L’avènement du Génie électrique, il y a plus d’un siècle maintenant, s’est accompagné dès ses débuts, de recherche de matériaux ferromagnétiques performants pour la réalisation de l’élément central des dispositifs électromagnétiques, le circuit ou noyau magnétique. Ces matériaux, constitués initialement de fer, ont été très vite alliés au silicium, au cobalt et au nickel pour plusd’efficacité énergétique. Pour un dispositif donné, le choix d’un tel ou tel matériau passe souvent par un exercice de compromis vis-à-vis des besoins applicatifs (performances magnétiques, caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques, etc., et bien sûr coût). La fréquence et la température de fonctionnement sont entre autres des paramètres importants. Parmi ces matériaux, les FeNi, bien qu’ils soient matures industriellement, voient toujours de nouveaux marchés s’ouvrirent à eux année après année grâce à l’attrait technique qu’ils exercent. Ce travail s'inscrit dans la continuité des recherches engagées à AMPERE sur les modèles comportementaux de matériaux magnétiques avec prise en compte des effets de la température. En effet, la recherche permanente de performances et de compacité ou intégration pour tous les dispositifs électromagnétiques soumet les circuits magnétiques à des contraintes physiques et en particulier thermiques de plus en plus sévères. Il est donc nécessaire de caractériser et modéliserprécisément les matériaux ferromagnétiques, et plus particulièrement les alliages FeNi, afin de les intégrer dans les outils de conception et d’optimisation de ces dispositifs. Pour cela, nous avons notamment dû mettre en oeuvre un dispositif expérimental adapté, et réaliser de nombreuses et longues expérimentations afin d’élaborer des modèles performants de comportement de ces matériaux. Ces modèles étudiés ou/et développés ont été ensuite testés sur une démonstrateur réel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse qui s’est déroulée en collaboration avec le Centre de Recherche du groupe APERAM, nous avons choisi une application particulièrement sensible en matière de sécurité des personnes « le système de protection différentielle » où le circuit magnétique (en alliage Fe–50%Ni ou Supra50) constitue une part très importante des performances et de la fiabilité. Enfin, de nouveaux alliages FeNi(Cr, Cu) à faible teneur en Ni (donc économiques) issus du Centre de Recherche d’APERAM ont été étudiés en vue de tester leur aptitude à remplacer le Supra50 dans ces systèmes. Le but est au final de proposer des alliages FeNi économiques aptesà la fabrication du circuit magnétique des relais de disjoncteurs différentiels à propre courant. / The advent of Electrical Engineering has been accompanied since its beginning, by the research of high performance ferromagnetic materials for the realization of the central element of electromagnetic devices, the magnetic core/circuit. These materials initially consisting of iron were alloyed with silicon, cobalt and nickel for more energy efficiency. For a given device, the material must be designed to meet the requirements of the application (magnetic performances, mechanical and thermal characteristics...and cost. The frequency and the operating temperature are, among others, important parameters to be taken into account. Among these materials, the FeNi alloys, although they are industrially mature, see new markets opened to them thanks to their certain specific characteristics and the innovations brought by the manufacturers of these materials. This work is a continuation of ongoing researches in AMPERE laboratory dealing with thebehavioral models of magnetic materials taking into account the effects of temperature. Indeed, there is a trend in a growing number of electromagnetic devices to require high performance and compactness or integration. Thus, in this context, the magnetic circuits are subjected to physical and thermal stresses that are becoming more and more stringent. It is therefore necessary to resort to the experimental characterization and modeling of the behavior of ferromagnetic materials, particularly the FeNi alloys, in order to integrate them into the design and optimization tools of these devices. To do so, we have implemented an appropriate experimental bench, andachieve many and long experiments to develop advanced behavioral models of these materials. These models were then tested on a particularly sensitive application in the field of safety of persons, the differential protection system where the magnetic circuit (of Fe-50% Ni or Supra50) is a very important part of performance and reliability. Finally, new low Ni content FeNi (Cr, Cu) alloys provided by Aperam Research Center in Imphy, were studied in order to test their ability to replace the usual Supra50 alloy in these systems. The final aim is to propose new economic FeNi alloys suitable for the manufacture of the magnetic circuit of industrial ground fault circuit-breaker relay.

