L'itinérance est un problème complexe qui a des conséquences désastreuses pour les individus et la société. Pour répondre à ce problème, le gouvernement de Canada a adopté le modèle Logement d’abord et l'approche de réduction de méfaits. Logement d’abord offre un accès facile au logement avec des services de soutien aux personnes en situation d'itinérance chronique qui ont souvent des problèmes concomitants de santé mentale et de toxicomanie. D’autres part, la réduction de méfaits reconnait que certaines personnes ne peuvent pas ou ne veulent pas arrêter de consommer des substances psychoactives. Par conséquent, cette approche se centre sur la réduction des effets nocifs de la consommation de drogues et d'alcool. Le but de cette étude était d'examiner comment l'approche réduction de méfaits et son déploiement dans le cadre du programme Logement d’abord à Montréal. Nous avons examiné les facteurs qui facilitent ou empêchent son utilisation, comment l’approche aide les résidents et les travailleurs à atténuer les risques et à comprendre la consommation de substances et quelle est sa contribution au processus de réinsertion sociale des participants du programme Logement d’abord. L'analyse des données a démontré que des pratiques de réduction de méfaits facilitent l’acquisition de logement pour les personnes en situation d'itinérance chronique en réduisant donc les effets néfastes de l'itinérance. De même, le soutien à long terme semble être un outil qui aide les gens à surmonter l'isolement, à maintenir un logement et à atténuer les problèmes de toxicomanie. Cette étude conclue que l’utilisation de l’approche de réduction de méfaits dans le cadre du programme Logement d’abord demande de prend en compte le niveau d’autonomie de la personne ainsi que son droit à l’autodétermination avec la possibilité de se retirer des services dont elle ne ressent pas le besoin. De plus, il est important de comprend que les résidents ont déjà des outils de base sur la réduction des méfaits en raison de leurs connaissances et leurs expériences même s'ils se montrent incapables de définir ces termes. Du point de vue des intervenants, la réduction des méfaits s’actualise en aidant les résidents à entretenir leurs appartements, en les sensibilisant aux effets négatives de la toxicomanie et en leur fournissant un soutien pendant la durée du programme. Néanmoins, la réduction de méfaits dans ce contexte est confrontée à plusieurs défis, notamment le manque d'éducation sur l'approche, et le manque d'inclusion des personnes toxicomanes dans les programmes qui les desservent. / Homelessness is a complex problem that carries disastrous consequences for individuals and societies. To help address the problem, governments have adopted the Housing First (HF) model and the Harm Reduction (HR) approach. HF provides housing and supportive services to people experiencing chronic homelessness who often have co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. HR acknowledges that some people are unable or unwilling to stop using substances, therefore, it focuses on reducing the harmful effects of drug and alcohol use. The purpose of this study is to examine how the HR approach is deployed within a HF project in Montreal, what are the factors that facilitate or hinder its use, how it helps HF residents and workers mitigate risk and understand substance use and what is its contribution to participants’ reinsertion process. The results demonstrate that HR practices facilitate housing acquisition for people experiencing chronic homelessness and therefore can reduce the adverse effects of homelessness and substance use. For some people finding ontological security means that they no longer need to cope with the dangers of living in the streets and have a better management of substance use. In a similar manner, long-term support also seems to be a tool that helps people fight isolation, maintain housing and mitigate problems related to substance use. The study concludes that the use of HR in HF requires intervention that takes into account the person’s level of autonomy as well as their right to self-determination with the possibility of opting out of services if they do not feel the need. In addition, It is important to acknowledge that residents have inherited HR tools based on their knowledge and experiences even though they manifest not being able to define HR principles. From the worker’s perspective, HR is practiced by helping residents maintain their apartments, creating awareness about substance use, and providing support throughout the duration of the program. Nevertheless, the practice of HR faces several challenges, including the lack of education about the approach as well as the lack of inclusion of drug users in programs that serve them.

