INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar o impacto dos feriados do Natal e Ano Novo na mortalidade por doença coronariana, AVC, insuficiência cardíaca, acidente de transporte, suicídio e homicídio na cidade de São Paulo, 1996 a 2009. Os objetivos secundários foram investigar outras efemérides, como carnaval, copa do mundo e rebaixamento de times paulistas (Corinthians e Palmeiras), ataque do PCC no ano de 2006. Além disso, foram investigadas associações entre variáveis ambientais, culturais com a mortalidade, como sazonalidade, dia da semana, atributos do clima e poluentes atmosféricos. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico e retrospectivo. Os dados diários de mortalidade foram obtidos pelo PRO-AIM. O estudo realizou três tipos de análise: (1) comparação de médias; (2) tendência; (3) regressão linear. Análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizada para comparar a média de mortes entre as estações do ano e entre os dias da semana. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. No caso das efemérides, foi utilizado o mesmo teste (ANOVA) para comparar com a média de mortes da data controle. A análise de tendência foi realizada pelo programa joinpoint regression. Foi considerada a média de mortes por semana epidemiológica ao longo do ano (53 semanas) bem como os dias próximos ao Natal e Ano novo. O objetivo dessa análise foi identificar alguma alteração das mortes no período do Natal e Ano novo. Para a análise da associação entre mortalidade e variáveis ambientais, foram escolhidos dois períodos do ano: 24 de dezembro a 1 de janeiro e 24 de junho a 2 de julho. Foram calculadas as médias anuais para cada causa de morte bem como de cada variável ambiental, ano a ano. Foi utilizado teste para o coeficiente de correlação e regressão linear para estimar as associações. RESULTADOS: Foi identificado um excesso de homicídio no período do Natal e Ano novo para o sexo masculino e total. Considerando-se apenas o feriado (25 de dezembro e 1 de janeiro) o excesso de homicídio foi de 7,81 (p<0,01) mortes para o total. As demais efemérides não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação às respectivas datas de controle. A análise de variância, para o grupo de doenças cardiovasculares, identificou um pico significativo de mortes no inverno. Suicídio e homicídio apresentaram picos nas estações quentes. Acidente de transporte não apresentou padrão definido. Quanto ao dia da semana, doença coronariana apresentou excesso de mortes na segunda-feira, insuficiência na terça-feira. AVC não apresentou padrão definido. Homicídio e acidente de transporte apresentaram maior frequência de mortes aos finais de semana. Suicídio apresentou picos no domingo e segunda-feira. A análise de tendência identificou um pico no meio do ano, correspondente ao inverno, para mortes por doenças cardiovasculares. Acidente de transporte apresentou queda no período do Natal e Ano novo. Considerando-se os dias próximos ao Natal e Ano novo, não foi identificada nenhuma alteração da tendência. Na análise de regressão, para doença coronariana, foi identificada associação negativa com a temperatura mínima e positiva com NO2, para o total e sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: Foi identificado um pico significativo de homicídios no Natal e Ano novo, que pode ser explicado parcialmente pela teoria de atividade de rotina. Quanto à sazonalidade os resultados condizem com a literatura, ou seja, mortes por doenças cardiovasculares mais frequentes no inverno, suicídio e homicídio no verão. Em relação ao dia da semana foram identificados alguns resultados diferenciados, como maior ocorrência de mortes por insuficiência cardíaca as terças-feiras e suicídio aos domingos e segundas-feiras / INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Christmas and New Years holidays in the mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, traffic accidents, suicide and homicide in the city of São Paulo, 1996 to 2009. Secondary objectives were to investigate other ephemerides, like carnival, world cup and demotion of the football teams (Corinthians and Palmeiras), PCC attack in 2006. In addition, we investigated associations between environmental and cultural variables with mortality, as seasonality, day of week, weather and air pollutants. METHODS: An ecological and retrospective study. The daily mortality data were obtained through PRO-AIM. The study conducted three types of analysis: (1) comparison of means, (2) trend, (3) linear regression. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the average number of deaths between seasons and between the day of the week. The level of significance was 0.05. In the case of the ephemeris, we used the same test (ANOVA) to compare with the deaths with the control period. A trend analysis was performed by the joinpoint regression program. It was considered the average of deaths per epidemiological week throughout the year (53 weeks) and the days near Christmas and New Year. The purpose of this analysis was to identify any changes in the deaths during this period. For the analysis of association between mortality and environmental variables were chosen two periods of the year: December 24 to January 1 and June 24 to July 2. Annual averages were calculated for each cause of death as well as each environmental variable from year to year. Test was used for the coefficient of correlation and linear regression to estimate associations. RESULTS: An excess of homicide in the period around Christmas and New Year was identified for males and total. Considering only the holiday (December 25 and January 1) the excess of homicide was 7.81 (p <0.01) for total deaths. Other ephemerides did not differ significantly from their respective control dates. The analysis of variance for the group of cardiovascular disease, identified a significant peak of deaths in winter. Suicide and homicide peaked in the warm seasons. Transport accident showed no definite pattern. Considering the day of the week, coronary heart disease showed an excess of deaths on Monday, heart failure on Tuesday. Stroke showed no definite pattern. Homicide and transport accident deaths were more frequent on weekends. Suicide peaks were on Sunday and Monday. Trend analysis identified a peak in the middle of the year, corresponding to winter, only to deaths from cardiovascular disease. Traffic accidents decreased during the Christmas and New Year. Considering the days near Christmas and New Year, no change was identified. In regression analysis, coronary heart disease was negatively associated with minimum temperatura and positively with NO2, for the total and male. CONCLUSION: We identified a significant spike of homicides in the Christmas and New Year, which can be partially explained by the theory of routine activity. The seasonality results consistent with the literature, ie, deaths from cardiovascular disease more common in winter, suicide and homicide in the summer. Regarding the day of the week have been identified differing results, as higher incidence of deaths from heart failure on Tuesdays and suicide on Sunday and Monday

Five suggested experiments from tested Pro-environmental behavior change studies made in different advance economy countries were applied in the emerging economy tourist destination: Samalayuca Sand Dunes Park in Ciudad Juárez, Chih. México.  Results show that promoting connectivity between  the tourist and the destination, framing actions for tourists who are not aware about sustainable practices, encouraging sustainable actions with non monetary incentives, and reminding tourists faults against the environment are sucessful techniques to enhance pro-environmental behaviors in tourists; while a combination of these practices may enhance positive spillover to increase such actions and thus, helping to close the ”holiday” gap or the unsustainable behavior tourists show during travel. / Cinco experimentos para un comportamiento pro-ambiental sugeridos por diferentes estudios en la materia, son aplicados al destino turístico de Las Dunas de Samalayuca en el municipio de Juárez, Chih. México.  Los resultados prueban que la conección entre el turista y la comunidad que visita, junto con la delimitación de acciones pro-ambientales, la promoción de acciones sustentables con actividades no monetarias, y el recordar las faltas anti-sustentables en el pasado, son ténicas que funcionan para motivar al turista a tener un comportamiento pro-ambiental (en este caso, no tirar basura). Los resultados también muestran que una combinación de éstos experimentos promueve la realización de acciones sustentables más complicadas o con mayor responsabilidad, como recoger la basura de otros, o el reciclaje. / <p>The presentation was given as ViVA, were all opponents and exponents were students. </p> / Pro-environmental behavior in masses

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This thesis presents the use of the uppermost place in Znojmo - Hradište . The objective was to create a center of archeology at the heart of Hradiště with connection to cycling and walking routes , but also attract visitors and revive the whole Znojmo. Archeological museum needs three functions ( research, culture , recreation) that complement each other . The main gist of the division is the fact that cultural are is created by research but used by recreational areas. There are designed three buildings , each of which has a different function. In account is the historic environment and the overall concept of settlement. The area is designed with the aim of developing and transferring nature of philosophy from archeology to architecture. Buildings in the south notionally closed top shape and follows on shape neighboring monastery.Division into two units allow connection of streets Mašovická and Křižovnické . Schematic plan view of the southern part of the site is designed with the recreational areas in shapes inspired by human bone under a microscope. Culture uilding located in the northern part of the site follows the curvature of the final contour . By using complementary cultural remains ( foundations ) Moravian stone church , the highlighted field . Inspiration unit is based on archaeological finds ruins . The building is divided into several unequal masses, each of which performs a specific function . Trying transcript archaeological finds in architecture is also designed in detail. The proportions of wall and grassy areas before entering the cultural building is inspired by the shape and proportions of the graves that were found at the Great Moravian Slavic necropolis .

