771 |
Open Source Hardware for Human DevelopmentHerrera, Alfredo January 2015 (has links)
Human Development is not a term used in casual conversation, it describes the current approach used by large aide international development organizations like the United Nations; but most people are familiar with the terms “emergency relief” and “humanitarian intervention”. Emergency relief focuses on providing assistance to save lives, alleviate suffering, or protect populations; while human development uses various societal levers to improve living conditions. The United Nation has been publishing an annual report on human development since 1990 (UNDP 1990), and it is widely recognized as a consistent measure of global living conditions. Development strategies revolve around a transfer of something valuable to an aided population: education, vaccination, fertilizers, etc. In technology-based human development projects, technology artefacts (a medical record computer system, solar electrification systems, irrigation) and related knowledge (education, operation and maintenance instruction) are those valuables being transferred. The benefits of technology are specific to each economy, and dependant on how quickly technology is adapted and integrated in the local economy (Cypher & Dietz 2008). The value of ideas increases to the degree they can be shared with and used by others (Houghton & Sheehan 2000): the more knowledge is diffused and adopted, the greater its value. The success of free and open-source software exemplifies this principle, and a growing number of scholars agree that the model also applies to hardware (Balka et al. 2009; Thompson 2008). This thesis presents research on open source hardware and its knowledge-sharing approach as a means to human development. It presents a model that leverages the collaborative design methodology of open hardware for adoption of artefacts that address pressing “humanitarian technology” needs, for example, in health or education. To achieve this, critical literature reviews on open source and on technology-based human development are first done; the findings from literature are then complemented with the findings from interviews and case studies to model a sustainable deployment strategy for open source use in human development projects. Adopting the human development paradigm defined in the first Human Development Report (“HDR1990”), which aims at three people-centered aspirations: to live a long and healthy life, to be educated and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living (UNDP 1990). This thesis research models its deployment strategy using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), showing that: (a) open source hardware, like any technology used in development, can magnify effective development programs when used appropriately; (b) Dr. E.F. Schumacher’s appropriate technology principles, and P. Polak’s reinstatement, mesh very well with the open source methodology, as long as required constituents in the aided communities are taken care of (availability of electricity, internet access, technical know-how, etc.); (c) extreme affordability is particularly important for open source hardware, because a sustainable strategy is based on the belief that aided population would want to procure these artifacts if they improve their earning potential; (d) participatory human development practices work well with the open source methodology, but “solutions” must be fully verified before deployment. This document is structured in 5 chapters: introduction, literature review, research strategies, case studies and interviews, and conclusion. The appendix include three articles published on parallel work for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) on defining a strategy for the IEEE’s use of opens source technology in their humanitarian activities. This research provides insight into the new topic of open source hardware and its proposed use in the mission critical context of international development; because entrepreneurship is a key enabler to the strategy it describes, I hope the research can support future work on that aspect.
|
772 |
Economie de l'éducation dans les pays en développement : cinq essais sur l’aide internationale à l’éducation, la nature publique ou privée de l’enseignement, le choix des parents, l’efficience des collèges et la satisfaction des enseignants / Economics of education in developing countriesAiglepierre, Rohen d' 04 October 2011 (has links)
L‟accès, la qualité et l‟équité des systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement sont encore très problématiques et des millions d‟enfants ne peuvent exercer leur droit à une éducation de base menée à son terme. La scolarisation des populations les plus pauvres reste ainsi un des enjeux prioritaires de l‟humanité pour lequel l‟économie de l‟éducation a un rôle moteur à jouer. Au travers de cinq essais, cette thèse aborde les problématiques liées à l‟aide internationale à l‟éducation, à la nature publique ou privée de l‟enseignement, au choix des parents, à l‟efficience des collèges et à la satisfaction des enseignants. Avec un point de vue macroéconomique, le chapitre 1 analyse l‟efficacité de l‟aide international pour atteindre la scolarisation primaire universelle tandis que le chapitre 2 s‟efforce d‟expliquer les différences de répartition des élèves entre enseignements public et privé dans le monde. La suite de la thèse se base sur une enquête nationale originale réalisée dans les collèges de Madagascar, un pays associant une grande pauvreté des ménages à une forte présence et une grande diversité de