Global ETD Search

31	Conscience and its referents : the meaning and place of conscience in the moral thought of Joseph Butler and the ethical rationalism of Samuel Clarke, John Balguy and Richard Price Daniel, Dafydd Edward Mills January 2015 (has links) Joseph Butler's moral thought and the ethical rationalism of Samuel Clarke, and his followers, John Balguy and Richard Price, are frequently distinguished, as a result of: (a) Butler’s empirical method (e.g., Kydd, Sturgeon); (b) Butler's emphasis upon self-love in the 'cool hour passage' (e.g., Prichard, McPherson); (c) Butlerian conscience, where, on a neo-Kantian reading, Butler surpassed the Clarkeans by conveying a sense of Kantian 'reflective endorsement' (e.g., Korsgaard, Darwall). The neo-Kantian criticisms of the Clarkeans in (c) are consistent with (d) Francis Hutcheson's and David Hume's criticisms of the Clarkeans; (e) modern criticisms of rational intuitionism that follow Hutcheson and Hume (e.g., Mackie, Warnock); and (f) the contention that the Clarkeans occupied an uneasy position within 'post-restoration natural law theory' (e.g., Beiser, Finnis). (d)-(e) thus underpin the distinction between Butler and the Clarkeans in (a)-(c), where the Clarkeans, unlike Butler, are criticised for representing moral truth as the passive, and self-evident, perception of potentially uninteresting facts. This study responds to (a)-(f), by arguing that Butlerian and Clarkean conscience possessed more than one referent; so that conscience meant an individual's experience of his own judgement and God’s judgement and the rational moral order. As a result of their shared theory of conscience, Butler and the Clarkeans held the same theory of moral development: moral agents mature as they move from obeying conscience according to only one of conscience's referents, to obeying conscience because to do so is to satisfy each of conscience's referents. In response to (a)-(b), this study demonstrates that the Clarkeans agreed with Butler’s method and 'cool hour': natural considerations of individual judgement and self-interest were necessary aspects of the progress towards moral maturity in both Butler and the Clarkeans. With respect to (c), it is argued that Butler and the Clarkeans shared the same understanding of practical moral reasoning as part of their shared understanding of conscience and moral development. This study places limits upon proto-Kantian readings of Butler, and neo-Kantian criticisms of the Clarkeans, while making it inconsistent to divide Butler and the Clarkeans on the basis of Butlerian conscience. In answer to (c)-(f), Clarkean conscience shows that the Clarkeans were neither complacent nor ‘externalists’. Clarkean conscience highlights how the Clarkeans positioned themselves within the tradition of Ciceronian right reason and Thomistic natural law. Consequently, in both Butler and the Clarkeans, the intuition of moral truth was not the passive perception of an 'independent realm' of normative fact, but the active encounter, in conscience, with reason qua the law of God’s nature, human nature, and the created universe. 142
32	L’inhumanité de l’humain : psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série / Humankind inhumanity : the serial killer’s violence psychogenesis Edrosa, Martine 23 September 2014 (has links) Comment comprendre qu’un bébé naissant doté de vitalité et de potentialités à l’humanité, devienne un jour tueur en série ? Cette thèse propose une étude de la psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série, à travers les cinq périodes qui structurent le développement humain : archaïque, infantile, latence, adolescence, adulte. Elle s’appuie sur un cas clinique et sur du matériel expertal. Ma réflexion s’ouvre par un parallèle avec la clinique du génocide, qui conduit à définir la criminalité des tueurs en série comme un crime contre l’Humain, invitant dès lors à reconstruire les différentes étapes de la déstructuration de leur processus d’humanisation. Le contexte d’émergence de cette criminalité est situé dans la rencontre avec un environnement parental impitoyable qui a désorganisé doublement, chez le bébé, l’appropriation de l’identité humaine héritée génétiquement mais aussi la construction de l’identité subjective construite au fil de l’enfance. La criminalité du tueur en série est envisagée comme une « organisation défensive » dirigée contre une « agonie primitive » spécifique (ou « angoisse impensable ») qui a « offensé » le potentiel à l’humanité du bébé, dans la lignée des théories de D. W. Winnicott. La violence du tueur en série est étudiée grâce à une construction théorico-clinique créée sur mesure, mais elle est aussi resituée dans le cadre plus large de l’inhumanité de l’humain. Surtout, cette thèse a le souci constant de proposer une réflexion accessible au lecteur néophyte en quête de réponses (victimes, familles de victimes, professionnels de terrain peu habitués à la