foi eficiente em garantir um monopólio do mercado de trabalho farmacêutico ainda que com algumas perdas. Em seguida analisamos como ocorreram as relações entre os farmacêuticos, a academia e o mercado de trabalho. Observamos que os espaços de prática dos farmacêuticos no período se relacionaram com o contexto econômico da Bahia. Notou-se que ocorreram conflitos e disputas na ocupação desses espaços. Por fim, analisa-se a relação que se estabeleceu entre farmacêuticos e o comércio farmacêutico, revelando que os conflitos vêm permeando essa relação. / Salvador

Цель – проанализировать возможности коммуникационной стратегии музейного комплекса истории фармации в формировании имиджа Челябинск. Научная новизна исследования состоит в использовании коммуникационной стратегии в качестве инструмента формирования имиджа территории. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности применения авторских предложений к позитивному улучшению имиджа города Челябинск. Эффективность рекомендаций, выдвинутых автором в рамках конструирования коммуникационной политики музейного комплекса, будет доказана на практике, при открытии комплекса «Аптека №1». / The purpose is to analyze the possibilities of the communication strategy of the museum complex of the history of pharmacy in the formation of the image of Chelyabinsk. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the use of a communication strategy as a tool for forming the image of the territory. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the author's proposals to the positive improvement of the image of the city Chelyabinsk. The effectiveness of the recommendations put forward by the author within the framework of designing the communication policy of the museum complex will be proven in practice, at the opening of the complex "Pharmacy No. 1".

Before the regulation of opium as a “narcotic” in Sweden in 1923, opium was not regulated for its intoxicating properties and was freely available. But not in any kind of shop. Opium was legally available only through the pharmacies. This thesis explores how this free availability of a narcotic was understood by its traders, the pharmacists. The title of this thesis – The Value of Poison – indicates how opium could be conceptualized both as a safe, everyday remedy essential to keep freely available and as a drug of intoxication. As a poison it could be articulated as a matter of primarily pharmacological, not moral or medical, concern. This also gave the pharmacists, with their special knowledge of pharmaka (drugs, poisons), an autonomous space of knowledge free from the ever more intruding “medical gaze”. But, in order to articulate this kind of understanding of opium, another kind of knowledge was needed to be acknowledged: that of the user. In this articulation a “sensus communis” was tied in with a broader cultural knowledge of drugs. Problems with opium were focused on the danger of acute poisoning, not recreational intoxication. Concepts that could have problematized this kind of use were rearticulated as problems either of illegitimate trade, unregulated markets and advertising or of draconian regulation by greedy or sloppy doctors. These rather opposite elements were made equivalent through the articulation of ignorance in both cases, thus further emphasizing the special knowledge of the pharmacist. The thesis locates a process of contradiction that contributes to the eventual diminishing of the discourse of poison towards the end of the period. The pharmaceutical knowledge that guaranteed the discourse was based on a “pharmaceutical gaze” on pharmaka. It pierced through the drug to identify its constituent parts. In this process it was promised that the different effects of opium would be separated. “Narcotic” could be a by-product, to be discarded or controlled, without dispensing of other therapeutic effects. With this ever deeper knowledge of opium, knowledge in the pharmacies was made insufficient for the full understanding or opium, and so too was that of the traditional user. The era of opium as a poison was over. / Före den första särlagstiftningen om narkotika i Sverige 1923 reglerades inte opiumets rusgivande egenskaper. Drogen var fritt tillgänglig i handeln. Men inte i vilken butik som helst. Opium kunde bara köpas lagligt på landets apotek. Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur denna fria tillgänglighet av narkotika förstods av droghandlarna själva, apotekarna. Titeln pekar på hur opium på en och samma gång kunde tänkas som en säker husmedicin vars tillgänglighet var avgörande för folkhälsan och som en rusgivande drog. Som ”gift” artikulerades det som en i första hand farmakologisk angelägenhet, inte en moralisk eller medicinsk. När de talade på detta sätt upprättade apotekarna, genom sin särskilda kunskap om farmaka, ett eget rum för sitt vetande, fritt från läkarnas allt mer genomträngande ”kliniska blick”. Men för att kunna artikulera denna förståelse av opium krävdes också att en annan typ av kunskap vidkändes: brukarens. Genom denna artikulation knöts brukarnas ”sensus communis” samman med en bredare kulturell kunskap om droger. De av opiumets problem som lyftes fram handlade om akut förgiftning, inte rekreationellt rusbruk. De begrepp som hade varit möjliga att användas för att problematisera denna senare form av bruk reartikulerades: antingen förpassades de till den olagliga handeln, de oreglerade marknaderna och reklamen, eller också till de drakoniska regleringarna som giriga och slarviga läkare stod bakom. Apotekarna artikulerade dessa båda helt motstående element som ekvivalenta genom en brist på kunskap, vilket i sin tur ytterligare stärkte deras egen kunskapsmakt. Avhandlingen lokaliserar även en processande motsägelse som sker när giftets diskurs tynar bort vid slutet av den undersökta perioden. Den farmaceutiska kunskap som underbyggde diskursen vilade på en ”farmaceutisk blick” på farmaka. Denna genomborrade drogämnet för att avslöja dess beståndsdelar. Genom denna process utlovades att opiumets olika effekter skulle kunna skiljas från varandra. ”Narkotikan” kunde ses som en bieffekt, som kunde kastas åt sidan eller kontrolleras separat, utan att opiumets kvarvarande terapeutiska effekter minskade. Denna allt djupare kunskap medförde att de enskilda apotekarnas eget vetande på apoteken inte räckte till för att fullt ut förstå opium, och därmed bröts även samartikulationen med brukarnas kunskap. Tidseran när opium var ett gift tog därmed slut under mellankrigsperioden.