Syftet med studien är att på en kommunal nivå undersöka hur arbetet och kompetensen kring hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck ser ut inom socialtjänsten. Fokus är på socialarbetares upplevelser och resonemang kring hedersrelaterat våld. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och syftet har uppnåtts genom semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med socialarbetare i 15 kommuner, fördelat på två län. Den insamlade datan har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Intervjudeltagarnas uttalanden har tolkats med hjälp av Michael Lispkys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati och handlingsutrymme samt med begrepp som kulturessentialism och postkolonial teori.  Resultatet visar på att det finns särskild kompetens om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck inom de flesta kommuner men att den ofta är knuten till enskilda handläggare. Det har även framkommit hur viktigt kunskap är för att identifiera och ge rätt stöd i hedersrelaterade ärenden. Gemensamt för de insatser som erbjuds offer, familj och förövare är att få av dem är anpassade för hedersproblematik. De insatser som erbjuds utsatta individer tycks tillgodose deras behov av skydd men tvingar också individen att genomgå stora uppoffringar, därmed finns ett behov av att utveckla och förbättra dessa insatser. Vidare framgår att det finns delade meningar om vad hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck antas bero på samt inom vilka familjer det förekommer. Vissa uttrycker att hedersrelaterat våld endast förekommer inom vissa kulturer och grupper, medan andra menar att så inte är fallet. / The purpose of the following study is to examine how the work is organized on a municipal level and what expertise social workers in different municipalities have about honor-related violence. The focus is on social workers experiences and reasoning about honor-related violence. The study has a qualitative research approach, and the purpose has been achieved by doing semi-structured interviews per telephone with social workers from 15 municipalities, divided into two regions. The collected data has been analyzed through a thematic analysis. The statements of the study participants have been interpreted with help from Michael Lipsky's theory about street-level bureaucracy and discretion and also by the terms culture essentialism and postcolonial theory.  The results show that in most of the municipalities the social workers have special skills about honor-related violence, though the skills are often directly linked to individual employees in the organization. It has also emerged how important knowledge is to be able to identify and to give the right support in honor-related cases. Common for the interventions social services are offering victims, families and perpetrators is that few of them are adjusted for honor-related issues. The interventions that are offered to victims seems to meet their needs of shelter although it comes with great personal sacrifices, therefore there is a need to develop and improve the interventions. Further there are split opinions about what the causes for honor-related violence are and within which groups it occurs. Some of the participants expresses that honor-related violence only occurs in certain cultures and groups, while other claims the opposite.

People living with honor-related violence and oppression has in many cases a limited room for maneuver. Even though it exists several organizations today that work to support vulnerable people in Sweden, the problems remain. The present study aims to examine Swedish located and thereby obtain an increased knowledge and a deeper understanding of the organizations work and their crime prevention efforts against honor-related violence and oppression. The study conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with five different organizations, all of which worked with support and protection efforts for people who are exposed to honor-related violence and oppression. The results showed that the context of honor is governed by patriarchal societal that are reproduced for generations. As, according to the context of honor, it is of great importance that women follow the group’s norms, it leads to women being most exposed to the problem. Therefore, should more organizations develop preventive measures towards changing attitudes of the perpetrator. At last, the results showed that more knowledge is required to be able to create more long-term efforts that prevent the emergence of honor-related violence and oppression. / Personer som lever med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck har i många fall ett begränsat handlingsutrymme. Trots att det idag finns flera verksamheter som arbetar med att stödja personer som är utsatta i Sverige, kvarstår problematiken. Den föreliggande studien syftar till att undersöka svenskbelägna verksamheter och därigenom erhålla en ökad kunskap och en djupare förståelse om verksamheternas arbete och deras brottspreventiva insatser mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studien genomförde kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem olika verksamheter som alla arbetade med stöd- och skyddsinsatser till personer som är utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Resultatet visade att hederskontexten styrs utifrån patriarkala samhällsstrukturer som reproduceras i generationer. Då det enligt hederskontexten är av stor vikt att kvinnor efterföljer gruppens normer leder det till att kvinnor blir mest utsatta för problematiken. Därför bör fler verksamheter utveckla förebyggande insatser mot att förändra attityderna hos gärningspersonen. Slutligen krävs mer kunskap för att kunna skapa långsiktiga insatser som förhindrar uppkomsten av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck.

The aim of this study is to capture the perception of Muslims in Sweden in regards to experiences of honor related oppression and violence. Additionally, particular focus is given to Muslims’ thoughts in Sweden on how they are portrayed in Swedish media reports of honor related oppression and violence. A qualitative study was conducted through six interviews with Muslim Swedes in order to express their views, thoughts and experiences of honor related oppression and violence, as well as their opinions on how the Swedish media depicts Muslims with respect to this subject. The empirical findings have been interpreted and analyzed in light of three theoretical frameworks in addition to previous research on honor related oppression and violence. The results of this study indicate that all informants believe that honor related violence and oppression amount to limitation and control over women’s lives. Majority of informants with experience of oppression linked to honor all claim that such oppression is due to culture and honor. Contrastingly, the participants strongly dismiss and denounce Islam as being the contributing factor to honor related oppression and violence. However, results suggest a dissimilitude amongst participants as one of the informants suggests that religion is manipulated to reinforce and justify power structures that allow oppression and violence, which stem from honor, to continue to exist. Moreover, the study reveals that the informants believe that the Swedish media has a tendency to present Muslims as perpetrators of crimes related to honor related violence and killings. The informants call for a distinct definition of honor related oppression and violence, which includes all forms of violence against women.

The intention of this qualitative study is to gain an in-depth understanding of how women break away from honor-related violence and oppression, and how they can be understood in relation to gender and honor-culture. This is done by analyzing the autobiographical text of six different young women describing their experiences of being victims of honor-related violence and oppression. The study shows that it isn't easy for young girls to get out of the oppression and violence. There are several different factors as to why some of them stay and don't seek help. Instead, they feel guilt. It is a long process for the girls, where they have to get past different stages. The last stage for the young woman is understanding, in order for her to heal and move on in life she has to understand what she has gone through and process it, and also reflect on it. This can lead to great sadness for the young woman, thoughts about why they stayed for that long and wasted their own life and time.

Honor-related violence and oppression (HRVO) became a public and state concern in Sweden in the late 1990´s. The murders of three young girls in the name of “honor” sparked a vigorous scholarly and public debate on the causes of honor-related violence (HRV). Two main conflicting explanations emerged, and the phenomenon was constructed to have either cultural roots or seen as a form of patriarchal violence against women. Since then the debate has continued to raise much polemic in the Swedish society. The aim of this study was to gain deeper understanding of how social workers perceive and manage the conflicting discourses on HRVO in Sweden. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 12 key agents working with HRVO. The in-depth interviews were thematically analyzed. The inductive approach used resulted in nuanced findings that show that a cultural reductionism narrative is perceived as dominant regarding how HRVO is explained and tackled. This and the lack of consensus between conflicting perspectives on how HRVO should be explained has greatly affected the social practice with people that experience HRVO. The findings of this study also indicate that a more inclusive and nuanced framework needs to be utilized to address HRVO.

Honor-related violence and oppression are societal issues that are relevant to social work. However, it is an under-researched area with a lack of knowledge, especially regarding boys and young men in an honor context. The existing research primarily focuses on girls and women. The aim of this study was to describe the content of public publications regarding social work on honor-related violence and oppression in relation to boys and young men. The focus was to examine how boys and young men in an honor context are described as both victims and perpetrators. In addition to that, the study also aimed to investigate the interventions available for this target group. Thematic content analysis was used to address the research questions and objectives by analyzing and thematizing the content of public publications. The findings of this study indicate that boys and young men exist in dual roles as both victims and perpetrators, but more emphasis is often placed on their role as perpetrators rather than victims, as girls' and women's victimization is considered more extensive. Furthermore, the study suggests that there are few interventions specifically targeted at boys and young men living in an honor context. The available interventions mainly focus on victims. The results have been analyzed using power theory and street-levelbureaucracy theory. The analysis demonstrates that power is a central aspect in both an honor context and the practice of social work, and that the structure of street-level bureaucracy affects work with this target group. Therefore, this study concludes that more knowledge and work are needed regarding boys and young men in an honor context.