terminologie psychanalytique). / How shall we understand that a new born baby full of life and ready to embrace humanity might become one day a serial killer ? The purpose of this thesis is to study the psychogenesis of the serial killer violence through the analysis of the five key stages which are structuring human devel-opment : archaic stage, childish stage, latency stage, teenage & adult stages. This work is based on a clinical case and experts’ documents.My work is starting with a comparison with the clinical analysis of a genocide, which is de-fining serial killers’ criminality as a crime against humankind, and therefore leading us to rebuilding the different steps of their humanity breakdown process. The context, in which this criminality is emerging, lays in the confluence with a ruthless parental environment which has disorganized both the baby’s ownership of the genetically inherited human identity and the construction of a subjective identity. The serial killer criminality is considered as a “defense organization” aimed at protecting against a specific “primitive agony” (or “unthinkable anxiety”) which has “offended” the baby’s potential to humanity – in line with D.W. Winnicott’s theories.The serial killer’s violence is studied using a custom made theoretical and clinical construction, but it is also considered in the wider scope of human inhumanity. More importantly, this thesis aims at providing analysis and understanding which are accessible to neophyte readers looking for answers (victims and their families, field experts not used to psychoanalytic terminology). Tueur en série Identité humaine Crime contre l’Humain Environnement impitoyable Angoisse impensable Organisation défensive Décomposition de l’humain Génocide Aire sacrificielle Potentiels Dépotentialisation Humanité Serial killer Human identity Crime against humankind Ruthless environment Unthinkable anxiety Defense organization Decomposition process Genocide Sacrificial area Potentialities Un-potentiation Humanity
33	The honesty of thinking : reflections on critical thinking in Nietzsche's middle period and the later Heidegger Rasmus-Vorrath, Jack Kendrick January 2014 (has links) This dissertation engages with contemporary interpretations of Nietzsche and Heidegger on the issue of self-knowing with respect to the notions of honesty and authenticity. Accounting for the two philosophers' developing conceptions of these notions allows a response to interpreters who conceive the activity of self-knowing as a primarily personal problem. The alternative accounts proposed take as a point of departure transitional texts that reveal both thinkers to be engaged in processes of revision. The reading of honesty in Chapters 1 and 2 revolves around Nietzsche's groundwork on prejudice in Morgenröthe (1880-81), where he first problematizes the moral-historical forces entailed in actuating the 'will to truth'. The reading of authenticity in Chapters 3 and 4 revolves around Heidegger's lectures on what motivates one's thinking in Was heißt Denken? (1951-52). The lectures call into question his previous formal suppositions on what calls forth one's 'will-to-have-a-conscience', in an interpretation of Parmenides on the issue of thought's linguistic determination, discussed further in the context of Unterwegs zur Sprache (1950-59). Chapter 5 shows how Heidegger's confrontation with Nietzsche contributed to his ongoing revisions to the notion of authenticity, and to the attending conceptions of critique and its authority. Particular attention is given to the specific purposes to which distinct Nietzschean foils are put near the confrontation's beginning--in Heidegger's lectures on Nietzsche's second Unzeitgemässe Betrachtung (1938), and in the monograph entitled Besinnung (1939) which they prepare--and near its end, in the interpretation of Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883-85) presented in the first half of Was heißt Denken? Chapter 6 recapitulates the developments traced from the vantage point of the retrospective texts Die Zollikoner Seminare (1959-72) and the fifth Book of Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (1887). Closing remarks are made in relation to recent empirical research on the socio-environmental structures involved in determining self-identity. 126
