Orientador: Lúcia Helena Reily / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_HannaT.G.P._M.pdf: 64424296 bytes, checksum: 0ea59cb6a76faf9ee2caf4fe0ade1f97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa visou investigar o processo criativo de artistas plásticos que produzem livros de imagem no sentido de compreender os modos de sua produção poética e criativa da narração visual. Os livros de imagem são produções nas quais a narrativa é desenvolvida a partir da sequência de imagens, visando, geralmente, ao público infantil. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, escolhemos três renomados e premiados artistas na categoria livro de imagem, cujos processos criativos de construção narrativa serão o objeto do estudo. A abordagem da psicologia que fundamenta a pesquisa é a sociocultural (tendo Lev S. Vygotsky, como principal expoente), com apoio das contribuições de Fayga Ostrower e Ernst Gombrich no campo das artes visuais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, filmadas em vídeo e transcritas. Neste estudo, pudemos vislumbrar as especificidades que permeiam os processos criativos de narrativas visuais, nos quais, pautados na experiência, o artista estrutura suas obras sem que esteja, necessariamente, consciente dos modos que o faz. Por outro lado, observamos que suas intenções baseiam-se na tentativa de ampliação de repertório imagético de seus leitores, corroborando na formação estética das crianças / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the creative processes of three visual artists that produce picture books, in order to understand how poetic production and visual narratives are engendered. Picture books, geared, usually, towards children, are works in which the narrative is developed through a sequence of images. In this study, three renowned artists who have won several prizes in the picture book category (namely André Neves, Angela Lago e Graça Lima) participated in the study, discussing their creative processes in narrative construction. The study is founded on the sociocultural approach (Lev S. Vygotsky being the main exponent of this theoretical construct). Othercontributions came from the writings of Fayga Ostrower and Ernst Gombrich in the field of visual arts. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews that were filmed and transcribed. In this study, we were able to uncover characteristics that permeate these artists' creative processes for making visual narratives. The artists draw on the own artistic experiences, childhood memories, and visual references, in order to structure their compositions, though this process may not always be a conscious one. As they Interact and negotiate with publishing houses, the artists reported that their aim is to broaden the visual repertoire of their readers, contributing to children's aesthetic development / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestre em Artes

[pt] A pesquisa trata da inserção do ilustrador no mercado editorial de maneira alternativa ao sistema hegemônico de produção. Tem como objeto de estudo a ilustração ficcional literária e visa a produção de livros de imagem em escala local, de maneira sustentável, como resistência à indústria massificada, dando, assim, autonomia a autores fora do eixo hegemônico. É uma aplicação prática do conceito de sustentabilidade comunicacional, na observação da produção de conteúdo, tendo a cultura popular como recorte e a manifestação Bate-Bola como estudo de caso. / [en] The research deals with the insertion of the illustrator in the publishing market as an alternative to the hegemonic production system. Its object of study is fictional literary illustration and aims to produce picture books on a local scale, in a sustainable way, as a resistance to mass industry, thus giving autonomy to authors outside the hegemonic axis. It is a practical application of the concept of communicational sustainability, in the observation of content production, having popular culture as a cutout and the Bate-Bola demonstration as a case study.

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La thèse, construite sur des fonds d’archives inédits et de nombreux entretiens, porte sur les collections éditoriales d’albums pour enfants depuis les années 1960. Elle montre comment s'articulent et s’affrontent création et édition afin de proposer une réflexion sur la création éditoriale. Après un rappel des formes historiques, une cartographie des modèles de collections d’albums depuis les années 1960 est mise au jour. Loin d’être des lieux neutres, les collections font l’objet de contestations au tournant des années 1960-1970. La thèse analyse comment, dans de nouveaux contextes, les positions des différents acteurs des collections, auteurs, illustrateurs, directeurs de collection, éditeurs, se déplacent, et étudie les tensions de leurs interactions. Le dépouillement des archives de la Charte créée par les auteurs et illustrateurs, permet de mettre au jour leurs aspirations et combats. L’analyse du parcours éditorial de F. Ruy-Vidal montre les difficultés à introduire l’innovation éditoriale. La recherche sur les conditions de possibilité de la créativité éditoriale se poursuit au travers de trois modèles de fonctionnements innovants : le studio Delpire (ou : comment l’œil éditorial se forme-t-il et quelles sont les fonctions de l’équipe éditoriale ?) ; les collections du Rouergue dirigées par O. Douzou (quels sont les apports pour la créativité éditoriale d’un directeur de collection également auteur et illustrateur ?) ; et les éditions contemporaines Magnani (ou : peut-on sortir de la séparation collections pour enfants/collections pour adultes ?). En conclusion, une synthèse cherche à construire des outils d’analyse théorique de la créativité éditoriale. / This thesis deals with French children’s picture book series since the 1960s. It highlights the difficulties to bridge creation and edition while providing an analysis of editorial creativity. After mentionning historical models of children’s series, we describe the evolution of series models (chapter 1 and 2). We show that this evolution was not without challenges. In the 60s and 70s, some authors and illustrators were craving for more legitimacy (chapter 3). At the same period, Ruy Vidal’s editorial career as publisher and editor allows us to discover the difficulties to introduce editorial innovations (chapter 4). It is then necessary to study the editorial conditions for creativity (chapter 5, 6, 7) through the examples of « Studio Delpire » (we wonder about his editorial « eye » and about the creative function of the editorial team), O. Douzou (Rouergue) (the question here is : what does an author-illustrator-editor provide ?), J. Magnani, a contemporary publisher (who tries to go beyond the frontier between children’s and adult’s books). All in all, these elements will help us discover ways to think of and analyze editorial creativity. The thesis is based on unexplored archives and numerous interviews with actors of the children’s picture books field.

以往，插畫家很難有機會得以嶄露頭角，然而近年，不少素人插畫家成立了 臉書粉絲團，並透過Line Creators Market等平台逐漸打開知名度，一個原本默默無聞的原創角色可能突然在幾個月間迅速竄紅。社群媒體給了插畫家一個新的舞台，而這些從網路發跡的插畫家藉由角色創作，不僅創造了粉絲、累積了知名度，並逐步開創周邊經濟效益，將台灣角色經濟帶入新的世代。 自媒體的出現，改變了圖文創作者既有商業模式的發展樣貌，當我們回頭 審視，會不由自主地想問：這一切究竟是如何發生的？社群媒體管道對這些內容創作者產生了什麼影響及變化？其變現方式為何？現在的盈利模式能否持續？有鑑於此，本研究試圖從「商業模式」的觀點，藉由Osterwalder&Pigneur提出之商業模式圖（Business Model Canvas）架構，將研究對象設定為「經營自媒體擁有粉絲資產，藉由圖像內容創作朝向IP化（Intellectual Property）發展並具備變現能力之『FB世代』網路插畫家。」並從以下三大方向進行探問：（1）網路插畫家如何選擇社群媒體平台？其在社群平台的經營策略為何？對於收益流又會產生甚麼樣的影響？如何串聯線上及線下通路整合操作？（2）網路插畫家主要之商業模式為何？通路管道與其他商業模式九宮格元素如何互相配套？（3）網路插畫家有哪些未來發展計畫？又有哪些發展契機與挑戰？ 本研究透過多個案研究法，綜合深度訪談法和參與觀察法進行資料蒐集和分析，以探討 FB 世代網路插畫家之通路管道經營變現策略及商業模式架構。研究 結果發現：（1）網路插畫家依據經營型態比重，可歸納為「FB內容創作型網路插畫家」、「Line貼圖創作型網路插畫家」及「品牌授權化網路插畫家」等三種經營型態；（2）網路插畫家崛起於Facebook或Line 貼圖之線上單一通路平台，以粉絲為經營核心，形塑著從線上到線下、B2C到B2B的變現收益管道；（3）其價值主張為能引起粉絲共鳴的梗，並在大數據時代藉由分眾化行銷經營著顧客關係；（4）自媒體時代實現接近零成本的網路創業夢想，當進入商業化發展階段需進行最適化關鍵資源與關鍵合作夥伴合作評估。 / In the past years, illustrators had little opportunity to be seen. But in recent years, more and more illustrators joined the competition and posted their artworks on Facebook Fan Pages, or became well known through the Line Creators Market, an original character may suddenly turn famous in just a few months. Social media provides a new stage to the illustrators. With the creation of new characters, they gain more fans, build up their fame, gradually bring up the sales for the related products, and bring the Taiwan character merchandising into the new generation. The emergence of we media changed the development of business model for graphic creators. When we look back, we cannot help but ask "How did all these happen? What impact and change do social media channels have on these graphic creators? How did they liquidize it? Will the current profit model continue?" In view of this, this study attempts to research from the view of "business model", along with Osterwalder&Pigneur's Business Model Canvas structure, and sets the research object as the illustrators of "FB generation" who operate we media with the asset of fans, make graphic designs that turn into IP (Intellectual Property) and have cashability". The following three main questions will be brought up: (1) How do illustrators choose their social media platform? What is the business strategy for their social media platform? What is the impact on the revenue stream? How do illustrators integrate online and offline channel operations? (2) What is the main business model for internet illustrators? How do the Business Model Canvas elements of the channel pipelines and other business models match each other? (3) What are the future development plans for internet illustrators? What are the development opportunities and challenges? In this study, the data collection and analysis are carried out by means of multiple case studies, comprehensive and deep interviews, and participant observation to explore the channel management strategy and business model structure of FB generation illustrators. The results show that: (1) The internet illustrators can be grouped as "FB content creation illustrators", "Line sticker creation illustrators" and "brand authorized illustrators" according to the proportion of business type; (2) Internet illustrators emerge from a single online platform, such as Facebook or Line, and use the fans as the business core to shape the liquidizing channels from online to offline and B2C to B2B;(3) The value of the idea is the punchline that resonates with the fans and to operate customer relationship by segment marketing in this big data era;(4) We media makes the dream of starting a business at almost zero cost come true. But when it enters the commercializing development stage, it needs to evaluate the optimization of the key resources and the key partners.