本文針對國人長期存有的「仇韓情緒」進行研究，並認為這樣的社會集體記憶，一方面固然與台韓雙方長期以來的社會脈絡與歷史環境有關，但更重要的是媒體中介的結果，形成一種Hobsbawm所說的創制傳統。因此經由媒體下手，透過不同時期與不同報紙的運動衝突事件報導，進行資料蒐集分析佐以相關文本生產者訪談，希望勾勒出媒體在這波現象背後所扮演的角色。 　　大致上，從文本的分析後可以知曉，這種仇恨記憶是逐漸的被媒體創制出來，相較於第一時期（1983~1992年）對於韓國較具包容性並以事件為報導基礎，第二時期之後(1992~2010年)，媒體的呈現對衝突事件的追蹤或說明逐漸變少、情緒性的花絮或是形容詞變多，並將衝突事件與韓國或韓國人整體構連，出現明顯的仇視對象。此外，不同媒體在報導上也呈現不同的立場，顯示媒體在面對這類與韓國的衝突事件，並不是如此的單純呈現，有其特殊的考量存在。 　　研究中也發現，在媒體的框架產製過程中，組織的經營考量往往成為文本產製的最終考量，使得仇韓新聞框架以讀者為導向，以新聞商品為前提創制文本。這樣的媒體真實隨著時間的拉長，也逐漸的被認知為一種社會真實，與整個大環境結構變得相互生成，慢慢成為一種「被發明的傳統」，自然地存在於眾人的仇韓集體記憶中，等待下一次的觸發時機並且作為媒體可依歸的新聞商品固定產製公式。

Uppsatsen har tre syften. Det första är att introducera modehistoria och modeteori som specifika vetenskapliga områden och det andra är att lyfta fram Coco Chanel och det banbrytande och framåtpekande i hennes modehistoriska insats. Det tredje syftet är att tillämpa de olika allmänna teorierna på Coco Chanels livsgärning. För det tredje syftet är frågeställningen; ”Vilka av de äldre och nyare, ofta inbördes konkurrerande, generella modeteorierna skulle på ett eller annat sätt kunna tillämpas på Coco Chanels liv och modeskapande?”. I uppsatsen ger jag en modehistorisk bakgrund och genom den visar jag Coco Chanels roll i modets historia. Jag presenterar också sex olika teorier som jag i analysen prövar på Coco Chanel. Dessa teorier är nedsjunkningsteorin, modet som kollektivt urval, mode som praktik, Lars Fr.H Svendsens teori om modets förändring för förändringens skull, Gabriel de Tardes som säger att mode kan gå från de lägre klasserna till de högre samt Eric Hobsbwan som menar att modeskapare har en speciell förmåga att fånga tidsandan. Dessa teorier sätter jag sedan i förhållande till Coco Chanel för att se huruvida de stämmer på Coco Chanels mode. Min undersökning visar att samtliga teorier, både de äldre och de nyare är tillämpbara på Coco Chanel och att de till viss del överensstämmer eller kan förklara Coco Chanels mode och etablering men i andra fall också motbevisas. Orsaken till detta är att Coco Chanel överbryggar mellan den äldre och 1900-talets modehistoria.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / On title page: MPhil (Ancient Cultures). Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos dos Santos.pdf: 1415079 bytes, checksum: 784406a9669bae8a478448dfba4345c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work rescues the reflections of the English marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm about the history of the socialism within the Brief XX Century , more specifically the soviet socialism between the year 1917, in Russia, and the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1991. Beginning from his personal history as a communist activist and as an intellectual of the English Social History we outline his ideas about the socioeconomic and political conditions which originated the October of 1917 and the raise of the so called really existing socialism in the Soviet Union and East Europe, as well as its implications on the history of the XX century, on marxist thinking, and on the political strategies of the international communist movement. Using tools as the ontological conception of the marxist work identified initially by György Lukács and kept on by István Mészáros and José Chasin we tried to analyse the contribution of Hobsbawm s historiographical thinking on the fight to overcome inequalities economic and social injustices created by the hegemonic capitalist mode in the world nowadays / O presente trabalho resgata as reflexões do historiador marxista inglês Eric Hobsbawm sobre a história do socialismo no Breve Século XX , mais especificamente do socialismo de tipo soviético que se desenvolveu entre a Revolução Russa de 1917 e o colapso da União Soviética em 1991. Partindo da sua trajetória pessoal de militante comunista e intelectual de relevo da História Social Inglesa, destacamos suas ideias sobre as condições socioeconômicas e políticas que originaram o Outubro de 1917 e a construção do chamado socialismo realmente existente na União Soviética e no Leste da Europa, bem como suas implicações na história do século XX, no pensamento marxista e nas estratégias políticas do movimento comunista internacional. Municiados pela concepção ontológica da obra marxiana identificada inicialmente por György Lukács e continuada por István Mészáros e José Chasin , procuramos analisar a contribuição do pensamento historiográfico de Hobsbawm na luta pela superação das desigualdades econômicas e injustiças sociais geradas pelo sistema capitalista hegemônico atualmente no mundo