34	Filosofiese analise van aspekte van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk se Geloofsleer / A philosophical analysis of aspects of the articles of faith of the Dutch Reformed Church Crouse, Johan Theodor 01 1900 (has links) Text in Afrikaans with abstracts in Afrikaans, English and Zulu. Translated title in English supplied / Die hoofdoel van die verhandeling is om die fundamentele aanspraak van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk aan te spreek dat sy belydenisskrifte, met spesifieke verwysing na daardie leerstellings wat met die vraag oor die ontstaan van die mensdom en die oorsprong van sonde handel en wat in 1619 deur die Sinode van Dordrecht aanvaar is, waar is. Hierdie leerstellings word (teologies) as waarhede voorgehou dat dit op die Bybel as die Woord van God gegrond is. Die vertrekpunt van die verhandeling is dat die betrokke leerstellings vanuit ’n toepaslike historiese konteks benader moet word wanneer die vraag van hulle geldigheid aangespreek word. Nog meer, betoog die verhandeling dat dit vandag epistemologies geregverdig is om te glo dat die betrokke leerstellings deur hedendaagse wetenskaplike bevindings en ander tersaaklike bewyse onwaar gemaak is. Die kwessie van waarheid moet daarom (her-)aangespreek word vanuit ’n perspektief wat moderne wetenskaplike bevindings insluit. Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk het egter in 2010 suggereer dat sy fundamentele leerstellings met daardie (wetenskaplike) bewyse wat dit onwaar maak, kan medebestaan. Die verhandeling demonstreer dat dit nie moontlik is nie. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy) Filosofie van religie Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk Sinode van Dordrecht God Goddelike openbaring Bybel Ontstaan van die mensdom Erfsonde Waarheid Rede Geloof Wetenskaplike verduideliking Doksastiese agent Epistemologiese regverdiging Philosophy of religion Dutch Reformed Church Synod of Dordrecht God Divine revelation Bible Origin of humankind Original sin Truth Reason Faith Scientific explanation Doxastic agent Epistemological justification Ifilosofi yenkolo ISonto LamaDashi Eliguqukile UNkulunkulu Isambulo sikaNkulunkulu iBhayibheli Imvelaphi yabantu Isono sokuqala Iqiniso Isizathu Ukholo Incazelo yesayensi Inxusa lezinkolelo 238.4268 South Africa -- Church history Church and state -- South Africa
35	The Shades of Styles : A human search for words communicating all aspects of styles. Hellerslien, Erlend January 2021 (has links) This research is an investigative attempt on the concept of style´s development to potentially noticing our diverse human history on viewing the aspect of styles, starting (in the part one) by looking into the problem of the development of styles and its characteristic of representation in terms of its messages, realties, semiotics, and human collaboration. Leading towards the human search in seeing style more commonly neutral for a more meaningful dialog. The research shows then (in the part two) the potential to build a Digital Style Dictionary and A Digital Visual Compass: A Human-Centric Guide on The Aspect of Seeing Reality’s that can support identifying aspects of multiple realities (core reality, abstract reality, surreal reality and artificial reality) — where two cases (in the part three) of visual styles get analyzed, discussed, reframed, and presented (Transpace and Swisch). Fundamentally this paper looks to provoke a discussion on what we humans want the point to be in seeing styles. The complexity is as grand as our diversity, but still, this research highlights the hope to respectfully identify the distinctive shades of styles for the sake of a more significant human dialog and inclusion. The research´s grand ambition is knowingly bigger than what it itself can grasp to complete right now (2021) fully. It proposes an idea for the near future to shape a Digital Style Dictionary and a Digital Visual Compass that works for the common human aspect of seeing styles. This research is a first attempt towards shaping the fundamental frame towards a spectrum of the style´s, that we can respectfully continue to articulate for the sake to include better human communication on the aspect of seeing distinctiveness, not that style´s stands in a capital value program between something “high” or “low.” Instead, we can now start to collaborate in shaping and building these potential tools as A Digital Style Dictionary and A Digital Visual Compass in sharing a more human-centric spectrum of styles to push the human evolution of knowledge further. Style Styles Shades of Styles Digital Style Design Theory Semiotic Theory Semiotics Semantics Seethics Design Inclusion User Experience Design Cultural Analytics Visual Worlds Art Historical Writing Digital Art History Visual Studies Visual Literacy Human Communication Digital Style Dictionary Digital Visual Compass Spectrum Reality Multi Realities Core Reality Abstract Reality Surreal Reality Artifical Reality Phenomenolgy Moral Ethics Labels Critical Terms Aspects of Seeing Representation Transpace Style Swisch Style Medium RAW Image Artifical Intelligence AI Visual Exploration Humankind Fundamentals Bias Gizmos Hyperreality Mythologies Sterotyping Discrimination Stories of Art Synesthesia Post-truth Fake Photo Creativity Art Direction Editing Advertising Manipulation Marketing Animation Photography Film Ilustration Graphic Design Arcitecture Color Icon Beauty Human Commonality Respect Diversity Art History Konstvetenskap Visual Arts Bildkonst

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