Two images of British India persist in the modern imagination: first, an eighteenth-century world of incipient multiculturalism, of sexual adventure amidst the hazy smoke of hookah pipes; and second, the grandiose imperialism of the Victorian Raj, its vast public buildings and stiff upper lip. No art historian has focused on the intervening decades, however, or considered how the earlier period transitioned into the later. In contrast, Art in India's 'Age of Reform' sets out to develop a distinct historical identity for the decades between the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1858 Government of India Act, arguing that the art produced during this period was implicated in the political process by which the conquests of a trading venture were legislated and 'reformed' to become the colonial possessions of the British Nation. Over two parts, each comprised of two chapters, two overlooked media are connected to 'reforms' that have traditionally been understood as atrophying artistic production in the subcontinent. Part I relates amateur practice to the reform of the Company's civil establishment, using an extensive archive associated with the celebrated amateur Sir Charles D'Oyly (1781-1845) and an art society that he established called the Behar School of Athens (est.1824). It argues that rather than citing the Company's increasing bureaucratisation as the cause of a decline in fine art patronage, it is crucial instead to recognise how amateur practice shaped this bureaucracy's collective identity and ethos. Part II connects the production and consumption of illustrated print culture to the demographic shifts that occurred as a result of the repeal of the Company's monopolistic privileges in 1813 and 1833, focusing specifically on several costume albums published by artists such as John Gantz (1772-1853) and Colesworthy Grant (1813-1880). In doing so, it reveals how print culture provided cultural capital to a transnational middle class developing across the early-Victorian Empire of free trade. Throughout each chapter, the gradual undermining of the East India Company's sovereignty by a centralising British State is framed as a prerequisite to the emergence of the nation-state as the fundamental category of modern social and political organisation. Art in India's 'Age of Reform' therefore seeks not only to uncover the work and biographies of several unstudied artists in nineteenth-century India, but reveals the significance of this overlooked art history to both the development of the modern British State, and the consequent demise of alternative forms of political corporation.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the interplay between the technology, tactics and organisation of the First AIF. Warfare in the twentieth warfare is characterised by the presence of certain technologies that give it a distinctive nature and which first appeared in the Great War. It was in the Great War that the highly dispersed form of tactics that we know today emerged. Thus, it is a natural starting point not only for the examination of warfare in the era of technology but for considering the nature of technological change itself. My Australian perspective enabled issues to be looked at to a depth that would not be possible in a work of this length with a broader view. I have argued that the Great War was characterised by the problem of trench warfare, and I have traced the progress of tactical, technological and organisational developments that ultimately supplied the solutions. I have also shown how the Great War was not only a war of technology in which new technologies were introduced and developed, but also one which saw the spread of new ways of thinking about military technology. In preparing this thesis, I have inspected the actual battlefields in France, Belgium and Turkey. I have drawn on a broad range of published material, but the thesis is largely based upon the primary documents found in the Australian War Memorial and Australian National Archives.

This thesis is an examination of the role of architectural benefaction of the local elite on the urbanization of the Greek cities of Asia Minor in the Roman Imperial period, and its impact on the social status of the benefactor. While providing a theoretical framework for the nature of benefaction in antiquity and the pattern of architectural renewal of the Anatolian cities under the Roman influence, the thesis focuses on a single case study / the Hellenistic City Gate of Perge which was restored by Plancia Magna during the reign of Hadrian. After its renovation, the gate became an indispensible part of the urban activities of Perge and a source of pride for both the city and its donor. Hence, this study constitutes an attempt to investigate the involvement of Plancia Magna&rsquo / s architectural patronage within the Roman urbanization of Perge and also the transformation of the public persona of Plancia Magna in the center of the male-dominated Roman society.