Submitted by Rejane Coelho (rejanecoelho@ufpa.br) on 2018-10-22T14:29:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscuroCoracaoSeculo.pdf: 1832348 bytes, checksum: 11dd68fc538931177edfb0cc1f983204 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rejane Coelho (rejanecoelho@ufpa.br) on 2018-10-22T14:31:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscuroCoracaoSeculo.pdf: 1832348 bytes, checksum: 11dd68fc538931177edfb0cc1f983204 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-22T14:31:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscuroCoracaoSeculo.pdf: 1832348 bytes, checksum: 11dd68fc538931177edfb0cc1f983204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Nesta Tese é proposto um estudo comparativo entre as obras de João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) — com destaque para o romance Grande sertão: veredas (1956) e os “cronicontos” alemães de Ave, palavra (1970) — e a historiografia de Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012), enfeixada em Bandidos (1969) e Era dos Extremos (1994). O fio aparente que liga as produções destes dois observadores históricos do século XX é a preocupação de ambos com o homem comum em detrimento aos fatos históricos e aos espaços geográficos demarcados. O presente exame espera demonstrar como a história ocidental no século XX infiltra-se na particular inscrita desse autor brasileiro, seja pelo cosmopolitismo do terror forjado em ―O mau humor de Wotan‖, seja pelo remoto sertão caracterizado como o próprio mundo pela fala do protagonista Riobaldo. Acerca desta obra, afirma-se que esta topografia, diferente da tradição regionalista, se erige tal qual uma metonímia de todos os lugares, portanto, distante de um saudosismo sertanejo. Alguns exemplos dessa ressonância histórica abundam nesse romance, como os grandes fenômenos vivenciados no século passado: a emancipação feminina e a crítica aos modelos liberais, os quais geraram os bandidos sociais em algumas regiões do globo, e com estes um acontecimento específico na passagem do século XIX para o XX: a eclosão dos primeiros Estados-paralelos de procedência rural originada pelas catástrofes ocorridas na Europa, as quais levaram as personagens das narrativas ―A velha‖ e ―A senhora dos segredos‖ a acreditarem na ilusão de liberdade em território brasileiro. Assim, os temas da ―nova mulher‖ e dos movimentos de resistência social nas periféricas zonas do capitalismo são de grande relevância tanto para a obra rosiana, quanto para o trabalho deste intelectual britânico, pois, em ambos, a documentação histórica se constitui em algo circunstancial em que as dimensões míticas dialogam com as composições ideológicas. Tendo a ambiguidade como a tônica das relações humanas e de poder do século XX e da ficção rosiana, o jagunço ficcional ora se assemelha ao paladino robinwoodiano, arquétipo ideal do bom bandido, quanto ao criminoso comum, figura proscrita pelas leis do Estado e pela aceitação do público geral. Este trabalho analisa — com o auxílio da Estética da Recepção e das contribuições críticas de Antonio Candido (1918-2017) — o percurso traçado pelas sociedades ocidentais no breve século XX no intuito de encontrar outras formas de subexistir em meio à desintegração dos valores desenhados pelo iluminismo setecentista. Integrando essas construções estético-científicas, é possível estabelecer uma interpretação mais completa de uma das muitas faces da realidade contemporânea, época em que o globo, perplexo, observou ruir impérios e a civilidade diante da barbárie praticada em regiões, como o sertão (real ou metafórico), esquecidas pelo capitalismo e pelo desgastado poder público. Nesta dialética, por um lado, amplia-se o estudo do tema do banditismo social hobsbawmiano, acrescentando-se à sua tipologia a figura do jagunço, por outro, denota-se em Guimarães Rosa uma atitude excepcional