Hemlösa personer med samsjuklighet sägs vara en av de mest utsatta målgrupperna inom socialt arbete. Då återfall är ett symtom av skadligt bruk och beroende har målgruppen haft betydande svårigheter att leva upp till nykterhetskraven som ställs inom traditionella insatser. Således har insatsen Bostad först tagits fram med en skademinskningspolicy som prioriterar minimering av de risker som är vanliga för målgruppen över nykterhetskrav. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka praktiska erfarenheter av det skademinimerande arbetet i bostad först Data samlades in genom en kvalitativ fokusgruppsintervju med fyra socialarbetare som är anställda som Case managers inom ett svenskt Bostad först-projekt. En tematisk dataanalys gjordes med socialkonstruktionism och nyinstitutionell teori som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultaten visade på ett holistiskt synsätt på skadereducering men också att synen på skadereducering varierar starkt beroende på sammanhanget. Det framkom också att de motstridiga principerna om nolltolerans och skademinskning påverkar det professionella samarbetet på flera sätt. / Homeless persons with comorbidity are among the most vulnerable populations within social work. The relapsing nature of substance abuse has been a significant barrier to the traditional treatment/housing programs that build upon abstinence-based policies. Therefore, there has been a shift toward Housing First, a harm reduction policy that prioritizes the minimization of harms over abstinence. This study aims to explore practical experiences with the harm reduction approach within Housing First.Data was collected through a qualitative focus group interview with four employeeswithin a Housing First project in Sweden. The data was analyzed by a thematic analysis with social constructivism and new institutionalism as theoretical frameworks.The results showed a holistic approach to harm reduction but also that the view on harm reduction varies depending on the social context. It was also revealed that the conflicting principles of zero tolerance and harm reduction have affected professionalcollaboration in various ways

Syftet med uppsatsen var göra en jämförelse mellan två kommunala insatser mot hemlöshet, Bostad Först och Boendetrappan. Studien genomfördes i form av en allmän litteraturstudie. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databasen EBSCO och resulterade i nio utvalda artiklar. All empiri analyserades utifrån Fribergs analysmodell. Två teorier användes för att analysera resultatet, empowerment och kritisk praktikteori. Resultatet visade fler fördelar än nackdelar med Bostad Först och fler nackdelar än fördelar med Boendetrappan. Resultatet visade också att det fanns både likheter och olikheter mellan insatserna där likheterna speglade organisatoriska förutsättningar och hinder medan olikheterna visade på olika arbetssätt med klienterna. Slutsatsen i denna studie var att Bostad Först bedömdes vara mer effektivt för långsiktig lösning av hemlöshet. / The aim of this study was to make a comparison between two municipal social services efforts against homelessness, Housing First and the Traditional Housing Staircase Model. The study was conducted in the form of a general literature study. The literature search was performed in the EBSCO database and resulted in nine selected articles. All empirical data was analyzed using Fribergs analytical model. Two theories were used to analyze the result, empowerment, and critical practice theory. The result showed more advantages than disadvantages with Housing First, and more disadvantages than advantages with the Traditional Housing Staircase Model. The result also showed that there were both similarities and differences between the two social service efforts where the similarities reflected organizational conditions and obstacles, while the similarities showed different methods of working with the clients. The conclusion of this study was that Housing First was assessed to be more effective for a long-term solution of homelessness.

Dans la littérature sur les dépendances, les auteurs mettent souvent l’accent sur les dimensions biologique, psychologique, sociologique, ou sur une combinaison de celles-ci, sans prendre en considération la perception des personnes dépendantes. De plus, il semblerait y avoir des divergences entre les différents modèles explicatifs qui peuvent être situés entre deux pôles principaux : dans le premier, la consommation prend source à partir de facteurs individuels; dans le second, ce sont les conditions sociales qui créent le terreau propice à l’usage de drogues. Cette dichotomie est incarnée par la divergence entre les modèles sociologique et les approches psychologique et biologique. Or, tel que le suggèrent Allué (1999) et Griffiths (2005), il faut s’intéresser à la perception des individus pour en saisir toute l’entièreté et l’intensité de leur expérience. Dans cette recherche, la parole de douze participants du projet Chez Soi, un projet d’intervention ayant pour objectif d’offrir un logement subventionné et un suivi intensif par des équipes d’intervenants à des personnes en situation d’itinérance ayant des problèmes de santé mentale, sera analysée afin de voir quel est l’apport de leurs savoirs expérientiels à la compréhension de la consommation. Comment perçoivent-ils leurs problèmes de consommation? Quelle est la contribution des savoirs expérientiels de ces personnes à la compréhension de la toxicomanie? Quels liens peut-on faire entre la perception des participants et la littérature consultée? Ce mémoire permet de constater que les participants et leurs savoirs expérientiels nous apportent une compréhension holistique de la consommation car ils conjuguent les dimensions sociologique, psychologique et biologique dans leurs explications. Bien que la dimension relationnelle soit prédominante, la perception qu’ont les participants de leurs dépendances est notamment abordée à travers la thématique de la santé mentale. En contextualisant les éléments soulevés par les participants au sujet de leur consommation dans leurs histoires de vie, nous pouvons nous rendre compte que ceux-ci sont pris dans une sorte d’engrenage qui les enferme dans la consommation. / In the literature on addictions, authors often put the emphasis on the biological, psychological, or sociological dimensions or some combination of them, without taking into consideration people’s own perspectives on their drug use. Moreover, there seem to be divergences amongst the various explicative models, which may be situated between two majors poles: in the first, addiction takes source in individual factors; in the second, social conditions create propitious grounds for drug usage. This dichotomy is incarnated by the divergence between the sociological models and the psychological and biological models. However, as suggested by Allué (1999) and Griffiths (2005), one must take into consideration the individual’s perception in order to appreciate the wholeness and intensity of their experience. In this research, testimonies of twelve participants from the At Home project, an intervention project whose aim is to offer subsidized housing and an intensive follow-up by teams of interveners to homeless people with mental health issues, will be analyzed in order to pin down the contribution of their experiential knowledge to the understanding of addiction. How do they perceive their addiction problems? How can one relate the participants’ perception to the existing literature? This thesis highlights that participants and their experiential knowledge bring us a holistic understanding of addiction because they tend to combine the sociological, psychological and biological dimensions in their explanations. Even though the relational dimension is predominant, the perception that the participants have of their addictions is addressed under the thematic of mental health. By putting into context the elements brought up by the participants regarding addiction throughout their life, we can realize that they are caught up in a spiral of addiction.