La première thématique développée dans ce mémoire vise à développer de nouveaux algorithmes pour la commande des éoliennes reposant sur une machine asynchrone à double alimentation et des convertisseurs multi niveaux. Deux stratégies de contrôle direct du courant, basées sur l’Hystérésis à Zones Carrées et l’Hystérésis à Zones Circulaires (HZCi) ont été proposées. Celles-ci consistent à appliquer des vecteurs de tension appropriés pour contrôler les puissances actives et réactive générées et permettent également d’équilibrer les tensions du bus continu interne des convertisseurs. Des résultats de simulation et d’expérimentation montrent que la stratégie basée sur l’HZCi est meilleure en termes de forme d’onde et de contenu harmonique des tensions de sortie.La seconde concerne la supervision et la gestion des puissances active et réactive dans une ferme éolienne au vu de son intégration dans un réseau électrique. Cette supervision centralisée est assurée par un algorithme qui distribue les consignes de puissance aux éoliennes de la ferme de manière proportionnelle. Ces références sont fonction de la capacité maximale de production de l’éolienne. Pour cela, une analyse des transits de puissance dans le système éolien à base de la machine asynchrone à double alimentation a été effectuée. Elle a permis de déterminer la caractéristique (P, Q) du générateur et de calculer ses limites de compensation en termes de puissance réactive. Une gestion locale des puissances de chaque éolienne a été développée permettant ainsi une répartition des puissances entre le stator de la machine et le convertisseur coté réseau en considérant plusieurs modes de fonctionnement du système éolien / This research work deals with two topics conditioning the large scale development of wind turbines into electrical grids. The first is devoted to the development of new algorithms for the control of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) based wind energy conversion systems. Two direct current control strategies have been proposed and are based on the hysteresis square areas (HZCA) and hysteresis circular areas (HZCI). Both strategies apply an appropriate voltage vector to control the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, and also, to balance the voltages of the inner DC bus converter. Simulation and experimental results show that the HZCI strategy is better than HZCA in terms of output voltage waveforms and harmonic contain.The second topic is dedicated to the active and reactive powers supervision in a wind farm in order to supply prescribed power references from the grid operator. This supervision is ensured by a centralized algorithm that distributes power references between wind turbines in a proportional way. These references are calculated according to the maximum production capacity of wind turbines. An analysis of the power flow in the DFIM based wind energy system has been made to identify the (P, Q) characteristic and to calculate limits in terms of reactive power compensation. The local power management of each wind system has been developed allowing the powers distribution between the stator of the DFIM and the grid side converter by considering several operating modes of the wind generator

Multilevel inverters are very popular for medium and high-voltage induction motor (IM) drive applications. They have superior performance compared to 2-level inverters such as reduced harmonic content in output voltage and current, lower common mode voltage and dv/dt, and lesser voltage stress on power switches. To get nearly sinusoidal current waveforms, the switching frequency of the conventional inverters have to be in¬creased. This will lead to higher switching losses and electromagnetic interference. The problem in using lower switching frequency is the introduction of low order harmonics in phase currents and undesirable torque ripple in the motor. The 5th and 7th harmonics are dominant for hexagonal voltage space-vector based low frequency switching. Dodecagonal voltage space-vector based multilevel inverters have been proposed as an improvement over the conventional hexagonal space vector based inverters. They achieve complete elimination of 5th and 7th order harmonics throughout the modulation range. The linear modulation range is also extended by about 6.6%, since the dodecagon is closer to circle than a hexagon. The previous works on dodecagonal voltage space vector based VSI fed drives used voltage controlled PWM (VC-PWM). Although these controllers are more popular, they have inferior dynamic performance when compared to current controlled PWM (CC¬PWM). VSIs using current controlled PWM have excellent dynamic response, inherent short-circuit protection and are simple to implement. The conventional CC-PWM tech¬niques have large switching frequency variation and large current ripple in steady-state. xix As a result, there has been significant research interest to achieve current controlled VSI fed IM drives with constant switching frequency. Two current error space vector (CESV) based hysteresis controllers for dodecagonal voltage space-vector based VSI fed induction motor drives are proposed in this work. The proposed controllers achieve nearly constant switching frequency at steady state operation, similar to VC-SVPWM based VSI fed IM drives. They also have fast dynamic response while at the same time achieving complete elimination of fifth and seventh order harmonics for the entire