diante da violência e da barbárie observada em um período de exceção como o nosso em que todas as escritas se configuram em cantos de sobrevivência ou réquiens da liberdade. / This thesis proposes a comparative study of the works of João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) — especially the novel Grande sertão: veredas (1956) and the German ―cronicontos‖ Ave, Palavra (1970) — and the historiography of Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012), clustered in Bandits (1969) and Age of extremes (1994). The apparent thread linking the productions of these two historical observers of the twentieth century is the concern of both with the common man over the historical facts and the demarcated geographical spaces. This survey hopes to show how Western history in the twentieth century infiltrates the particular writing of this Brazilian author, either by the cosmopolitanism of the horror forged in ―O Mau Humor de Wotan‖, or by the remote hinterland characterized as the world itself by the speech of the protagonist Riobaldo. About this work, it is stated that this topography, different from the regionalist tradition, is erected just like a metonymy of all places, therefore, far from a backcountry nostalgia. Some examples of this historical resonance abound in this novel, as the great phenomena experienced in the past century: the emancipation of women and the criticism of the liberal models, which generated social bandits in some regions of the globe, and with these a specific event in the turn of the XIX century: the emergence of the first states-parallel from rural areas caused by disasters in Europe, which led the characters of the narrative ―A Velha‖ and ―A Senhora dos Segredos‖ to believe in the illusion of freedom in Brazil. Thus, the themes of the ―new woman‖ and of social resistance movements in peripheral capitalism areas are of great importance both for Rosa‘s work, and for the work of this British intellectual, because in both the historical documentation constitutes something circumstantial in which the mythic dimensions dialogue with the ideological compositions. Having ambiguity as the keynote of human relationships and power of the twentieth century and Rosa‘s fiction, the fictional bandit now resembles the Robin Wood‘s Paladin, ideal archetype of good villain, as the common criminal, figure proscribed by the laws of the State and the acceptance of the general public. This paper analyzes — with the help of Aesthetics of Reception and critical contributions of Antonio Candido (1918-2017) — the route traced by the Western societies in the short XX century in order to find other ways to coexist amid the disintegration of the values designed by the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. By integrating these aesthetic and scientific constructions, it is possible to establish a more complete interpretation of one of the many faces of contemporary reality, time in which the perplexed globe watched crumbling empires and civility in the face of barbarism practiced in regions such as the hinterland (real or metaphorical) forgotten by the capitalism and worn government. This dialectic, on one hand, broadens the study of the theme of Hobsbawm‘s social banditry, adding to his typology the gangster figure. On the other hand, it denotes in Guimarães Rosa an exceptional attitude against the violence and barbarism seen in a period of exception, like ours, in which all the writings are configured in survival corners or requiems of freedom. / En esta Tesis es propuesto un estudio comparativo entre las obras de João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) — con destaque para el romance Grande sertão: veredas (1956) y los ―cronicontos‖ alemanes de Ave, palavra (1970) — y la historiografía de Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012), alzada en Bandidos (1969) y Era dos Extremos (1994). El hilo aparente que liga las producciones de estos dos observadores históricos del siglo XX es la preocupación de ambos con el hombre común en detrimento a los hechos históricos y a los espacios geográficos demarcados. El presente examen espera demonstrar como la historia occidental en el siglo XX se infiltra