This thesis examines the mobility patterns of 613 participants from the At Home/Chez Soi Research Demonstration Project on Mental Health and Homelessness who were surveyed in five Canadian cities (Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montréal, and Moncton). Participants’ mobility histories are treated as life courses: visualized using a GIS spatiotemporal analysis and complemented by examining their self-described reasons for movement (n=1,750). I contend that homeless mobilities are complex, entangled, and multiple. To better understand these mobilities, I apply relational theoretical perspectives to literature from the mobilities turn. I conceptualize mobility as composed of the relations between various actors. These relations coordinate amidst social differences, histories, and orderings of power. Together, actors and the relations between them, become more than the sum of their parts. To see mobility relationally, is to say that mobilities have emergent properties that reproduce, deepen, or ameliorate marginalization for those experiencing homelessness. I identify a series of actors and their relations composing homeless mobilities via time-space mapping, descriptive statistics, and the exploratory coding of survey data. I conclude by detailing a relational view of homeless mobilities while suggesting that expulsion is one emergent property of this system. / October 2016

This investigation aimed to shed light on the terms of the dispensing and the retaining of municipal social benefits granted by Swedish social services, this in regard of a less visible societal subgroup; citizens who cannot attain or retain housing of their own. Through qualitative interviews with six municipal social workers in Skåne, the plight of these citizens is revealed from a policy-making perspective in respect of views on discretion and individual appreciation. How may the applicant impact the application process and how does social subletting operate as a service effort? Further analysis of the accounts of informants’ views on change and the reasons for change, sketched an image of a society where public acceptance and tolerance are crucial factors for citizens hoping to achieve a homestead through means of municipal intervention. In conclusion, flexible attitudes towards job description are of major import to the possibility of offering client support in under-staffed municipal environs. Furthermore, reflexive social workers allying with the applicant throughout the process, from application to intervention are decisive for efficacious, long-term social work.

My diploma thesis deals with social housing issue and its building approach in Tábor and Prague, furthermore it monitors current system setting in "the capital" in comparison with "the municipality with extended competence". In both observed areas my research is based on work of carefully selected Non-Government Organisations which focus on the social housing issue. Moreover my diploma thesis examines realization opportunities of social housing and its cooperation with self-governing institutions. The main part describes long and difficult formation of legal framework and final face of Act on Social Housing as well as ideas and attitudes of all key counterparties in Czech Republic during its negotiation. Finally my thesis describes different views of social housing issue in selected European countries and shows its funding options.

The diploma thesis entitled " The Issue of the Necessity of Social housing of the Prague 2 Municipal District" deals with the definitions, possibilities and principles of social housing in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the phenomenon of housing and housing policy in the conditions of the Czech Republic in connection with the current problems of housing affordability for socially needy citizens. He also mentions the possibilities of support in the field of housing and the overall setting of psychosocial networks. An equally important part of the diploma thesis is the mapping of the issue of social housing in the City of Prague 2 using competency documents. The practical part of the thesis maps the reflections of social workers of the Office of the City District of Prague 2 on the issue of social housing in the Czech Republic and in the City district of Prague 2, in order to change the limits of availability of social housing in the City district. PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP...