Este trabalho visa ao estudo da dinamicidade linguística do português contemporâneo, por meio da observação de neologismos lexicais coletados na imprensa escrita. Levando em consideração o aspecto ideológco da linguagem, busca acompanhar a atuação do falante em relação à produção de novas palavra, os motivos pelos quais surgem e o grau de resistência ao seu uso. Objetiva analisar os principais processos de formação de vocábulos em língua portuguesa e identificar os mais produtivos no âmbito do corpus. Ademais, pretende demonstrar as etapas distintas dos processos de inovação e adoção dos neologismos, sobre os quais incidem vários fatores de ordem social, ressaltando a importância da contextualização do vocábulo, cujo exame deve ocorrer sempre à luz dos aspectos discursivos. E, como objetivo último, busca analisar até que ponto as mudanças vivenciadas pela sociedade brasileira estão se refletindo em nossa língua / This work seeks to the study of the linguistic renovation in the contemporary Portuguese, through the observation of lexical neologisms collected in the written press. Taking into account the ideological aspect of the language, search to accompany the speakers performance in relation to the production of new words, the reasons for the which appear and the resistance degree to its use. Lens to analyze the main processes of formation of words in Portuguese language and identify the most productive in the extent of the corpus. Besides, it intends to demonstrate the different stages from the innovation processes and adoption of the neologisms, on which happen several factors of social order, the importance of the context in the word, whose exam should always happen at the light of the discursive aspects standing out. And, as last objective, search to analyze to what extent the changes lived by the Brazilian society ar being reflected in our language

Este trabalho visa ao estudo da dinamicidade linguística do português contemporâneo, por meio da observação de neologismos lexicais coletados na imprensa escrita. Levando em consideração o aspecto ideológco da linguagem, busca acompanhar a atuação do falante em relação à produção de novas palavra, os motivos pelos quais surgem e o grau de resistência ao seu uso. Objetiva analisar os principais processos de formação de vocábulos em língua portuguesa e identificar os mais produtivos no âmbito do corpus. Ademais, pretende demonstrar as etapas distintas dos processos de inovação e adoção dos neologismos, sobre os quais incidem vários fatores de ordem social, ressaltando a importância da contextualização do vocábulo, cujo exame deve ocorrer sempre à luz dos aspectos discursivos. E, como objetivo último, busca analisar até que ponto as mudanças vivenciadas pela sociedade brasileira estão se refletindo em nossa língua / This work seeks to the study of the linguistic renovation in the contemporary Portuguese, through the observation of lexical neologisms collected in the written press. Taking into account the ideological aspect of the language, search to accompany the speakers performance in relation to the production of new words, the reasons for the which appear and the resistance degree to its use. Lens to analyze the main processes of formation of words in Portuguese language and identify the most productive in the extent of the corpus. Besides, it intends to demonstrate the different stages from the innovation processes and adoption of the neologisms, on which happen several factors of social order, the importance of the context in the word, whose exam should always happen at the light of the discursive aspects standing out. And, as last objective, search to analyze to what extent the changes lived by the Brazilian society ar being reflected in our language

Cette étude repose sur l’influence empirique d’un changement de paradigme définitoire sur l’utilisation des anglicismes dans la presse écrite francophone. Construite autour d’une opposition entre anglicismes en général, anglicismes avec équivalent en français et anglicismes sans équivalent, elle analyse en diachronie (2000-2015) les nombreuses différences liées au changement de définition ainsi qu’à ses retombées sur des analyses comparatives portant sur l’origine géographique (France-Québec) et la nature (« de référence » ou « populaire ») du journal. Fort de plus de 330 millions de mots, notre corpus regroupe les publications de 2000 à 2015 de quatre quotidiens différents: Le Monde et Le Parisien pour la France, Le Devoir et La Presse pour le Québec. De plus, les listes témoins, l’une de 5 416 anglicismes et l’autre de 2 934, formées à l’aide de deux dictionnaires de langue générale (Le Petit Robert 2016 et Le Multidictionnaire de la langue française-4e édition 2013) et deux dictionnaires spécialisés (Le Dictionnaire des anglicismes de Höfler et Le Colpron, dictionnaire des anglicismes-4e édition) de France et du Québec. Premièrement, les résultats que nous obtenons montrent qu’en général, la fréquence d’utilisation est faible (0,72% pour tous les anglicismes ; 0,28% pour les anglicismes avec équivalents ; 0,44% pour les anglicismes sans équivalent) que ce soit en France ou au Québec, ce qui est plutôt conforme aux conclusions des études précédentes. Il y a cependant des différences quant aux résultats obtenus pour chaque analyse étant donné que le taux d’anglicisme est une fois et demi plus faible selon que l’on considère qu’un anglicisme doit avoir un équivalent ou non. Cela montre que la définition du concept d’« anglicisme » a un impact incontestable sur la fréquence affichée. Deuxièmement, nous observons que ce changement de définition influe également sur des critères d’analyse spécifiques tels la diatopie ou la nature des journaux. / This study addresses the impact of a definition paradigm shift on the use of anglicisms in the French-speaking written press. Built around a diachronic analysis (2000-2015) of the numerous differences linked to a change of definition, it also ventures into the impact such a change may have on comparative analysis focusing on geographical origin (France vs Quebec) or the nature of the newspaper (“of record” vs “popular”). It aims at contributing to the literature though two different aspects:(1) This study is the only conceptual work to highlight what sort of impact a change in the definition of “English borrowing” can have on the frequency of anglicism usage. It shows through an opposition with/without French equivalents, that an analysis focused only on anglicisms for which French provides an equivalent – those Forest and Boudreau (1998) consider “unnecessary” or “erroneous” (Villers, 2009) – reveals an important drop in the usage frequency compared to an analysis based on all anglicisms. It also unveils that, out of three anglicisms extracted from my corpus, two have no equivalents in French and are de facto unavoidable.(2) This research is, to my knowledge, one of the first in comparative study to show, with empirical evidence, how definition affects not only usage frequency, but also dictates the way newspapers develop over time depending on different criterion. Based on two different angles of comparison (geographical origin and nature of the journal), I also show that a change in the definition leads to different evolution trajectories, different relationships between our newspapers and different diachronic variations. To answer my research questions, I built one of the largest corpora ever used for a study on anglicisms. With more than 330 million words, it gathers all the articles published by four different newspapers for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015: Le Monde and Le Parisien for France, and Le Devoir and La Presse for Quebec. I also used two lists of keywords composed of 5416 and 2934 anglicisms taken from two general dictionaries (Le Petit Robert 2016 and Le Multidictionnaire de la langue française–4th edition 2013) and two specialized dictionaries (Höfler’s Dictionnaire des anglicismes–1982 and Le Colpron, dictionnaire des anglicismes–4th edition). By going far beyond what previous studies have done, it offers a more advanced overview than usual.First, my results show that the usage frequency is generally low (0.72% for all anglicisms; 0.28% for anglicisms with equivalents only; 0.44% for anglicisms without equivalents only) both in France and Quebec, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies. However, I find clear differences in terms of results for each analysis, as the frequency rate for anglicisms with equivalents is 1.5 times lower than the frequency rate for anglicisms without equivalent. This proves that the definition of the very concept of “anglicism” directly influences the frequency of usage. Second, I observe that this change of definition also affects comparative analysis focused on specific criteria such as the geographical origin or the nature of the newspapers. My study thus reveals great nuances in terms of trend over 15 years according to which definition is used: for instance, results for Quebec newspapers are slowly decreasing over time when anglicisms with equivalents are concerned, – especially for Le Devoir, whereas they increase when anglicisms do not have an equivalent. When it comes to the nature of the newspaper, Le Parisien, which is the newspaper that uses the most anglicisms of the four, forms a much more heterogeneous duo with La Presse when only anglicisms with equivalents are taken into account. They also give prominence to Le Devoir and Le Monde whose evolution trends are close to identical when the broader definition of Anglicism is used but a bit more asymmetric when equivalents come into play.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Entre 1979 et 1989, la région des Antilles et de la Guyane, et plus particulièrement la Guadeloupe, ont connu une décennie de violence. 284 attentats à la bombe ont été commis dans ces pays, soit un peu plus de 10 % des 2616 attentats perpétrés sur le territoire français de 1973 à 1980. Ces actes de violence ont été revendiqués par deux organisations “terroristes“ successives : le Groupe de libération armée (G.L.A) et l’Alliance révolutionnaire caraïbe. Cette “lutte armée“ avait pour objectif de “pousser“ le gouvernement français à accorder l’indépendance nationale à ses dernières possessions des Antilles et de l’Amérique du Sud. Cette thèse intitulée : “le traitement, dans la presse écrite, de la violence politique en Guadeloupe de 1979 à 1989“ s’attache à interroger la stratégie discursive des journaux nationaux et régionaux pour rendre compte des violences dans un pays où est à l’œuvre une théorie politique de l’assimilation. En se fondant sur le schéma actanciel, ce travail, dans sa première partie, s’emploie à dégager les grandes étapes de la formule “départementalisation“ qui s’est imposée au fil du temps comme cadre politique de régulation de la vie publique des départements d’outre-mer. Dans sa deuxième partie, il s’attarde à mettre en lumière le long processus historique qui a conduit aux événements de violence précités. Ceux-ci sont analysés, dans la troisième partie, par la technique de mise en relation contrastive du quotidien de “référence“ le “Monde“ et du journal “nationaliste“ le “Journal Guadeloupéen“, et par celle de l’analyse de contenu. Les résultats de ce travail sont de deux ordres : 1) le phénomène de la violence politique est saisi dans son fonctionnement pratique et théorique ; les premières vérités, à la suite d’une enquête approfondie, apparaissent sur cette période troublée. 2) la mise en relation contrastive, les analyses lexicale et thématique révèlent avec quel substrat les journaux construisent leurs dires. / Between 1979 and 1989, the region covering the French West Indies and Guyana, and in particular Guadeloupe, experienced a decade of violence. 284 bomb attacks were committed in these countries, i.e. slightly more than 10% of the 2,616 attacks carried out throughout French territory between 1973 and 1980. Two “terrorist” organizations successively claimed responsibility for these acts of violence: the Liberation Army Group (G.L.A.) and the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance. The aim of this “armed struggle” was to “incite” the French government to grant national independence to its last strongholds in the West Indies and South America. This dissertation, entitled “How the written press dealt with the political violence in Guadeloupe between 1979 and 1989”, focuses on questioning the discursive strategy implemented by national and regional newspapers for reporting the violence in a country where a political theory on assimilation was brought into play. In its first part, this work, which is based on the actantial model, concentrates on highlighting the major phases in the “departmentalization” formula, which imposed itself over time as the political framework that would be used to regulate public life in overseas departments. In its second part, it emphasizes in detail the long historic process which led to the aforementioned violent events. These are analyzed in the third part through a contrastive study of the reference daily – Le Monde, with the nationalistic newspaper – the Journal Guadeloupéen and by analyzing the content. The results of this work are twofold: 1) the phenomenon of political violence is addressed in its theoretical and practical functioning; following an in-depth enquiry, the basic truths are brought to the fore for this troubled period. 2) the contrastive relationship, the lexical and thematic analysis uncovers the “substance” used by the newspapers for establishing their claims.

Ce travail de recherche se base sur l’analyse des quotidiens généralistes sénégalais Le Soleil (1970-2012), Le Sud Quotidien (1984-2012) et Walfadjri (1984-2012). Cette étude vise à décrire la place du sport et des pratiques corporelles dans les journaux sénégalais. En d’autres termes, il s’agit de comprendre comment le sport est représenté, construit et cultivé dans cette presse afin de satisfaire un public très divers, regroupant à la fois des intellectuels et des analphabètes. De quels outils les journalistes des quotidiens disposent-ils dans la valorisation des images et des messages sportifs au Sénégal ? Cette recherche tente de montrer que le sport, véhiculé par les plus grands quotidiens généralistes postcoloniaux, évolue en fonction des régimes politiques qui se sont succédés depuis les indépendances en 1960 sous Senghor, en passant par la présidence d’Abdou Diouf et, enfin, par l’alternance politique de Wade durant les années 2000. En définitive, cette étude entend montrer que les journalistes de ces quotidiens s’approprient, par exemple, la lutte sénégalaise dans une perspective de promotion et de reconnaissance de l’identité et du patrimoine corporel national. Cette pratique culturelle et traditionnelle, appréciée par la population, fait partie d’un éventail d’activités sportives très diverses, qui pourraient révéler finalement le positionnement général, tant politique, social que culturel, d’un Sénégal tiraillé entre modernité et tradition. / This research work is based on the analysis of the Senegalese general dailies Le Soleil (1970-2012), Le Sud Quotidien (1984-2012) and Walfadjri (1984-2012). This study aims to describe the place of sport and bodily practices in Senegalese newspapers. In other words, it is a question of understanding how sport is represented, constructed and cultivated in this press in order to satisfy a very diverse public, gathering both intellectuals and illiterates. What tools do newspaper journalists have at their disposal to promote sports images and messages in Senegal? This research attempts to show that sport, conveyed by the largest post-colonial generalist dailies, evolves according to the political regimes that have followed one another in Senegal: since independence in 1960 under Senghor, through the presidency of Abdou Diouf and, finally, during the political alternation of Wade in the 2000s. Ultimately, this study intends to show that the journalists of these dailies appropriate, for example, the Senegalese wrestling in a perspective of promotion and recognition of the national identity and physical heritage. This cultural and traditional practice, appreciated by the population, is part of a very diverse range of sporting activities, which could finally reveal the general political, social and cultural positioning of a Senegal torn between modernity and tradition.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Cette étude présente une analyse du discours de la presse écrite avant et après la Révolution égyptienne de 2011 dans deux quotidiens nationaux : un journal d’État, Al Ahram et un journal indépendant, Al Dustûr. Le premier chapitre présente les notions théoriques et approches qui sont pertinentes pour cette étude. Tout d’abord, les travaux de Denis Monière (2009), que nous utilisons pour les analyses lexicale et sémantique. Ensuite, le cadre notionnel développé par Teun Adrianus Van Dijk, qui est important pour notre analyse des stratégies discursives et de l’idéologie. Le second chapitre présente un survol de l’histoire de l’Égypte, du développement de la presse écrite dans ce pays au XXe siècle et de l’histoire des deux journaux d’où sont extraits les textes de notre corpus. Le troisième chapitre présente la méthodologie et les résultats de notre analyse du corpus. Le quatrième chapitre présente enfin les principales stratégies discursives utilisées par ces deux journaux et les conclusions de notre étude, par laquelle nous espérons avoir apporté un éclairage à la compréhension des faits qui ont bouleversé l’histoire récente de l’Égypte. / This study presents an analysis of written press discourse before and after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011in two daily papers with a large diffusion : A national paper, Al Ahram, and an independent paper, Al Dustûr. The first chapter presents the theoretical notions and approaches relevant for this study, mainly those of Denis Monière (2009), in which we found the framework for lexical and semantic analyses, and that of Teun Adrianus Van Dijk (2005), in which we found the material to make the analysis of discourse strategies and ideology. The second chapter presents an overview of Egypt history, of the evolution of written press in this country and especially of the two papers from which our texts come from. The third chapter presents the methodology and results of our analyses. Finally, chapter four presents the most important discursive strategies of both papers and the conclusions of this study, by which we hope having brought some insight to the comprehension of the dramatic episode Egypt came across in his recent history.

The Diploma Thesis "Teplitz-Schönauer Anzeiger in the 1920s and 1930s" explores the German-written journal which was published in Teplice-Šanov from 1861 to 1945. Firstly the years 1918 and 1938 are briefly described as they were crucial for history of the first independent Czechoslovak state; conditions for press printing during the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic are also depicted. Subsequently the modern history of the town of Teplice-Šanov is introduced, as well as cultural environment of the place. Last but not least the media landscape which the journal entered in 1861 is described. The main part of the Thesis aims at historical development of both journal and C.Weigend Printing Company from the beginning until its transfer under national control and subsequent end of publication in 1948. Each publisher of the newspaper is introduced: first of all the founder of the journal August Copek. Then the attention is paid to four generations of publishers from Weigend family. A sample of articles from years 1918, 1928 and 1938 serves as a source which shows the structure of the journal. Following reflection of the topic of 28th October (i.e. the Independence Day of the Czechoslovakia) in the newspaper explores a position of Teplitz- Schönauer Anzeiger taken in relation to the establishment...

Cette thèse en anglais de spécialité s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’étude des domaines spécialisés analysés par le prisme du continuum unissant milieu, culture et discours. Notre approche consiste à tenter d’appliquer ce cadre à un objet problématique, celui de la presse écrite de qualité aux États-Unis, représentée par le New York Times et le Washington Post. Dans cette optique, nous nous appuyons sur les trois fonctions d’un domaine spécialisé (opération, régulation et formation) afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques culturelles du domaine conduisent à la production d’un discours spécifique.La première partie présente une réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique sur notre objet de recherche et sur notre discipline. Nous exposons les difficultés à considérer le journalisme comme domaine spécialisé en anglais de spécialité et la réflexion qui nous a conduite à envisager la spécialisation de ce sous-domaine, qui s’appuie en particulier sur certaines théories sociologiques. Nous présentons également la méthodologie adoptée pour l’étude de terrain et pour l’analyse du corpus. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons au cadre de l’entreprise comme premier niveau de spécialisation et nous tentons de déterminer ce qui réunit les deux journaux choisis. Nous analysons ainsi certains aspects de la fonction d’opération. Dans la troisième partie, nous nous concentrons sur l’analyse du milieu ; nous exposons ainsi les fonctions de régulation et de formation telles qu’elles sont mises en œuvre dans le domaine. Enfin, la quatrième partie présente deux aspects du discours qui reflètent les contraintes du milieu : le discours rapporté et la terminologie. / This dissertation in the field of English for Specific Purposes focuses on the study of specialized domains analysed through the milieu-culture-discourse continuum. The approach consists in an attempt to apply that theoretical framework to the problematic domain of the quality written press in the United States, of which the New York Times and the Washington Post represent two examples. The study consists more specifically in testing the three functions of a specialized domain, operation, regulation and training, in order to understand to what extent the cultural features of the domain determine the production of a specific discourse. The first part presents an epistemological and methodological reflection on the research object as well as on the theoretical framework. It begins with a presentation of the specific difficulties encountered in analysing journalism from an ESP perspective. It then focuses on the criteria used to determine the specialization of the milieu, based on sociological theories of the media. It finally presents the methodological framework developed for the field study and as regards discourse analysis. The second part focuses on the two companies, considered as the lowest level of specialization, in an attempt to define the similarities between the two newspapers based on a study of the operation function. The third part presents an analysis of the milieu, through an understanding of the regulation and training functions in the domain. The fourth part studies two aspects of journalistic discourse that reflect the constraints of the milieu, namely reported speech and terminology.