en la particular inscrita de ese autor brasileño, sea por el cosmopolitismo del terror falsificado en ―O mau humor de Wotan‖, sea por el remoto sertón caracterizado como el propio mundo por el habla del protagonista Riobaldo. Acerca de esta obra, se afirma que esta topografía, diferente de la tradición regionalista, se erecta tal cual una metonimia de todos los lugares, por lo tanto, distante de un saudosismo sertanejo. Algunos ejemplos de esa resonancia histórica se abundan en ese romance, como los grandes fenómenos experimentados en el siglo pasado: la emancipación femenina y la crítica a los modelos liberales, los cuales generaron los bandidos sociales en algunas regiones del globo, y con estos un acontecimiento específico en el pasaje del siglo XIX para el XX: la eclosión de los primeros Estados paralelos de procedencia rural originada por las catástrofes ocurridas en Europa, las cuales hicieron que los personajes de las narrativas ―A velha‖ y ―A senhora dos segredos‖ a creyeran en ilusión de libertad en territorio brasileño. Así, los temas de la ―nueva mujer‖ y de los movimientos de resistencia social en las periféricas zonas del capitalismo son de grande relevancia tanto para la obra rosiana, como para el trabajo de este intelectual británico, pues, en ambos, la documentación histórica se constituye en algo circunstancial en que las dimensiones míticas dialogan con las composiciones ideológicas. Teniendo la ambigüedad como la tónica de las relaciones humanas y de poder del siglo XX y de la ficción rosiana, el jagunço ficcional se asemeja al paladino robinwoodiano, arquetipo ideal del buen bandido, como al criminoso común, figura proscrito por las leyes del Estado y por la aceptación del público general. Este trabajo analiza — con el auxilio de la Estética de la Recepción y de las contribuciones críticas de Antonio Candido (1918-2017) — el recorrido trazado por las sociedades occidentales en el breve siglo XX en el intuito de encontrar otras formas de supervivir en medio a la desintegración de los valores diseñados por el iluminismo del siglo XVIII. Integrando esas construcciones estético científicas, es posible establecer una interpretación más completa de una de las muchas caras de la realidad contemporánea, época que el globo, perplejo, observó caer imperios y la civilidad delante la barbarie practicada en regiones, como el sertón (real o metafórico), olvidados por el capitalismo y por el desgastado poder público. En esta dialéctica, por un lado, se amplía el estudio del tema del bandidismo social hobsbawmiano, agregándose a su tipología la figura del jagunzo, por otro, se denota en Guimarães Rosa una actitud excepcional delante la violencia y de la barbarie observada en un período de excepción como el nuestro en que todas las escritas se configuran en cantos de sobrevivencia o réquiems de la libertad. / UFPA - Universidade Federal do Pará

The aim of this work is to help claryfying the question of why members of baráčník's clubs, who are engaged in maintaining national traditions, are nowadays talking about the decline or even the end of their movement and how they are trying to resist this threat. Baráčník's movement is understood in this work as an artificially created tradition of the late 19th century, which is confronted with today's social reality, which according to one theory, can also be described as an society of experience. In the first phase of the thesis, it is first introduced how, on the basis of concrete arrangements, a centrally organized movement focused on the care of national customs and traditions emerged from the network of pubs table companies. It is monitored how the headquarter of baráčník's movement worked on standardization of baráčník's ideology, symbolism and program. It also shows how these changes in ideology were approached by the members themselves and the public. Special attention is focused on finding the answer, why it was possible that baráčník's clubs have not been canceled in the era of communist regime. In the second phase are solved the problems, how baráčníks organize their activities today, how they thematize their problems with lack of interest in their program and finally how they present...