This thesis presents and analyses Chinese, Tibetan, and British sources relating to the British Mission to Tibet of 1904. It balances accounts provided by the British officers and men with modern Chinese sources. It analyses both polarised sides of the history, whilst remaining critical of all sources. British historical accounts analysed in chapter one are balanced with Chinese narratives that present the Mission as an invasion of the Motherland and its unity. Chapter two examines the role of propaganda in modern China, and how different media are used to guide the Tibetan and Chinese populations’ understanding of their history and nation. Chapters three and four provide an original translation of Bod kyi rig gnas lo rgyus dpyad gzhi’i rgyu cha bdams bsgrigs, a textbook written from a Chinese nationalistic perspective. The introductory chapter providing the Chinese narrative of the build-up to the Mission is studied in chapter three, and chapter four analyses the bloody advance into Tibet. The translation and analysis in chapter five of the letters of the Dalai Lama to the King of Nepal, the Tongsa Pönlop, and the Chögyal of Sikkim place the Mission in pan-Himalayan context, and show how the Tibetan Government sought to counter the Mission. It is the first study to provide a historical Tibetan perspective of events. Chapter six analyses the divisive issue of looting during the Mission. It examines the psychology of those who looted Tibet, and the role the items taken play in shaping the image of Tibet in the West. Modern Chinese propaganda sources from the new media are analysed in chapter seven, and demonstrate how they have been used to compliment and propagate the established narrative. The conclusions analyse the impact of the Mission, and the lessons that may be learnt for those that play the ‘New Great Game.’

Στόχος της μετά χείρας εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση του Μίμου της Χαριτίου (εισαγωγή, κείμενο -κριτικό υπόμνημα, μετάφραση, ερμηνευτικό υπόμνημα) και η εστίαση στα προβλήματα που προκύπτουν από την αποσπασματική φύση του κειμένου (αναδιάρθρωση της πλοκής, χαρακτήρες που διαμορφώνουν την δράση, ειδικός σκηνικός apparatus, σκηνοθετική οργάνωση). Η κύρια εστίαση, ωστόσο, στρέφεται στις λογοτεχνικές αξιώσεις του εν λόγω Μίμου και στις αναλογίες που εμφανίζει με αισθητικά καταξιωμένα λογοτεχνικά είδη. / The aim of this essay is to present the Mime "Charition" (Introduction,text-apparatus criticus, translation, commentary) and focus on the problems that occupied the literary research and emerge through the fragmentary nature of the Mime, such as the reformation of the plot, the structure, the apparatus scaenicus.However, the dominant question is the literary claims of ''Charition'' along with references to its lingual merits, its closely related subjects and the analogies it bears with a wide range of literary texts.

L?????tude de l???iconoclasme byzantin, cette crise th??ologique ayant pour cause l???essor du culte associ?? aux images religieuses, a ??t?? un exercice ardu pour les historiens. En effet, les maigres sources disponibles pour cette p??riode sont toutes favorables au culte des images. Bien qu?????crite par un iconodoule convaincu et hostile aux empereurs iconoclastes, la Chronographie de Th??ophane le Confesseur ne m??rite pourtant pas ses ??tiquettes contemporaines de pro-iconophile et d???anti-iconoclaste. Le pr??sent m??moire propose donc de revoir et de nuancer les ??crits de Th??ophane en ce qui a trait au pouvoir imp??rial. Il s???agira de d??montrer que la place des empereurs sur l?????chiquier th??ologique n???a aucune influence sur la repr??sentation du pouvoir, voire et de ceux qui l???exercent, dans la Chronographie. En effet, une analyse rigoureuse des empereurs de la p??riode iconoclaste (717-780) et de la p??riode iconodoule (780-815) prouvera que pour Th??ophane, rien n???est absolu : les iconoclastes ne sont pas d??pourvus de vertu et les iconodoules peuvent agir de fa??on tyrannique. La Chronographie propose ainsi une image complexe du pouvoir imp??rial, qui oblige ?? reconsid??rer les fronti??res entre l??gitimit?? imp??riale et tyrannie. -- The study of Byzantine iconoclasm, a theological crisis caused by the emergence of religious practices centered on divine images, has proven to be a difficult endeavor for historians. Indeed, the few available sources which discuss this period are clearly favorable to this cult of images. Despite having been written by a convinced iconodule who was also hostile to iconoclastic emperors, the Chronicle by Theophanes the Confessor should not be labelled as purely pro-iconophile and anti-iconoclastic. As such, the present thesis will seek to review and relativize the writings of Theophanes with regards to imperial power. This will attempt to demonstrate that in the Chronicle, the place of emperors on the theological playing field has no impact on the representations of power or those who exert it. In fact, a rigorous analysis of emperors from the iconoclastic period (717-780) as well as the iconodule period (780-815) will show that inTheophanes??? mind nothing is absolute: iconoclasts are not devoid of virtue and iconodules can be tyrannical. Hence, the Chronicle presents a complex image of imperial power, one which demands a reconsideration of the boundaries between imperial legitimacy and tyranny.