l‟offre éducative privée. Le chapitre 3 analyse comment les parents choisissent un collège pour leurs enfants et ses effets sur la stratification sociale, le chapitre 4 s‟interroge sur l‟efficience des collèges publics et privés et ses déterminants tandis que le chapitre 5 examine les facteurs d‟influence de la satisfaction, du cumul d‟emplois et de l‟absentéisme des enseignants du secondaire. / Access to basic education as well as quality and equity of education systems in developing countries are still crucial issues, with millions of children currently unable to exercise their right to complete their basic education. Schooling of the poorest thus remains a central priority, one in which we believe that economics of education has a central role to play. By means of five essays, this thesis addresses issues related to international aid to education, public or private education, parental choices, secondary schools‟ efficiency and teacher satisfaction. With a macroeconomic perspective, Chapter 1 analyzes the effectiveness of international aid as an instrument to reach universal primary education while Chapter 2 seeks to explain the differences in distribution of students between public and private education in the world. The remainder of this thesis is based upon an original national survey conducted in the secondary schools of Madagascar, a country marrying extensive household poverty with a strong presence and a wide variety of private educational opportunities. Chapter 3 discusses the way in which parents choose a secondary school for their children and its effects on social stratification. Chapter 4 examines the efficiency of public and private secondary schools and its determinants. Lastly, Chapter 5 examines the factors influencing satisfaction, accumulation of jobs and absenteeism of secondary schools teachers.
|
773 |
Biologisk mångfald och människan : En studie om Planetary Boundaries: kunskapsluckor och utvecklingsmöjligheter / Biodiversity and Mankind : a study on Planetary Boundaries: knowledge gaps and potentialitiesErixon, Jessica, Wiremalm, Malin January 2017 (has links)
Den biologiska mångfalden är hotad och det beror troligtvis på antropogena störningar. Detta på grund av att människan exploaterar jordens resurser som bland annat skapar klimatförändringar och förändringar i habitat. Människan är beroende av många ekosystemtjänster så som pollinering, men det råder delade meningar kring hur stor betydelse mångfald har för människan. Planetary Boundaries är ett perspektiv/ramverk som utgår från människans behov, för att sätta upp gränser för olika system på jorden. Det finns nio stycken olika Planetary Boundaries varav Biologisk mångfald är en. Syftet med studien är att undersöka ramverket Planetary Boundaries och belysa kritik, kunskapsluckor och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Studien syftar även till att göra en fördjupad undersökning specifikt gällande Förlust av biologisk mångfald. I denna studie har vi utfört textanalyser där vi analyserar ramverket utifrån våra egna iakttagelser och från vad andra forskare har framför för kritik, kunskapsluckor och utvecklingsmöjligheter för Planetary Boundaries. Utifrån textanalyserna har flera olika teman identifierats. En av de slutsatser vi kunnat dra från studien är att det finns en problematik kring ramverkets avgränsningar. Flera av de studerade artiklarna ansåg att den stora skala som ramverket utgår ifrån försvårar användandet av ramverket på en sub-global nivå. Enligt oss råder det även en inkonsekvens kring ramverkets möjlighet att appliceras på lokal och regional nivå och att detta bör förtydligas. Sociala aspekter bör även inkluderas i ramverket då det grundar sig på ett mänskligt perspektiv. Slutligen, ramverket hanterar komplexa system som troligtvis aldrig kommer kunna redovisa en fullständig bild av jordsystemen. / The world's biodiversity is threatened and it is most likely because of anthropogenic impact. In a world where human exploits the earth's resources and thus make climate change and alterations to habitats. Mankind is dependent of a lot of ecosystem services such as pollination, but there's a difference in opinion how big of a dependency mankind have for biodiversity. Planetary Boundaries is a framework that derives from the needs of mankind and creates limitations on different earth-system processes. There are nine different Planetary Boundaries and biodiversity is one of them. The purpose of the study is to examine the Planetary Boundaries framework and to highlight critique, knowledge gaps and potentialities. The study also aims at doing an in depth research specifically regarding loss of biodiversity. In this study we attempt to find criticism, knowledge gaps and potentialities for Planetary Boundaries. This by conducting text analyses based on research that analyze the framework and through analyzing the framework ourselves. Based on the text analyses several themes have been identified. Several conclusions could be drawn from the study. One of them illustrates the problem regarding the delimitations of the framework. Several of the analyzed articles also considered the large scale that the framework is based on complicates the use of the framework at a sub-global level. According to us, there is also an inconsistency about the framework's ability to apply at local and regional level and thus needs clarification. Since the framework is based on human perspectives social aspects should also be included. Finally, due to the complexity of the systems included in the framework it will probably never be able to present a complete picture of the earth systems.