Dans un village du Haut Atlas marocain, une fête abandonnée depuis plus de quinze ans a été renouvelée en 2010, attirant des journalistes, des anthropologues et des associatifs. L’étude du renouvellement de la tradition lors de cette fête, au niveau du discours, du contenu des performances et des interactions sociales, nous permet de réinterroger les modèles théoriques de la fabrication de tradition. Un processus sous-jacent apparaît comme la base de ce renouvellement, la singularisation, une forme particulière de résistance à la culture de l’État-nation ou à toute autre culture hégémonique. La singularisation est présente dans chaque élément de la fête. Elle définit un certain rapport au passé par lequel celui-ci est un miroir inversé du présent, mis en scène comme objet de perte. Elle définit également le choix culturel entre deux traditions musicales présentes dans la région. Ces mécanismes reposent sur une nouvelle logique spatiale qui résulte des récents changements économiques et politiques au Maroc. Dans cette nouvelle organisation spatiale où le pouvoir se situe en dehors du local, les femmes sont marginalisées et les figures intermédiaires deviennent le centre du renouvellement de la tradition. L’étude de la singularisation permet de mettre en lumière des processus de fabrication de l’identité, de dégager les conditions de survie culturelle d’un groupe, de caractériser le rapport entre un événement culturel et le changement social, et de préciser les modèles théoriques sur la tradition. / In a village of the High Atlas in Morocco, a celebration which has been abandoned for more than fifteen years has been renewed in 2010, bringing along journalists, anthropologists and militant associatives. The study of the renewal of tradition in this celebration, through discourse, performances and social interaction, allows us to put into question the models on the fabrication of tradition. The underlying process of this renewal is singularisation, a specific form of resistance to the nationalist culture or any other cultural hegemony. Singularisation is present in every element of the celebration. It determines a specific link to the past by which it appears as the reversed image of the present, staged as object of loss. It also determines cultural choices such as the one between two musical traditions. Such mechanisms respond to a new spatial organization which is a direct consequence of the recent economic and political changes in Morocco. In this organization, power is no more in the local but outside the community’s territory. Women are marginalized and intermediary figures become the center of the renewal of tradition. The study of singularisation enables to explain how identity is made, to determine conditions for the cultural survival of a group, to characterize the relation between a cultural event and social change, and to bring new elements to the theories of tradition.

Dans un village du Haut Atlas marocain, une fête abandonnée depuis plus de quinze ans a été renouvelée en 2010, attirant des journalistes, des anthropologues et des associatifs. L’étude du renouvellement de la tradition lors de cette fête, au niveau du discours, du contenu des performances et des interactions sociales, nous permet de réinterroger les modèles théoriques de la fabrication de tradition. Un processus sous-jacent apparaît comme la base de ce renouvellement, la singularisation, une forme particulière de résistance à la culture de l’État-nation ou à toute autre culture hégémonique. La singularisation est présente dans chaque élément de la fête. Elle définit un certain rapport au passé par lequel celui-ci est un miroir inversé du présent, mis en scène comme objet de perte. Elle définit également le choix culturel entre deux traditions musicales présentes dans la région. Ces mécanismes reposent sur une nouvelle logique spatiale qui résulte des récents changements économiques et politiques au Maroc. Dans cette nouvelle organisation spatiale où le pouvoir se situe en dehors du local, les femmes sont marginalisées et les figures intermédiaires deviennent le centre du renouvellement de la tradition. L’étude de la singularisation permet de mettre en lumière des processus de fabrication de l’identité, de dégager les conditions de survie culturelle d’un groupe, de caractériser le rapport entre un événement culturel et le changement social, et de préciser les modèles théoriques sur la tradition. / In a village of the High Atlas in Morocco, a celebration which has been abandoned for more than fifteen years has been renewed in 2010, bringing along journalists, anthropologists and militant associatives. The study of the renewal of tradition in this celebration, through discourse, performances and social interaction, allows us to put into question the models on the fabrication of tradition. The underlying process of this renewal is singularisation, a specific form of resistance to the nationalist culture or any other cultural hegemony. Singularisation is present in every element of the celebration. It determines a specific link to the past by which it appears as the reversed image of the present, staged as object of loss. It also determines cultural choices such as the one between two musical traditions. Such mechanisms respond to a new spatial organization which is a direct consequence of the recent economic and political changes in Morocco. In this organization, power is no more in the local but outside the community’s territory. Women are marginalized and intermediary figures become the center of the renewal of tradition. The study of singularisation enables to explain how identity is made, to determine conditions for the cultural survival of a group, to characterize the relation between a cultural event and social change, and to bring new elements to the theories of tradition.

Thesis (MPhil (Dept. of Ancient Studies) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This thesis sets out to examine, as far as possible within the constraints of a limited study such as this, the nature of the Jewish protest movement against the occupation of their homeland by the Roman Empire in the years after the territory had become a direct province of the Empire. These protests were mainly instigated by and initially led by Jewish peasants who experienced the worst aspects of becoming a part of the larger Roman world.

本論文研究渥雷‧索因卡《死亡與國王的侍衛長》一劇，以及本劇對約魯巴（Yoruba）人孤注一擲抵制西化卻徒勞無功的境遇所做的關注。本劇改編真實歷史，重演一九四五年在奈及利亞奧約（Oyo）城發生的動亂。當時應舉行侍衛長（Horseman）自殺儀式，然而英國殖民者以武力中斷。本劇一方面解釋這個儀式在約魯巴社會的重要性，另一方面揭露侍衛長心不甘情不願了結生命，並斷言活人獻祭這類殘忍的傳統必然要革除，特別是在因英國殖民而致的動盪時刻。 / 論文分為四個章節，依據米哈依爾‧巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）的時空型（chronotope）理論，探究《死亡與國王的侍衛長》其社會歷史背景與戲劇表演手法。第一章介紹作者和劇本，並回顧評論，以及說明接下來討論的議題和理論架構。第二章分析文本與現實世界相互輝映的關係。艾瑞克‧霍布斯邦（Eric Hobsbawm）在〈發明傳統〉（"Inventing Traditions"）的見解用以闡明傳統是因時制宜的產物。比爾‧阿希克洛夫特（Bill Ashcroft）等三人提出的後殖民典型，有助於瞭解約魯巴人為了阻擋外來影響竭力奮戰，儘管殖民政府的干預相當強勢。第三章詮釋劇中人物的性格特徵，以弗朗茲‧法農（Frantz Fanon）告誡不可畫地自限的觀點為鑑。無法順應社會變異因此冥頑不靈的人，失去了看世界的洞察力。而那些猶豫不決者，為了遵從老一套的價值觀，受煎熬得筋疲力盡。第四章總結本文，認為本劇主張靈活性和果斷力以進行改變。 / This thesis studies Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman and its concerns for the Yoruba people's desperate but futile resistance to Westernization. Adapted from a real historical event, this play reenacts the disturbance in the Oyo city of Nigeria in 1945, when the ritual of the Horseman's suicide was interrupted by the British colonial force. While the play explains the importance of the ritual in the Yoruba society, it reveals the Horseman's reluctance to end his life and asserts that cruel tradition like human immolation must be reformed especially at the fluctuating moment caused by the British colonization. / Consisting of four chapters, this thesis relies on Mikhail Bakhtin's chronotope to explore the socio-historical context and theatrical representation of Death and the King's Horseman. Chapter one introduces the dramatist and the play, reviews critical opinions, and illustrates the purpose and theoretical framework of the following discussion. Chapter Two, which analyzes the interrelationship between textual and actual worlds, adopts Eric Hobsbawm's "Inventing Traditions" to clarify tradition as produced according to specific circumstances. The postcolonial models proposed by Ashcroft et al helps understand the Yoruba people's struggle for no foreign impact despite powerful intervention by the colonial government. Chapter Three interprets the roles' characterization with the aid of Frantz Fanon's warning of self-confinement. Unable to adjust to social variances, the obstinate people blind their vision of the world, while those procrastinating become dead exhausted by difficult conformity to old values. Chapter Four concludes that this play argues for resilience and resolution to make difference.