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An uncomfortable city: a community-based investigation of hostile architectureAnnan, Jessica 20 August 2021 (has links)
Hostile architecture is a medium through which social exclusion is enacted in the public and common areas of our cities. By limiting who is allowed to occupy space, and how they may do so, it functions to define the contours of inclusion in urban space-- all of which is predicated on one’s engagement with the zones of consumerism that have overtaken the cities’ commons. As a result, those without the means to partake are pushed aside, despite the inner-cities’ historical relationships with the poor, unhoused, and marginalized.
The purpose of this study is to explore how lived experiences and knowledge of discriminatory architecture can inform a sociological analysis of hostile architecture. By exploring hostile architecture in Calgary, this thesis addresses a specific question: How do people with lived experience of homelessness understand hostile architecture? Through Community-Based Participatory Research and Photovoice, this question is addressed through collaboration with community members with lived experience of homelessness.
Collectively, we conclude that those with lived experiences of homelessness understand hostile architecture in a multitude of ways. Amongst these understandings is the notion that hostile architecture not only excludes and displaces the unhoused and marginalized, but that it is also part and parcel of the wider range of hostilities against those experiencing homeless. One key theoretical concept grounds the research. Henri Lefebvre’s ‘Right to the City’ is used as a starting point in discussing what an equitable city might look like. I maintain that the lived experiences and knowledge held by those with experiences of homelessness can sensitize the public, and inform regional and national policymakers about this exclusionary mechanism. / Graduate
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HOSTILITY IN THE CITY: THE IMPLICATIONS OF HOSTILE ARCHITECTURE ON HEALTH AND ETHICSMcCreath, Brendan, 0000-0003-3825-5239 05 1900 (has links)
Hostile architecture is a passive design phenomenon in cities used to discourage the public presence of the unhoused population. Examples include benches with middle armrests to prevent individuals from lying to sleep and trashcans with locks to prevent garbage picking. These designs exist within a larger web of anti-homeless laws and regulations popularized by neoliberal governments as broader social welfare programs that support this vulnerable population are abandoned. The homeless population is one that faces several health disparities and increased mortality compared to the general population. Hostile architecture likely influences the health of the homeless and worsens these disparities by forcing these individuals to relocate to more remote and harmful places in the city. Due to this relationship, hostile architecture can and should be brought into the purview of the field of urban bioethics using several ethical frameworks. It is only through a multidisciplinary approach that research deficits can be addressed, and the plight of the homeless community be improved. / Urban Bioethics
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Exkluderande design : Hur exkluderande design relaterar till social hållbarhet / Hostile architecture : How hostile architecture relates to social sustainabilitySoto Sainz, Malin, Lovén, Selma January 2024 (has links)
Studien undersöker social hållbarhet med inriktning på exkluderande design. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad exkluderande design är och öka medvetenheten kring problematiken att exkludera vissa människor från specifika platser. Det undersöks även vilken roll olika aktörer har i att skapa ett inkluderande samhälle och främja social hållbarhet, samt hur designvalet relaterar till den sociala hållbarheten i samhället. Diskussioner om hur designen påverkar hemlösa och andra utsatta personer i samhället utgör en central del i studien. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod genom att utföra en litteraturstudie som fördjupar sig i social hållbarhet, hemlöshet, exkluderande design samt ansvar och roll. Relevanta aktörer inom området har intervjuats för att få fram olika perspektiv i ämnet, samt att studien kompletteras med en fältstudie som genom bilder visualiserar vart i Malmö det finns exkluderande design. Exkluderande design är hur platser eller föremål utformas med syfte att hålla vissa människor eller beteenden borta från specifika platser. Exkluderande design förekommer på flera ställen i Malmö och kan bland annat identifieras som bänkar med armstöd eller som lutar, ljud samt spetsiga konstruktioner. Designen påverkar den sociala hållbarheten genom att det bidrar till segregation och minskad trygghet för de utsatta personerna. Det visar sig även finnas ett kunskapsgap hos intervjupersonerna. Det är ett samhällsansvar att minska användningen av exkluderande design och främja social hållbarhet. Ansvaret kan fördelas på allt från stat och myndigheter, med lagar och regleringar, till ett individuellt ansvar som främjar gemenskap och inkludering. / The study explores social sustainability with a focus on hostile architecture. The purpose is to investigate what hostile architecture entails and raise awareness about the problem of excluding certain people from specific places. It also examines the role of various actors in creating an inclusive society and promoting social sustainability, as well as how design choices impact social sustainability in society. Discussions about how design affects homeless and other vulnerable individuals are a central part of the study. The method is based on qualitative research, conducting a literature review that explores social sustainability, homelessness, hostile architecture, and responsibility. Relevant stakeholders have been interviewed to gather different perspectives, and the study has been supplemented with a field study that visualizes where hostile architecture exists in Malmö. Hostile architecture involves how places or objects are designed to keep certain people or behaviors away from specific areas. It occurs in various places in Malmö and can be seen in benches with armrests or inclination, noise, and sharp constructions. This design affects social sustainability by contributing to segregation and reducing the safety of vulnerable individuals. There is also a lack of knowledge about this among the respondents. It is a societal responsibility to decrease the use of hostile architecture and promote social sustainability. Responsibility can be shared between the government and authorities through laws and regulations, as well as individual responsibility to promote community and inclusion.
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Fientlig stadsmöblering : En tolkande studie av Malmös stadsmöblering / Hostile urban furniture : An interpretive study of Malmö's urban furnitureJohansson, Emelie, Björkman, Evelina January 2022 (has links)
Hur vi planerar och utformar stadens offentliga rum påverkar vår uppfattning om den urbana miljön. Den offentliga ytan ska planeras för att vara tillgänglig för varje medborgare utan någonting som förhindrar möjligheten att delta i stadens utbud. Vår utbildning inom urban miljö har gett oss en bra grund och kunskap för att analysera stadens gestaltning. Den har även gett oss möjligheten att tolka dolda sociala exkluderingar som uppstår på grund av hur stadsrummet är utformat. I denna studie avser vi därmed att undersöka ett fenomen som utmanar uppfattningen om att alla stadens rum är tillgängliga för alla, nämligen ett fenomen vid namn fientlig stadsplanering. Vi har, genom att tolka och förstå, undersökt teoretiska förklaringar till fenomenets innebörd, uppkomst, samt påverkan. Vår kvalitativa studie har genomförts med metodologin ‘grounded theory’, för att först undersöka nuvarande kunskapsläget för att sedan bilda en teori. Vi har genomfört en litteraturinsamling baserad på relevant litteratur och forskning för att analysera fenomenet. Studien omfattar en kartläggning av fientlig stadsmöblering genom observationer i Malmö för att tolka hur fenomenet kan utforma sig i staden. Till sist, utfördes en intervju med en tjänsteman inom Malmö stad för att få kompletterande uppgifter till vår analys och en djupare förståelse för hur en av stadens planerare ser på utformningen av stadsrummen. Resultatet visar att fientlig stadsmöblering placeras i stadsrummen för att förhindra beteenden, och därmed personer, som samhället ser som ‘icke-önskvärda’. Dessa beteenden har vi förankrat till teorier om rätten till staden, den attraktiva konsumtionsstaden, maktstrukturer och den mänskliga dimensionen; där alla har förklaringar till varför ‘icke-önskvärt’ beteende exkluderas, samt varför fenomenet uppstått. Resultatet visar även att fientlig stadsmöblering förekommer i centrala Malmö vid Triangelns stationsområde, där vi identifierade en fientligt utformad bänk. Utöver det, förekommer fenomenet väldigt lite inom staden, vilket går ihop med hur Malmö stad önskar planera staden. Vidare visar resultatet att fenomenet har tydliga nyliberala och kapitalistiska förankringar, där konsumtion är i framkant. Staden planeras för ekonomisk tillväxt och en bra ‘image’, vilket innebär att konsumenten prioriteras i hierarkin om vem de offentliga rummen planeras för. På grund av detta implementerar man fientlig stadsmöblering. / How we plan and design the city's public spaces affects our perception of the urban environment. The public space should be planned to be accessible to every citizen without anything that prevent the opportunity to participate in the city's offerings. Our education in urban environment has given us a good foundation and knowledge for analyzing the city's design. It has also given us the opportunity to interpret hidden social exclusions that arise due to how the urban space is designed. In this study we intend to investigate a phenomenon that challenges the notion that all city spaces are accessible to all, namely a phenomenon called hostile architecture. We have, by interpreting and understanding, investigated theoretical explanations for the phenomenon's meaning, origin, and impact. Our qualitative study has been carried out with the methodology ‘grounded theory’, to first examine the current state of knowledge and then form a theory. We have conducted a literature collection based on relevant literature and research to understand the phenomenon. The study includes a mapping of hostile city furniture through observations in the city of Malmö to interpret how the phenomenon can take shape in the city. Finally, an interview was conducted with an official within the city of Malmö to get additional information for our analysis and gain a deeper understanding of how one of the city's planners view the design of the city spaces. The results show that hostile urban furniture is placed in urban spaces to prevent behaviors, and thus people, that society sees as 'undesirable'. We have anchored these behaviors to theories about the right to the city, the attractive city of consumption, power structures and the human dimension; where each theory has an explanation for why 'undesirable' behavior is excluded, and why the phenomenon has arisen. The results also show that hostile urban furniture occurs in central Malmö, next to Triangle station, where we identified a hostile bench. Beyond that, the phenomenon occurs very rarely in the city, which goes hand in hand with how Malmö wishes to plan the city. Furthermore, the results show that the phenomenon has clear neoliberal and capitalist roots, where consumption is at the forefront. The city is planned for economic growth and a good ‘image’, which means that the consumer is prioritized in the hierarchy of whom the public places are planned. Because of this, hostile urban furniture will be used.
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Att designa bort det oönskade : Exkluderande design i Göteborg och Västsverige / Designing away the unwanted : Unpleasant design in Gothenburg and western SwedenBergenfelz, Charlotte, Silverglimth, Fredrik January 2018 (has links)
Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika former av exkluderande design i offentliga och semi-offentliga rum, samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan design kan ha på olika samhällsgrupper. Studiens resultat är baserade på fokuserade observationer av den fysiska designen, främst i Göteborg, i triangulering med innehållsanalys av översikts- och detaljplaner. Studiens resultat visar att en mångfald av designmodeller användes i de observerade offentliga och semi-offentliga rummen, varav en del av dessa designer kan ses som exkluderande. Majoriteten av observerade sittplatser finns hos privata aktörer som caféer och uteserveringar, vilket signalerar ett behov av att vara konsument för att få ta del av dessa semi-offentliga platser. Semi-offentliga platser som var stängda nattetid samt hinder mot skateboardåkning var andra observerade designer som riktar in sig på särskilda samhällsgrupper eller beteenden. Fyra grupper anses vara speciellt påverkade av exkluderande design: hemlösa, funktionsnedsatta, resurssvaga, samt skateboardåkare. I kontrast till tidigare forskning anser vi att flera av de observerade designerna kan anses vara inkluderande istället för att enbart ses som exkluderande. / The aim of this study is to explore different forms of unpleasant design in public and semi-public spaces and what potential consequences such design may have on different social groups. The results are based on focused observations of the physical designs themselves, primarily in Gothenburg, Sweden, in triangulation with text analysis of official documentations of land use and zoning plans. The findings indicate that a variety of designs were used throughout the observed public and semi-public spaces, some of which can be seen as unpleasant. Most of the observed seating options were located within privatised businesses, signalling the need to be a consumer to use these semi-public spaces. Semi-public spaces that are inaccessible during the night as well as anti-skate obstacles were other observed designs that targeted a certain group or behaviour. Four social groups were found to be more of a target or sufferer of the designs: the homeless, people with disabilities, the destitute, and skateboarders. In contradiction to previous research a substantial amount of the observed designs can be perceived as inclusive rather than only exclusionary.
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