|
774 |
Vícekriteriální analýza indexu lidského rozvoje / Multicriteria analysis of the Human Development IndexJanů, Jakub January 2014 (has links)
Diploma thesis describes the problem of quantitative expression of the quality of life. For this purpose is used one of the most widespread indicators of quality of life - Human Development Index. This paper describes its basic characteristics, method of calculation, its advantages and drawbacks. One of the objectives of this paper is the elimination of these shortcomings by alternative method of calculation. The methods of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives and data envelopment analysis models are applied for these purposes. One part of this paper is a theoretical description of the tasks of multi-criteria decision making and their classification into the methods for multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives and into the methods of multi-criteria linear programming. In this paper are used methods WSA, TOPSIS and PROMETHEE, based on the definition of the theoretical characteristics of the methods of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives. These methods are applied on the source data, obtained from a model of the human development index. After calculation, the results obtained are analyzed and written into the conclusion. Another alternative approach to obtain the level of human development is to evaluate the degree of efficiency of countries using data envelopment analysis models in comparison with the human development index. For these purposes is written the theoretical background, which defines the basic types of data envelopment analysis models. These theoretical findings serve as the basis for the practical analysis by the BCC output oriented model and by the corresponding model of super efficiency. The results of these calculations are analyzed and subsequently written into the final conclusion.
|
775 |
The Effects of a Human Developmental Counseling Application Curriculum on Content Integration, Application, and Cognitive Complexity for Counselor Trainees.Muro, Lamar 12 1900 (has links)
Although professional counselors have distinguished themselves among helping professionals through a focus and foundational framework in normal human growth and development over the life-span, a majority of programs neglect to incorporate training opportunities enabling students to translate developmental theory to clinical practice. In this mixed-method study, the researcher explored the effects of a human developmental counseling application curriculum and examined cognitive complexity levels among counselor trainees. Qualitative results support gains in both the integration and application of developmental content while quantitative results offer partial support for cognitive complexity gains among trainees. This study identifies a curricular training experience in which counselor trainees' integration and application human developmental theory as well as cognitive complexity, are notably enhanced.
|
776 |
Desenvolvimento humano e a importância das habilidades não cognitivas para a educação : uma análise conceitual das políticas de avaliação educacional no BrasilOliveira, Raphael Gomes de January 2014 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão conjunta sobre a educação na ótica do desenvolvimento humano e as políticas de avaliação da educação vigentes no Brasil. Para tal, está divido em cinco seções: uma introdução com a contextualização da discussão teórica; a segunda, resumindo o modelo e as evidências dadas dentro do arcabouço analítico de Heckman, (que foca na importância das habilidades não cognitivas para o desempenho escolar e sua interação com as habilidades cognitivas). A terceira seção é dedicada à visão de educação no trabalho de Nussbaum, que trabalha com uma visão mais ampla de educação, focada no conceito de habilidades não cognitivas. Na quarta parte, examina-se a evolução das políticas educacionais brasileiras, com o foco na questão avaliativa e introduz-se alguns elementos críticos à luz do marco de desenvolvimento humano estabelecido. Por fim concluiu-se. / The objective of this dissertation is to jointly examine the meaning of education from a human development perspective in association with the evolution of the Brazilian educational assessment policies. Within this context, it is divided into five parts. After the introduction it examines Heckman’s model and its empirical evidences (where the importance of non cognitive skills for schooling and its relation with cognitive skills is highlighted). The third part delves into Nussbaum work and her arguments for non cognitive dimensions of education. The forth part critically analyses the evolution of educational assessment in Brazil. Then, it concludes.