Honor-related violence and oppression is a societal problem that needs to be addressed. Previous research has primarily been focused on defining honor as a term, which has contributed to the schools’ important role in working with honor-related issues being neglected. The essence of this study is not only to create awareness and an understanding of school counselors work with honor-related issues, but it will also account for analyzes of difficulties they have encountered during their time of work. The study is based on six semi-structured interviews with school counselors in one of Sweden's largest cities. The data that is presented in this study is obtained by previous research, articles and reports - as the basis of the study is to deepen the understanding of the school counselors' work with the subject in question. The data gathering of empirical material indicates that honor-related problems are a prevailing phenomenon in Swedens’ schools. The school counselors emphasize a number of dilemmas they are encountered with or have encountered in their profession. The ambivalence is distinctive where there is a clearly expressed fear of appearing xenophobic or risking someone falling through the cracks. The results of the study observes and emphasizes how segregation and the professionals' own attitudes and knowledge can appear as an obstacle to the preventive work with honor-related issues. The study has led to an understanding that in-depth research is of fundamental importance for school professionals’ ability to notice and assist the children and young people who grow up in home conditions characterized by standards of honor. The results of the empirical data are analyzed in relation to selected relevant theoretical frames of reference for the study, symbolic interactionism, segregation and profession theory. / Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett samhällsproblem som behöver uppmärksammas. Tidigare forskning har till större del haft sitt fokus i att definiera heder som ett begrepp vilket har bidragit till att skolans viktiga roll i arbetet med hedersrelaterade frågor gått förlorad. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse kring skolkuratorers arbete med hedersrelaterade frågor samt analysera de hinder som skolkuratorerna upplever i sitt vardagliga arbete. Studien baseras på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolkuratorer i en av Sveriges storstäder. Studiens ändamål har grundat sig i strävan efter en mer djupgående förståelse av skolkuratorernas arbete med dessa komplexa frågor, därav har tidigare forskning, artiklar och rapporter legat till grund för analysen av insamlat empiriskt material. Datainsamlingen av empiriskt material indikerar att hedersproblematik är ett rådande fenomen i Sveriges skolor. I arbetet med studien betonar skolkuratorerna ett flertal dilemman de bemöter eller har bemött i yrket. Ambivalensen är stor där det tydligt uttrycks en rädsla för att framstå som främlingsfientlig eller missa att någon faller mellan stolarna. Resultatet av studien anmärker och poängterar hur segregation och de yrkesverksammas egna inställningar samt kunskaper kan komma att bli ett hinder för det förebyggande arbetet med hedersrelaterade frågor. Studien har föranlett till en förståelse om att djupgående forskning är av fundamental betydelse för att yrkesverksamma inom skolan ska kunna uppmärksamma alla barn och unga som växer upp i hemförhållanden präglade av hedersnormer. Resultatet av empiriskt material analyseras i förhållande till valda relevanta teoretiska referensramar för studiens syfte, symbolisk interaktionism, segregation och professionsteori.

Honor-related violence and oppression is a global social problem where women who are at risk of honor in many cases do not dare to seek help and support from social services. The purpose of this study is to investigate how women are affected by honor-related violence and oppression and what challenges the social service in Sweden is facing. The study is carried out through an overall literature study in the form of 12 scientific articles. The results show that honor-affected women live under constant oppression where standards of honor are more prioritized than the women's well-being and right to freedom. It also shows that the social service is going through a series of different challenges, including through a lack of experience and a lack of cooperation between different authorities. When these results are presented, it becomes clear how dishonored women are considered "especially vulnerable", which pushes their isolation in society even more. The social workers' lack of experience on the subject means that vulnerable women do not receive the help and support they need. In addition, the dishonored woman runs the risk of being subjected to even more violence by her perpetrator if she is denied the support and help she needs. This study sets out what problems honor-prone women can encounter in contact with social services. Their contact with social services can either free them from honor violence or make the situation even worse. / Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett globalt samhällsproblem där hedersutsatta kvinnor i många fall inte vågar söka hjälp och stöd av socialtjänsten. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur kvinnor påverkas av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck samt vilka utmaningar socialtjänsten i Sverige står inför. Studien utförs genom en övergripande litteraturstudie i form av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar att hedersutsatta kvinnor lever under ständigt förtryck där hedersnormer är mer prioriterade än kvinnornas mående och rätt till frihet. Det visar även att socialtjänsten går igenom en rad av olika utmaningar, bland annat genom bristande erfarenhet samt bristande samverkan mellan olika myndigheter. När dessa resultat presenterats blir det tydligt hur hedersutsatta kvinnor betraktas som  “särskilt utsatta”, vilket trycker på deras isolering i samhället ännu mer. Socialarbetarnas bristande erfarenhet kring ämnet leder till att hedersutsatta kvinnor inte får den hjälp och stöd de är i behov av. Dessutom löper den hedersutsatta kvinnan en risk att utsättas för ännu mer våld av sin förövare om hon nekas stöd och hjälp som hon behöver. Denna studie planterar fram vilka problem hedersutsatta kvinnor kan stöta på i kontakt med socialtjänsten. Deras kontakt med socialtjänsten kan antingen fria dem från hedersvåldet eller göra situationen ännu värre.

Hajrizi, M & Todorovic, E. Forskningsläget avseende att som pojke eller ung man leva i en hederskontext. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 högskolepoäng.Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2021. Denna studien har syftat till att belysa pojkens och unga mäns perspektiv i ett hedersrelaterat sammanhang och hur deras utsatthet kan komma att utvecklas. Med hjälp av vetenskapliga artiklar som vi har använt i vår tidigare forskning har de gett oss en inblick i att det inte bara är tjejer som faller offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Pojkar faller också offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck men utsattheten utspelar sig på andra sätt till skillnad från tjejer. Vi karaktäriserar bland annat de krav som ställs på pojkar som lever i ett hedersrelaterat sammanhang och vad som kan uppstå om de strider mot familjens förväntningar på dem. För att synliggöra hedersrelaterade problem från pojkar och unga mäns perspektiv har det varit av stor vikt att använda teorier som maskulinitetsteori och intersektionalitet. Dessa har varit betydelsefulla i den aspekten att pojkar och unga män som utsätts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck inte alltid kommer från samma bakgrund. Det har varit viktigt att belysa att människor kommer från olika klasser, de har olika åldrar samt olika sexuella läggningar. Vi har haft dessa faktorer i åtanke när vi har arbetat med vårt resultat. Vidare har vi belyst aspekten av att stöd och insatser bör anpassas utifrån den enskilda pojkens förhållanden och livssituation. I vårt metodavsnitt beskriver vi hur vi har tillhandahållit och uppnått våra resultat genom olika kommuners handlingsplaner. Vidare har vi i våra resultat med hjälp av vår metod och olika rapporter förutom pojkens utsatthet specificerat både förebyggande och riktade insatser för pojkar och unga män samt beskrivit hur verksamheter runt om i landet bör fortsätta för att observera och stödja pojkar och unga män i deras utsatthet. Detta för att sprida kunskap om ett fenomen som är vanligare än förväntat samt att vi tycker att det borde ges ytterligare utrymme och uppmärksamhet i framtiden. Nyckelord: Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, hederskultur, pojkar, unga män, utestängning, offer / Hajrizi, M. & Todorovic, E. The Research Area Regarding Living in a Honour- Related as a Boy or a Young Man. Degree project in social work 15 hp. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2021. In this study, we have aimed to shed light on the perspectives of boys and young men in an honor-related context and how their vulnerability unfolds. With the help of scientific articles that we have used in our previous research, they have given us an insight into the fact that it is not only girls who fall victim to honor- related violence and oppression, but also boys and that this vulnerability takes place in other ways unlike girls. We characterize, among other things, the demands placed on boys who live in an honor-related context and what could arise if they go against their family's expectations of them. In order to make the honor-related problems visible from the perspective of boys and young men, it has been of great importance to use theories such as masculinity theory and intersectionality. This has been significant from the aspect that boys and young men who are exposed to honor-related violence and oppression do not necessarily receive the same background. They are different people from different classes, different ages and with different sexualities. We have kept this in mind when we have achieved our result. This is because support and efforts should also be adapted based on the individual boy's conditions and life situation. In our method section, we describe how we have provided and achieved our results through different municipalities' action plans. Furthermore, in our results with the help of our method and various reports, we have besides boys’ vulnerability specified both preventive and targeted interventions for boys and young men and described how activities around the country should proceed to observe and support boys and young men in their vulnerability. This in order to spread knowledge about a phenomenon that is more common than expected and that it must be given further attention in the future. Keywords: Honor-related violence and oppression, culture of honor, boys, young men, exclusion, victims

Våld i nära relation och hedersrelaterat våld och förtyck är ett samhällsproblem där det finns en kunskapslucka kring analyser av policydokument på kommunal nivå. Kunskapsluckan gäller främst analys kring hanteringen av ärenden gällande hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck inom kommunens socialtjänst. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck framställs i kommunala handlingsplaner och vilka de potentiella effekterna av detta kan bli för individ och samhälle. Resultatet i studien bygger på analysen av tre kommuners handlingsplaner gällande hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Metoden som använts för att analysera policydokument är Bacchi´s kritiska analysmetod (WPR). Handlingsplanerna som analyserats är från tre kommuner med olika befolkningsmängd i olika delar av SVerige eftersom det finns skillnader i kommuners uppbyggnad, resurser och deras arbete med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Skillnaden gäller främst hur mycket resurser kommunen har till förfogande, befolkningsmängd samt möjlighetet till samverkan med andra myndigheter. Studien visar på att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck framställs på liknande sätt men att det även finns viktiga skillnader i kommunernas policydokument. Resultatet visar att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck framställs som ett patriarkalt normsystem, kvinnor och flickor beskrivs som målgrupp och gärningspersonen som man. Det framställs även att HRVF till viss del beskrivs som ett kulturellt och kollektivt problem. Det finns vissa skillnader i handlingsplanernas framställning av HRVF, tillexempel i kopplingen mellan HRVF och det kollektiva. / Violence in a close relationship and honor-related violence and oppression is a societal problem where there is a knowledge gap around analyzes of policy documents at the municipal level. The knowledge gap mainly applies to analysis of the handling of cases concerning honor-related violence and oppression within the municipality´s social services. The expectation with the study is to be able to contribute to filling part of this knowledge gap and to generate even more research on this current topic in society. The purpose of the study is thus to investigate how honor-related violence and oppression is presented in municipal action plans and to discuss what the potential effects of this can be for the individual and society. The results of the study are based on the analysis of three municipalities action plans regarding honor-related violence and opression. The method used to analyze policy documents is Bacchi´s Critical Analysis Method (WPR). The material analyzed consists of three municipalities with different populations in different parts of Sweden because there are differences in the minicipalities structure, resources and their work with honor relate violence. The different mainly concern how much resources the municipality has at its disposal, population and opportunity for collaboration with other authorities. The study shows that honor-related violence and oppression are presented in a similar way but there are also important differences in the municipalities policy documents. The results show that honor-related violence and oppression is presented as a patriarchal norm system, women and girls are described as the terget group and the prepetrator as a man. It is also stated that HRVF is to some extent described as a cultural and collective problem. There are some differences in the action plans presentation of HRVF, for example in the connection between HRVF and the collective.