modulation range, due to dodecagonal voltage vector switching. The first work proposes a nearly constant switching frequency current error space vector (CESV) based hysteresis controller for an IM drive with single dodecagonal voltage space vectors. Parabolic boundaries computed offline are used in the proposed controller. An open-end winding induction motor is fed from two inverters with asymmetrical DC link voltages, to generate the dodecagonal voltage space vectors. The drive scheme is first studied at different frequencies with a space vector based PWM (SVPWM) control, to obtain the current error space vector boundaries. The CESV boundary at each frequency can be approximated with four parabolas. These parabolic boundaries are used in the proposed controller to limit the CESV trajectory. Due to symmetries in the parabolas only two set of parabola parameters, at different frequencies, need to be stored. A generalized next vector selection logic, valid for all sectors and rotation direction, is used in the proposed controller. For this an axis transformation is done in all sectors, to bring the CESV trajectory to the first sector. The sector information is obtained from the estimated fundamental stator phase voltage. The proposed controller is extensively studied using vector control at different frequencies and transient conditions. This controller maintains nearly constant switching frequency at steady state operation, similar to VC-SVPWM inverters, while at the same time achieving better dynamic performance and complete elimination of 5th and 7th order harmonics throughout the modulation range. In the second work the nearly constant switching frequency current hysteresis con¬troller is extended to multilevel dodecagonal voltage space-vector based IM drives, with online computation of CESV boundaries. The multilevel dodecagonal space-vector dia¬gram has different types of triangles, and the previously proposed methods for multilevel hexagonal VSI based current hysteresis controllers cannot be used directly. The CESV trajectory of the VC-SVPWM, obtained for present triangular region, is used as the reference trajectory of the proposed controller. The CESV reference boundaries are com¬puted online, using switching dwell time and voltage error vector of each applied vector. These quantities are calculated from estimated sampled reference phase voltages, which are found out from the stator current error ripple and the parameters of the induction motor. Whenever the actual current error space vector crosses the reference CESV tra¬jectory, an appropriate vector that will force it along the reference trajectory is switched. Extensive study of the proposed controller using vector control is done at different fre¬quencies and transient conditions. This controller has all the advantages of multilevel switching like low dv/dt, lesser electromagnetic interference, lower switch voltage stress and lesser harmonic distortion, in addition to all the dynamic performance advantages of the previous controller. The third work proposes an elegant 5th and 7th order harmonic suppression tech¬nique for open end winding split-phase induction motors, using capacitor fed inverters. Split-phase induction motors have been proposed to reduce the torque and flux ripples of conventional three-phase IM. But these motors have high 5th and 7th order harmonics in the stator windings due to lack of back-emf for these frequencies. A space-vector harmonic analysis of the split-phase IM is conducted and possible 5th and 7th order harmonic sup¬pression techniques studied. A simple harmonic suppression scheme is proposed, which requires the use of only capacitor fed inverters. A PWM scheme that can maintain the capacitor voltage as well as suppress the 5th and 7th order harmonics is also proposed. To test the performance of the proposed scheme, an open-loop v/f control is used on an open-end winding split-phase induction motor under no-load condition. Synchronized PWM with two samples per sector was used, for frequencies above 10 Hz. The har¬monic spectra of the phase voltages and currents were computed and compared with the traditional SVPWM scheme, to highlight the harmonic suppression. The concepts were initially simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Experimental verifica¬tion was done using laboratory prototypes at low power. While these concepts maybe easily extended to higher power levels by using suitably rated devices, the control tech¬niques presented shall still remain applicable. TMS320F2812 DSP platform was used to execute the control code for the proposed drive schemes. For the first work the output pins of the DSP was directly used to drive the inverter switches through a dead-band circuit. For the other two works, DSP outputs the sector information and the PWM signals. The PWM terminals and I/O lines of the DSP is used to output the timings and the triangle number respectively. An FPGA (XC3S200) was used to translate the sector information and the PWM signals to IGBT gate signal logic. A constant dead-time of 1.5 µs was also implemented inside the FPGA. Opto-isolated gate drivers with desaturation protection (M57962L) were used to drive the IGBTs. The phase currents and DC bus voltages were measured using hall-effect sensors. An incremental shaft position encoder was also connected to the motor to measure the angular velocity. The switches were realized using 1200 V, 75 A IGBT half bridge modules.

In order to design a power transformer it is important to understand its internal electromagnetic behaviour. That can be obtained by measurements on physical transformers, analytical expressions and computer simulations. One benefit with simulations is that the transformer can be studied before it is built physically and that the consequences of changing dimensions and parameters easily can be tested. In this thesis a time-domain transformer model is presented. The model includes core losses as magnetic static hysteresis, eddy current and excess eddy current losses. Moreover, the model comprises winding losses including eddy currents, capacitive effects and leakage flux. The core and windings are first modelled separately and then connected together in a total transformer model. This results in a detailed transformer model. One important result of the thesis is the possibility to simulate dynamic hysteresis including the eddy current shielding in the magnetic core material. This is achieved by using Cauer circuit combined with analytical expression for static and dynamic hysteresis. Thereby, all magnetic loss components in the material can be simulated accurately. This dynamic hysteresis model is verified through experiments showing very good agreement. / QC 20101116

Cette thèse apporte une nouvelle contribution à la caractérisation non destructive des matériaux en béton endommagés par la réaction alcalis-silice (RAS). À cette fin, des techniques et outils de caractérisation non linéaire ont été mises au point. Un banc de test de résonance non linéaire a été développé. Des améliorations ont été apportées au niveau de la chaine d'excitation et au niveau du traitement du signal afin d'optimiser la sensibilité du banc de test. Les essais non linéaires ont été effectues sur sept échantillons de béton endommagés par la RAS, trois échantillons de béton endommagés thermiquement, deux échantillons de béton endommagés mécaniquement et trois échantillons de béton sains. La non-linéarité comportementale des matériaux étant souvent attribuée au comportement hystérétique des micro-défauts contenus dans ces derniers, il a été montré dans un premier temps, que le béton endommagé par la RAS présente un comportement hystérétique. Cette étude a été faite à partir des essais de l'acousto-élastique. Le banc de test de résonance non linéaire a été ensuite utilisé pour la caractérisation des bétons sains et endommagés par la RAS. II a été montré que la technique non linéaire, en plus de permettre une caractérisation sans avoir l'historique de l'état du matériau, permet également de détecter de façon précoce l'endommagement du matériau réactif. L'influence de la teneur en eau sur les paramètres non linéaires a également été étudiée. II a été montré que les valeurs mesurées sur des échantillons de béton conservés dans des conditions de forte teneur en eau sont plus faibles. Dans l'objectif de trouver une particularité à l'endommagement causé par la RAS, la nature visqueuse du gel produit par la RAS a été utilisée. Une démarche, qui s'inspire des essais de fluage en statique réalisés sur des matériaux, a été utilisée pour répondre à cette question de signature de la RAS, tout en appliquant la technique de résonance non linéaire. Le modèle ressort-amortissement de Maxwell a été utilise pour l'interpretation des résultats. Ainsi, le temps de réponse au fluage a été analysé sur des échantillons endommagés par la RAS. II en ressort que le gel issu de la RAS rallonge le temps de réponse au fluage. Enfin, les limites de la technique de résonance non linéaire pour une application in situ ont été expliquées et une nouvelle technique non linéaire estimée applicable sur site a été initiée. Cette technique consiste à utiliser une source externe telle une masse pour provoquer la non-linéarité dans le matériau, pendant qu'une onde ultrasonore sonde le milieu.||The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the non-destructive characterization of concrete materials damaged by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). For this purpose, some nonlinear characterization techniques have been developed, as well as a nonlinear resonance test device. In order to optimize the sensitivity of the test device, the excitation module and signal processing have been improved. The nonlinear tests were conducted on seven samples of concrete damaged by ASR, three samples of concrete damaged by heat, three concrete samples damaged mechanically and three sound concrete samples. Since, nonlinear behaviour of the material is often attribute to its micro-defects hysteretic behaviour, it was shown at first that concrete damaged by ASR exhibits an hysteresis behaviour. To conduct this study, an acoustoelastic test was set, and then nonlinear resonance test device was used for characterizing sound concrete and concrete damaged by ASR. It was shown that the nonlinear technique can be used for characterizing the material without knowing its initial state, and also for detecting early damage in the reactive material. Studies were also carried out on the effect of moisture regarding the nonlinear parameters; they allowed understanding the low values of nonlinear parameters measured on concrete samples that were kept in high moisture conditions. In order to find a specific characteristic of damage caused by ASR, the viscosity of ASR gel was used. An approach, based on static creep analysis, performed on the material, while applying the nonlinear resonance technique. The spring-damping model of Maxwell was used for the interpretation of the results. Then, the creep time was analysed on samples damaged by ASR. It appears that the ASR gel increases the creep time. Finally, the limitations of the nonlinear resonance technique for in situ application have been explained and a new applicable nonlinear technique was initiated. This technique use an external source such as a mass for making non-linearity behaviour in the material, while an ultrasound wave is investigating the medium.

New analytical and numerical solutions are developed to both the kinematic approximation to the St Venant equations and the Hairsine-Rose (HR) soil erosion model in order to gain a better physical understanding of soil erosion and sediment transport in shallow overland flow. The HR model is unique amongst physically based erosion models in that it is the only one that: considers the entire distribution of the soil s sediment size classes, considers the development of a layer of deposited non-cohesive sediment having different characteristics to the original underlying cohesive soil and considers separately the erosion processes of rainfall detachment, runoff entrainment and gravitational deposition. The method of characteristics and the method of lines were used to develop both the analytical and numerical solutions respectively. These solutions were obtained for boundary and initial conditions typical of those used in laboratory flume experiments along with physically realistic constant and time dependent excess rainfall rates. Depending on the boundary and initial conditions, interesting new solutions of the kinematic wave equation containing expansion waves, travelling shocks as well as solutions which split into an upslope and downslope drying profiles were found. Numerical solutions of the HR model were applied to the experimental flume data of Polyakov and Nearing (2003) obtained under flow conditions which periodically cycled between net erosion and net deposition conditions. While excellent agreement was found with suspended sediment data, the analysis suggested that an additional transport mechanisms, traditionally not included in soil erosion models, was occurring. While the inclusion of bed-load transport improved the ii overall model prediction, it was still not sufficient. Subsequent asymptotic analysis then showed that the interaction of the flow with an evolving bed morphology was in fact far more important than bed load transport. A very interesting finding from this work showed that the traditional criterion of validating sediment transport model based solely on suspended sediment data was not sufficient as reliable predictions could be obtained even when important transport mechanisms were neglected. Experimental plots of sediment discharge or suspended sediment concentration against water discharge in overland flow have been shown to contain significant hysteresis between the falling and rising limbs of the discharge hydrograph. In the final Chapter, the numerical solution developed for the complete system of soil erosion and kinematic flow was used to show that it was possible for the HR model to simulate three of the four hysteresis loops identified in the literature. Counter clock-wise loops, clock-wise loops and figure 8 loops could all be produced as a result of starting with different initial conditions, being mi(x; 0) = 0, mi(x; 0) = pimt and mi(x; 0) = 0:5pimt respectively. This is the first time that these types of hysteresis loops have been produced by any erosion model. The generation of these hysteresis loops are physically explainable in terms of sediment availability and is consistent with data obtained on the field scale.

In this thesis, an interface passivation by a lattice matched atomic layer deposition (ALD) epitaxial magnesium calcium oxide (MgCaO) on wide-bandgap gallium nitride (GaN) has been applied for the first time and expensively studied via various characterization methods (including AC conductance methods, pulsed current-voltage, and single pulse charge pumping). Also, beta-Ga2O3 with a monoclinic crystal structure that offers several surface oriented channels has been demonstrated as potential beta-Ga2O3 FET. On the other hand, low frequency noise studies in 2-D MoS2 NC-FETs was reported for the first time. Low frequency noise of the devices is systematically studied depending on various interfacial oxides, different thicknesses of interfacial oxide, and ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide. Interestingly enough, the low frequency noise is found to decrease with thicker ferroelectric HZO in the subthreshold regime of the MoS2 NC-FETs, in stark contrast to the conventional high-k transistors. Also, the ferroelectric switching speed is found to be related with the maximum electric field applied during the fast gate voltage sweep, suggesting the internal ferroelectric switching speed can be even faster depending on the device’s electrical bias conditions and promises a high speed performance in our ferroelectric HZO

Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes finos de Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) e válvulas de spin de Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta via Sputtering, e seus comportamentos magnéticos foram estudados analisando curvas de inversão de primeira ordem (First Order Reversal Curves, FORCs). Um Modelo de Preisach com Exchange-Bias foi desenvolvido e sua implementação computacional permitiu simular a histerese e as curvas forcas das bicamadas de NiFe/FeMn. O modelo também permitiu reproduzir os comportamentos assimétricos dos dois ramos da curva de histerese destes filmes. A análise dos resultados evidenciou os efeitos de campo médio sobre a camada de Py em função da espessura da camada de FeMn. A aplicação da análise FORC nas válvulas de spin se revelou interessante para estudar o grau de acoplamento entre as camadas livre e pressa, assim como os efeitos de campo médio em cada camada. / In this work, thin films of Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) and spin valves of Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta were produced via sputtering and their magnetic behavior were studied by First Order Reversal Curves (FORC\'s) analysis. A Preisach Model with Exchange-Bias was developed and applied in order to simulate the hysteresis and the first order reversal curves of the NiFe/FeMn bilayers. In addition, the model allowed to reproduce the asymmetric behaviors present in both branches of the hysteresis curve in these films. The study put in evidence the mean field effects on de Py layer as a function of the thickness of the FeMn layer. The application of the FORC analysis in the spin valves was interesting to study the degree of coupling between the free and the pressed layers, as well as the effect of mean field in each layer.

Estudamos propriedades magnéticas de ligas nano cristalinas de Sm-F e-Co. As ligas foram preparadas por mecano-síntese e posterior tratamento térmico. Como resultado, obtivemos ímãs nanocristalinos de Sm18 (Fe,Co)82 , com Sm(Fe,Co)7 como fase principal. As ligas apresentaram excelentes propriedades magnéticas: remanências relativas Mn/ Ms ~ 0.6 e coercividades na faixa 5-20 kOe, dependendo do teor de Fe nos materiais. Interações magnéticas nas ligas foram estudadas com base nos gráficos ele Henkel. Interpretamos, nestes gráficos, de maneira consistente a influência elas interações e dos estados desmagnetizados. / We studied the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Sm-Fe-Co alloys. These alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing. We obtained nanocrystalline rnagnets of composition Sm18 (Fe, Co )82 , for which the main hard magnetic phase is Sm(Fe, Co)82. The alloys showed excellent magnetic properties: relative remanence Mn/ Ms :2; 0.6 and coercive fields ranging from 5 to 20 k0e, depending upon the amount of Fe present. Henkel plots were used in order to study magnetic interactions in these alloys. The influence of the interactions and the demagnetized state on the Henkel plots was also studied.

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica, na área de concentração de engenharia de sistemas, da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema de acionamento (driver) para os atuadores piezoelétricos do interferômetro de Fabry-Pérot do espectrômetro BTFI (Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager), um instrumento visitante do telescópio SOAR (Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope), no Chile. O Fabry-Pérot é um instrumento óptico composto de duas superfícies paralelas altamente reflexivas (espelhos), cuja distância é controlada por um sistema de nanoposicionamento composto de três atuadores piezoelétricos (piezos) do tipo APA® (Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators) e um sistema de medida capacitivo. O principal requisito técnico de desempenho do sistema de nanoposicionamento do Fabry-Pérot é tal que o ruído de posicionamento dos espelhos deve ser limitado a 3 . No entanto, os fenômenos não lineares de histerese e escorregamento (creep) dos piezos limitam a precisão de posicionamento do sistema de controle, razão pela qual foi desenvolvido um sistema de acionamento por carga e tensão para os piezos, com o intuito de atenuar suas não linearidades e, consequentemente, melhorar o desempenho do sistema de controle em malha fechada, em termos de ruído de posicionamento. A primeira etapa deste trabalho consistiu da caracterização do modelo e da instrumentação do sistema de nanoposicionamento do Fabry-Pérot, composto de sensores capacitivos, conversores de sinal, atuadores piezoelétricos e sistema de aquisição de dados. Após a caracterização dos componentes do sistema, sua especificação técnica de desempenho de 3 foi traduzida em requisitos de engenharia para o projeto do sistema eletrônico de acionamento dos piezos por carga e tensão, notadamente em termos de ruído, tempo de resposta, banda de resposta em frequência, ganho, corrente e tensão elétricas e dissipação de potência. Uma vez concluído o projeto do driver, um protótipo foi implementado e testado com o sistema real, a fim de se verificar experimentalmente a atenuação dos efeitos não lineares. Finalmente, foram realizados alguns experimentos com o driver e o sistema de nanoposicionamento em malha fechada, controlado por um compensador PI, a fim de se verificar a influência da atenuação das não linearidades dos piezos nesta configuração. Após a análise dos resultados experimentais obtidos, verificou-se que o ruído de posicionamento do sistema, em malha fechada, é significativamente menor quando os fenômenos não linearidades dos piezos são atenuados. / This work represents the research project to obtain the degree of Master of Sciences in Electrical Engineering, specializing in Systems Engineering, at the Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. The main objective of this project was to design an electronic power driver for the piezoelectric actuators of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer of the BTFI spectrometer, a visitor instrument of the SOAR telescope, in Chile. Fabry-Pérot is an optical instrument composed by two high reflexive parallel surfaces (mirrors), which distance is controlled by a nanopositioning system composed by three piezoelectric actuators (piezos) of the class APA® (Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators) and a capacitive measurement system. The main performance specification of the Fabry-Pérots nanopositioning system is such that the positioning noise must be limited to 3 . However, the nonlinear behaviors (hysteresis and creep) of the piezos limit the positioning precision of the control system, for which reason a charge and voltage actuation system was developed for the piezos, in order to mitigate its nonlinearities and, consequently, improve the performance of the control system in closed loop, in terms of positioning noise. The first step in this work consisted on the characterization of the Fabry-Pérot nanopositioning systems model and instrumentation, which are composed by capacitive sensors, signal converters, piezoelectric actuators and a data acquisition board. After the characterization of the components of the nanopositioning system, the 3 specification was interpreted to low level engineering requirements for the design of the charge and voltage driver, especially in terms of noise, response time, frequency bandwidth, gain, electrical current, voltage and power dissipation. Once concluded the design of the driver, a prototype was implemented and tested in the real system, in order to verify the attenuation of the nonlinear effects. Finally, some experiments with the driver and the nanopositioning system were performed in closed loop, controlled by a PI compensator, in order to verify the influence of the attenuation of the nonlinearities of the piezos in such configuration. The analysis of the obtained experiment results showed that the nanopositioning systems noise, in closed loop, is significantly reduced when the nonlinear effects of the pizeos are attenuated.