|
777 |
Experiência na prática deliberada de corrida: classificação por meio de um sistema fuzzy de apoio à decisão / Experience in the deliberate practice of running: a fuzzy system based classification to support decision-makingMaria Isabel Roveri 15 July 2016 (has links)
A prática deliberada de corrida promove uma melhora no padrão de movimento do corredor, porém ainda é incerto quais são as contribuições da experiência de corrida na mecânica do corpo. No curso de dar luz a essas contribuições nos deparamos com uma questão básica anterior: o que é um corredor experiente? Apesar de existir uma regra dos \"dez anos\" de prática para se tornar especialista, não há uma definição clara do que é ser experiente em corrida e, quantificar o nível da experiência é uma tarefa desafiadora. Uma alternativa para essa tarefa envolve a criação de um sistema de apoio à decisão para classificação do fenômeno utilizando um sistemas linguísticos fuzzy. O uso desses sistemas é indicado para tratar de fenômenos com características de incerteza de identificação. Os objetivos do estudo foram: (i) desenvolver um sistema de apoio à decisão para a classificação da experiência do corredor de longa distância não federado por meio de um modelo fuzzy; e (ii) desenvolver uma prova que avalie a capacidade do corredor em controlar o ritmo durante a corrida, como forma de qualificar a experiência nessa modalidade. Para o primeiro objetivo, dois subsistemas tipo Mamdani foram desenvolvidos a partir do julgamento de três técnicos especialistas em corrida. No primeiro subsistema as variáveis linguísticas de frequência e volume de treino foram combinadas tendo como saída conjuntos que definiram a qualidade da prática. O segundo subsistema combinou à saída do 1º sistema, o número de provas e o tempo de prática e determinou o nível de experiência em corrida, em cinco conjuntos de saída. Os resultados do modelo foram altamente consistentes com a avaliação dos três especialistas em corrida que o criaram (r > O,88, p < O,OOl) e altamente consistentes com a avaliação de cinco outros especialistas (r > O,86, p < O,OOl). Para o segundo objetivo, como os especialistas descreveram de forma contundente que o controle de ritmo durante a corrida é uma característica presente e marcante em corredores experientes, desenvolvemos uma prova para testar essa capacidade do corredor e para que esta ferramenta pudesse ser utilizada como padrão de comparação com os resultados da avaliação do modelo fuzzy. Duas provas de 1000 m e 3200 m foram desenvolvidas. A primeira foi aplicada em 100 e a segunda em 42 corredores de longa distância não federados, onde tinham um tempo alvo para completar a prova baseado no tempo da última prova de 5km ou 10km que tivessem realizado. Os tempos parciais foram mensurados a cada 200m para identificar o ritmo. Foi possível identificar algumas distribuições de ritmo típicas ao longo dos testes, todavia, elas não se relacionaram com o nível de experiência dos corredores, o mesmo ocorreu entre o grau de acurácia em reproduzir os tempos solicitados e o nível de experiência. No geral, pode-se dizer que a classificação de experiência baseada num sistema fuzzy foi consistente como se pode depreender do grau de correlação do modelo com os julgamentos dos especialistas. A ausência de relações significantes entre o modelo e o controle de ritmo pode ser atribuída ao segundo, já que não há consenso na literatura sobre qual seria um teste de ritmo objetivo, fidedigno e válido. O controle de ritmo por si já está imbuído de um grau de incerteza (várias combinações temporais levam ao mesmo resultado final) o que corrobora com a utilização da lógica fuzzy para o entendimento do fenômeno e demanda estudos específicos. É importante destacar que a aplicação do modelo permitiu identificar que um alto nível de experiência não está balizado pela \"regra dos 10 anos de prática\" o que provavelmente tem a ver com o tipo de atividade estudada aqui, depende de uma habilidade mais motora e menos cognitiva. Isso indica que na corrida há outros fatores balizadores, como a frequência e o volume de treinos e a participação em provas. O sistema fuzzy de apoio a decisão para classificação do nível de experiência do praticante de corrida de fundo mostrou-se capaz de identificar e classificar a experiência em corrida com confiabilidade / The deliberate practice of running enhances the runner\'s movement pattern, but it is yet uncertain what are the contributions of running experience to body mechanics. In the course to unravel such contributions one is faced with a more basic question: what is an experienced runner? In spite of the well known rule of \"ten years of practice\" to become an expertise, there is no clear definition of what it is to be an experienced runner, hence to quantify the experience levei is a challenging task. One alternative to this task entails the development a system to support decision-making to classify the phenomenon using Fuzzy Linguistic Systems. The use of such systems is indicated to deal with phenomena that have an uncertain characterization because its identification allows different configurations. The goals of the study were: (i) to develop a fuzzy decision support system for classifying the running experience of non- elite long distance runners; (ii) to develop a running test to assess the runner\'s ability to pace control during running and that might be associated to experience levels. For the first goal, two Mamdani subsystems were developed from the judgements of three expert running coaches. In the first subsystem, the linguistic variables of training frequency and volume were combined and the output defined the quality of running practice. The second subsystem determined the running experience levei from the five output sets of the first subsystem combined with the number of races and practice time. The results of the model were highly consistent with the evaluation done by the three expert running coaches who created it (r > O,88, p < O,OOl) as well as with that of other five expert running coaches (r > O,86, p < O,OOl). For the second goal, considering that the running experts were quite confident that pace control is a marked ability of experienced runners, a running test was developed to assess the runner\'s ability to exert such control and that might be a reference for comparison with the experience levei defined by the fuzzy system based classification. Two running tests, 1000 and 3200 meters races, were developed and applied in a sample of 142 non-elite long distance runners in which they had a goal time to complete the test based on their personal last time in 10km or 5km races. Splits times we-re taken at each 200 m to identify the pace. Although it was possible to identify some typical pace distributions in the tests, they were not correlated to experience levels and also to the accuracy with which the goal time were attained. Overall, the classification of running experience based in a fuzzy system was consistent as one considers the degree of correlation between the model and the judgments made by the expert coaches. The lack of correlation with the pace control might be due to the fact that the test might not be appropriated. There is no consensus in the literature about what would be an objective, reliable and valid running pace control testo Pace control is in itself an uncertain process (many temporal combinations can yield the same final result) which agrees with the use fuzzy logic to unravel it, hence it warrants a set of particular investigations. It is important to remark that with the application of the model it was possible to verify that a high running experience levei is not constrained by \"the ten years of practice\" rule, which is likely to related to the activity studied here. This indicates that in running there are other constraints for experience such as training frequency, volume and participation in races. The fuzzy decision support system to classify the experience levei of the non-elite long distance runner proved to be capable to identify and classify the running experience with reliability
|
778 |
Contextos de formação e construção identitária de docentes : um enfoque bioecológico / Contexts and Training of Teachers Identity Construction: an Bioecological ApproachMalco Rodrigo de Oliveira Santos 12 March 2014 (has links)
A opção por uma determinada profissão traz implícitas representações, valores e crenças relacionadas, diretamente, ao modo de vida, às experiências e às vivências subjetivas dos indivíduos que se encontram, por vezes, influenciados por pessoas, processos, contextos e por questões sociais, históricas, culturais e políticas. Este estudo se propôs a investigar sobre o que leva um indivíduo a optar pela profissão docente, identificando como as interações entre estes sistemas contribuem para a constituição identitária docente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que a população pesquisada foi composta por seis professores da Educação Básica, de três contextos: estadual, particular e autarquia municipal, dada à acessibilidade a esses grupos. Os critérios de elegibilidade para a escolha dos participantes foram: ter mais de 20 anos ininterruptos de exercício em cada uma dessas escolas (três professores) e serem docentes recém-ingressados (três professores). Utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista do tipo narrativa (auto) biográfica, e a análise dos dados ancorou-se na fenomenologia, segundo o método de Amedeo Giorgi, sendo os resultados discutidos à luz da Teoria Bioecológica de Desenvolvimento Humano (Bronfenbrenner, 1996) e das Dinâmicas de Construção Identitária (Barbier, 1996). Constatou-se que os `microssistemas família e a escolaforam responsáveis pela opção da profissão docente dos pesquisados, configurando-se como contextos de maior influência sobre os pesquisados. Em relação às dinâmicas de construção identitária, predominou a incidência da `dinâmica de afirmação identitária individual e coletiva. Conclui-se que a visão sobre a profissão, na ótica dos pesquisados, ainda conserva a noção de docência enquanto vocação, contrariando a lógica da funcionarização que entende a Escola e seus membros enquanto empresa. / The choice of a particular profession brings implied representations, values and beliefs directly related to the way of life, the experiences and the subjective experiences of individuals, which are sometimes influenced by people, processes, contexts, social, historical, cultural and policies. This study aimed to investigate what leads an individual to opt for teaching profession, identifying how the interactions between these systems contribute to their identity construction. This is a qualitative research, where the research population was composed of six teachers of basic education three contexts: state, private and other arrangements with the local authority, given the accessibility to these groups. Eligibility criteria for selecting participants were three professors have over 20 years of continuous exercise in each of these schools and three teachers newly entered. Was used as a tool to interview the biographical narrative type (self) and data analysis was anchored in phenomenology , Amedeo Giorgi second method, and the results are discussed in light of Bioecological Theory of Human Development (Bronfenbrenner, 1996) and dynamic of Identity Construction (Barbier, 1996) . It was found that the `microsystems family and school were responsible for the choice of the teaching profession of respondents, configuring contexts greatest influence on respondents. Regarding the dynamics of identity construction, the predominant effect of `dynamics of individual and collective identity affirmation. We conclude that the view of the profession, in the view of respondents, still retains the notion of teaching as a vocation, contradicting the logic of functionalization who understands the school and its members as a company.
|
779 |
Desenvolvimento humano, arte-educação : as contribuições do teatro no desenvolvimento e inclusão social de pessoas com deficiênciaEliana de Cássia Vieira de Carvalho Salgado 21 August 2013 (has links)
O processo inclusivo de pessoas com deficiências na sociedade é uma temática que traz a necessidade de refletir sobre os meios possíveis dessa inclusão. O objetivo deste estudo de caso foi identificar e descrever as influências da Arte, especificamente a área do teatro, sobre o desenvolvimento humano e a inclusão social, a partir do ponto de vista dos próprios alunos com diferentes deficiências, a saber: deficiência visual, deficiência intelectual, deficiência física e paralisia cerebral. O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, foi realizado numa Associação Educacional Especializada de caráter filantrópico, que atende oitenta alunos com deficiências em uma cidade do interior do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. O grupo de sujeitos deste estudo é formado por dez pessoas com deficiência, todos adultos integrantes do grupo de teatro, uma professora responsável pelas atividades na Associação. As etapas para a realização da coleta de dados foram efetuadas em momentos distintos; no primeiro, entrevistas semiestruturada aplicadas aos alunos, no segundo momento o registro das atividades teatrais desenvolvidas pelo grupo, o que foi feito por meio da observação e gravações audiovisuais. Nortearam esta pesquisa a abordagem teórica de Bronfenbrenner (2002) e os estudos de Vygotsky (1997). Para a análise dos dados coletados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2010). Também foi feita a classificação das gravações registradas nas atividades teatrais realizadas, e a elaboração de uma descrição sumária destas, acrescidas das observações da pesquisadora. Buscou-se com esse estudo aprofundar a discussão sobre o papel da Arte no processo educativo, sobretudo da contribuição do teatro na construção da alteridade, da autonomia e da cidadania dos participantes do grupo. Constatou-se após esta pesquisa que a Arte e suas linguagens, aqui representadas especificamente pela área do teatro, foram importantes, partindo do princípio de que o teatro, como arte coletiva e lúdica, contribuiu para o convívio das pessoas do grupo, a superação de preconceitos, a construção do conhecimento, o trabalho em equipe e a articulação estética da expressão. As apresentações teatrais possibilitaram caminhos para que eles pudessem estar inseridos na sociedade, embora tenha ficado evidente o quanto eles ainda são segregados. / The process of inclusion of people with disabilities in society is a theme that brings the need to reflect on possible ways this inclusion. The objective of this case study was to identify and describe the influences of art, specifically the area of theater, human development and social inclusion, from the point of view of the students with different disabilities, namely, visual impairment, intellectual disability, disability and cerebral palsy. The study, a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, was held in the Educational Association of Specialized philanthropic eighty serving students with disabilities in a city in the Vale do Paraíba Paulista. The group of subjects in this study consists of ten people with disabilities, all adult members of the theater group, a teacher responsible for the activities in the Association. The steps to collect the data were taken at different times, in the first semi-structured interviews applied to students in the second moment of the record theatrical activities developed by the group, which was done through observation and audiovisual recordings. Guided this research the theoretical approach of Bronfenbrenner (2002) and studies of Vygotsky (1997). For the analysis of the data collected was used to analysis of Bardin (2010). Also we classify recordings recorded in theatrical activities undertaken, and to develop a description ofall these, plus the observations of the researcher. Sought with this study further discuss the role of art in the educational process, particularly the contribution of the theater in the construction of otherness, autonomy and citizenship of the group participants. It was found after this research that the Arts and their languages, represented here by the specific area of the theater, were important, assuming that theater as an art collective and playful, contributed to the convivial group of people, overcoming prejudices, knowledge building, teamwork and articulation of aesthetic expression. The theatrical performances possible ways so that they could be integrated into society, although it was obvious how much they are still segregated.
|
780 |
Saúde do trabalhador : foco na formação de profissionais da Vigilância SanitáriaAndréa Maria Giannico de Araújo Viana Consolino 27 June 2013 (has links)
As ações destinadas à promoção e proteção da saúde do trabalhador submetido aos riscos e agravos advindos dos processos e ambientes de trabalho estão incluídas nas competências da Vigilância Sanitária (VISA). Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as relações entre a formação profissional e o cotidiano de trabalho de funcionários da VISA que executam atividades na área da Saúde do Trabalhador. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, em que os participantes foram equipes de VISA inseridas no organograma da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, incluindo as da Vigilância Municipal e do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST), da macrorregião de Taubaté. Utilizou como instrumentos um levantamento do perfil dos pesquisados e a técnica do Grupo Focal (GF), sendo os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo e compreendidos à luz de constructos
teóricos sobre formação, abordagens de saúde e trabalho e da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Os resultados evidenciaram como categorias de análise: a formação para o trabalho da equipe de VISA e CEREST: quanto aos aspectos da educação formal, não formal, informal e continuada, em Saúde do Trabalhador; na categoria Saúde do Trabalhador: a influência das questões políticas, do trabalho em equipe e da inter-relação saúde e trabalho; e em Cotidiano do Trabalho: a importância da VISA, o ambiente de
trabalho, os riscos envolvidos, a avaliação sobre o próprio trabalho na VISA e no CEREST e a percepção de sofrimento no trabalho. Constatou-se que a formação dos pesquisados em
Saúde do Trabalhador apresenta lacunas, dificultando a realização das práticas nessa área e contrariando os dispositivos de lei do País que indicam sua importância, há cerca de 30 anos. Os contextos de formação para esse trabalho não suprem as necessidades cotidianas dessas equipes e as características pessoais dos participantes não sugerem mobilização para mudanças significativas. Concluiu-se que existe uma falta de articulação entre os conhecimentos disponíveis nos vários sistemas e contextos e, ainda, que a educação formal, informal, não formal e continuada minimizam as dificuldades dessa formação profissional nessas equipes, fragilizando sua compreensão sobre os processos de trabalho em Saúde do Trabalhador. Sugere-se uma efetiva interlocução entre o Estado (VISA Federal, Estadual e Municipal), CERESTs, instituições sociais e de ensino, empresas e equipes de trabalho para a melhoria da formação, além do controle social pela população visando à efetividade dessas ações de trabalho e ao desenvolvimento humano. / Actions aimed at promoting and protecting the health of workers exposed to the risks and hazards arising from the processes and work environments are included in the skills of
Sanitary Surveillance (VISA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vocational training and the daily work of employees of VISA who perform activities in the
field of Occupational Health. This is a qualitative, exploratory type, in which participants were teams VISA chart inserted in the State Department of Health, including the Municipal
Monitoring and Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST), the macro-region Taubaté. Used as a survey instrument profile of respondents and focus group technique (GF), and the data submetid the content analysis and understood in the light of theoretical constructs on training, approaches to health and work and Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The results showed as analytical categories: training for the job, in the matters of formal, non-formal, informal and continuous in Occupational Health and VISA team and CEREST, in the category Occupational Health, the influence of work teamwork and interrelationship between work and health, and in the daily labor, the work environment,
influences and political issues, risks, importance of VISA, evaluation of their own work in VISA and CEREST and the perception of pain at work. It was found that the formation of
respondents in Occupational Health has gaps, hindering the realization of practices in this area and contrary to the provisions of law of the country indicating their importance for nearly 30 years. The context of the training for the job do not meet the daily needs of these teams and the personal characteristics of the participants did not suggest significant changes to mobilization. It was concluded that there is a lack of coordination between the knowledge available across systems and contexts that formal education, informal, non-formal and continuing minimize the difficulties that these training teams, handicapping their understanding of work processes in Health worker. Suggests an effective dialogue between the State (VISA Federal, State and Municipal), CERESTs, social and educational institutions, companies and work teams to improve the training, and social control by the population effectiveness of these actions aimed at human development.
|
Page generated in 0.1093 seconds