This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, be ready to work on call, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel espenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary side expenses, budget, financial sources

This is the proposal of the new utilization of the former recreational centre, which is situated in the beautiful surrounding of the Brno lake. It has been abandoned for many years and is suffering from decay. It has been built in the 1970's for the demand of the Socialistic youth union (remark: the youth organisation of the communist's party). There were held international political conventions and educational sojourns for the students of high schools and universities. The new utilization will be analogous. Only the communist's ideals will be replaced with the ideals of today's democratical society – especially friendly relations between mankind and environment. There will be created the environmental educational centre with the meeting spaces, conference hall and accomodation. The universal concept enables the usage of the facility also for the international students' workshops, training courses, teambuilding events etc. The ecological educational centre primarily makes the good example and is the live educational requisite. Thanks to the concept of the original facility is very convenient the refurbishment to the standard of the energetically passive building, which consists from the natural materials and utilizes renewable energy resources. Because of the very poor technical condition and devastation of the building will be re-used only basement and steel framework. This solution is more economical than the demolition and following new construction. The construction core of the building is almost for free. However, only if we make minimal changes in the framework and we preserve the original building's shape. On the steel framework will be created the new lightweight housing, which will be made from wood, straw pannels and filled with the cannabis thermal insulation. Almost all the roofs will be covered with the photovoltaic foils and the heat source will be air heat pump. The area is very pleasant place to stay. It's full of sunshine all day long and offers very beautiful view of the lake. The main building and bungalows profit of the attractive views. All the former recreational area has was designed to make the people meeting together and to provide the freedom of move and wide variety of activities. However, the rooms and bungalows provide the highest privacy. The inside and outside of the buildings are shading into each other. All the recreational ground – in exterior and interior – is full of liveliness, in the opposite of the rooms, which are the private islands. This aspect, which is present in the former concept from the 1970's, is to be preserved. The former hotel building is distinguished by the quality architectural concept, above-average in the age of origin. It is thanks to the dynamically balanced composition – inspirative today too, and visually interesting interior design of the meeting spaces. This proposal attempts to continue in this qualities. The ground is enriched with the relaxational spaces and the outside gym path. In the opposite of the original state the area is open to the public and is utilized as a park for leisure activities.

Thesis (PhD (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis undertakes a comparative examination of South African and Kenyan auto/biographical narratives of crime and imprisonment. Although some attention is paid to narratives of political imprisonment, the study focuses primarily on autobiographical accounts by criminals, confessional narratives, popular fiction about crime and prison experience, and journalistic accounts of prison life. There is very little critical work at this moment that refers to these forms of prison writing in South Africa and Kenya. Popular prison narratives and to a certain extent the autobiographical in general are characterised by an under-theorised dialecticism. As academic concepts, both the popular and the autobiographical form are characterised by an unstable duality. While the popular has been theorised as being both a field of resistance to power and of consent to its demands, the autobiographical occupies a similar precariously divided position, in this case between fact and fiction, a place where the „I‟ that narrates is simultaneously the subject and object of the narrative. In examining an eclectic body of texts that share the prison as common denominator, my study problematises the tension between self and world, popular and canonical, political and criminal, factual and fictional. In both settings, South Africa and Kenya, the prison as a material and discursive space does not only mirror society but effects shifts and changes in society, and becomes a space of dynamic adaptation and also a locus that disturbs certain hegemonic relations. The way in which the experience of prison opens up to a fundamentally unsettling ambiguity resonates with the ambivalence that characterises both autobiography as genre and the popular as a theoretical concept. My thesis argues that during the entire historical period covered by the narratives that I examine there is a certain excess that attends on the social production of criminality and the practice of imprisonment, both as material realities and as discursive concepts, which allows them to have a haunting effect both on individuals‟ notions of „the self‟ and the constitution of national identities and nationhoods. I argue that the distinction between the colonial and the postcolonial prison is hazy. Therefore a comparative study of Kenyan and South African prison literature helps us understand how modern prisons and notions of criminality in contemporary Africa are intertwined with the broad European colonial project, reflecting larger issues of state power and control over the populace. In relation to South Africa, my study begins with Ruth First‟s 117 Days (1963), and makes a selection of other prisons narratives throughout the apartheid era up to the post-apartheid period which was ushered in by Mandela‟s Long Walk to Freedom (1994). Moving beyond Mandela, I examine other forms of South African crime and prison narratives which have emerged since the publication of Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela‟s A Human Being Died that Night (2003) and Jonny Steinberg‟s The Number (2004). In Kenya, I begin with Ngugi wa Thiongo‟s Detained (1981). I then focus on popular narratives of crime and imprisonment which began with the publication of John Kiriamiti‟s My Life in Crime (1984) up to the first decade of the 21st century, marked yet again by the publication of Kiriamiti‟s My Life in Prison (2004). Besides Kiriamiti‟s two narratives, the other Kenyan texts which I examine are John Kiggia Kimani‟s Life and Times of a Bank Robber (1988) and Prison is not a Holiday Camp (1994), Benjamin Garth Bundeh‟s Birds of Kamiti (1991), and Charles Githae‟s, Comrade Inmate (1994). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: My proefskrif onderneem ‟n vergelykende studie van Suid-Afrikaanse en Keniaanse auto/biografiese narratiewe van misdaad en gevangeneskap. Hoewel aandag tot ‟n mate geskenk word aan verhale van politieke gevangeneskap, is die primêre fokus van die studie eerder op autobiografiese narratiewe deur misdadigers, konfessionele narratiewe, populêre fiksie met betrekking tot misdaad en gevangenis-ondervindinge, sowel as joernalistieke verslae oor gevangenes se lewens agter tralies. Min kritiese werk is tot dusver in verband met hierdie vorme van gevangenis-narratiewe in Suid-Afrika en Kenia gedoen. Populêre prisoniers-narratiewe, en tot ‟n mate autobiografieë oor die algemeen, word deur ‟n onder-geteoriseerde dialektisisme gekenmerk. As akademiese konsepte word beide die populêre en die autobiografiese vorme deur ‟n onstabiele dualisme gekenmerk. Terwyl die populêre tipe geteoretiseer word as sowel ‟n vorm van weerstand teen mag as van toegee daaraan, word aan die autobiografiese tipe ‟n soortgelyke onstabiele, verdeelde rol toegeskryf – in hierdie geval, tussen feitelikheid en fiksie, ‟n plek waar die “ek” wat vertel terselfdertyd die subjek en objek van die verhaal is. Deur middel van ‟n eklektiese versameling van tekste wat die gevangenis as verwysingspunt deel, problematiseer my verhandeling die spanning tussen self en wêreld, die populêre en die gekanoniseerde, die politieke en die kriminele, die feitelike en die fiktiewe. In beide kontekste, Suid-Afrika en Kenia, weerspieël die gevangenis as diskursiewe spasie nie alleenlik die gemeenskapsomgewing nie, maar veroorsaak dit ook veranderings en verskuiwings in die gemeenskap – sodoende word die gevangenis self ‟n ruimte van dinamiese verandering en ‟n plek wat sekere hegemoniese verhoudings versteur. Die manier waarop die ondervinding van gevangeneskap lei tot ‟n fundamentele versteurende dubbelsinningheid resoneer met die dubbelsinnigheid wat beide die autobiografiese as genre en die populêre as teoretiese konsep karakteriseer. My tesis voer aan dat, gedurende die ganse historiese tydperk wat gedek word deur die narratiewe wat ek hier betrag, daar ‟n sekere oormaat is wat die sosiale produksie van misdaad en die toepassing van gevangesetting begelei, beide as stoflike werklikhede en as diskursiewe konsepte, wat hulle toelaat om ‟n kwellende effek uit te oefen beide of individuele mense se sin van „self‟ en die samestelling van nasionale identiteite en nasionaliteite. Ek voer aan dat die onderskeid tussen die koloniale en die postkoloniale gevangenis onduidelik is, en dat ‟n vergelykende studie van Keniaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse gevangenes-narratiewe ons dus help om te verstaan hoe moderne tronke en idees oor misdaad in Afrika deureengevleg is met die breë Europese koloniale projek, en groter kwessies van staatsmag en beheer oor die bevolking weerspieël. In Suid Afrika begin my studie met Ruth First se 117 Days (1963), en maak dan ‟n seleksie van ander gevangenes-narratiewe van die apartheid-era tot en met die post-apartheid oomblik wat deur Mandela se Long Walk to Freedom ingelui word. Ek vestig dan my aandag op ander vorme van Suid-Afrikaanse misdaad- en gevangenes-narratiewe wat sedert die publikasie van Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela se A Human Being Died that Night (2003) en Jonny Steinberg se The Number (2004) verskyn het. In Kenia begin ek met Ngugi wa Thiongo se Detained (1981), en kyk dan ten slotte na populêre narratiewe van misdaad en gevangeneskap wat hulle aanvang vind met die publikasie van John Kiriamiti se My Life in Crime (1984) tot en met die eerste dekade van die 21ste eeu, nogmaals gemerk deur die publikasie van Kiriamiti se My Life in Prison (2004).