The First World War and the Australian Imperial Force have generated thousands of books and articles. Many studies adhere to the emphasis of C.E.W. Bean, and recount the history of the infantry or a particular infantry battalion. Others examine both the short term and long-lasting effects of the war on the Australian psyche. Some historians have acknowledged that a particular group of non-fighting combatants has been neglected, but generally, this group has been employed in dangerous and difficult pursuits. Very few historians have studied the roles of non-fighting combatants whose contribution is considered as lacklustre, such as the Australian Field Bakeries. When I began my research, I could not understand why the Australian Field Bakeries did not play any part in the historiography of World War One. An examination of the Anzac legend revealed an emphasis on the characteristics of the Anzac, especially masculinity and heroism. I argue that the bakers’ employment might be considered as being situated within the woman’s sphere and therefore unmasculine, whilst that same employment did not offer the chance for acts of heroism. Because of an emphasis on the exciting exploits of the infantry within Anzac historiography, the Australian Field Bakeries and their role as support troops have been ignored and omitted. Comparing demographic statistics and the war experiences, values and attitudes of the Australian Imperial Force and the bakers, I conclude that the bakers of the Australian Field Bakeries were extraordinarily similar to the men of the Australian Imperial Force. Only those experiences and statistics directly related to the two groups’ specific fields of employment are significantly different. I argue that specialised skills and a perceived lack of masculinity and heroism have seen the men of the Australian Field Bakeries excluded from all existing Anzac historiography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1944. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 635-648).

La Gaule protohistorique est traditionnellement vue comme dénuée d'unité, déchirée par de continuelles guerres entre ses peuples. L'entité gauloise décrite par César serait une création de ce dernier en vue d'objectifs politiques bien romains. Néanmoins, les institutions des peuples gaulois sont vues comme un tout cohérent conforme au modèle éduen. L'étude renouvelée des sources. Du "Bellum Gallicum" en particulier, infirme ces vues héritées des siècles passés. La Gaule est en fait une réalité antérieure au descriptif romain, un espace politique cohérent doté de pratiques politiques communes : des assemblées à différents niveaux, dont une commune à la Gaule, la reconnaissance d'un peuple hégémonique, le recours à des coalitions générales dirigées par un chef de guerre. Ces pratiques bien établies à l’époque de César, fournirent en partie le socle du système administratif romain en Gaule. Ainsi l'entité gauloise fut pérennisée par le culte du Confluent qui ignore la tripartition provinciale et obéit en partie à des critères hérités de l'indépendance. Quant aux institutions des peuples, elles sont ici conçues comme autant d'entités indépendantes, révélant, par-delà des convergences, leur diversité. La conquête romaine n'entraîne pas d’immédiat bouleversement institutionnel et les guerres civiles retardent l'application d'une "forma provinciae". Rome s'appuie alors sur des hommes qu'elle maintient au pouvoir et ce n'est qu’en 16-13 av. J.-C. qu'Auguste réalise le découpage provincial et initie la mutation civique en Gaule ce qui pousse à plus d'homogénéité institutionnelle. Mais la diversité perdure, et le droit latin ne met pas fin non plus aux situations héritées du passé. / Protohostoric Gaul is traditionally seen as devoid of unity, torn apart by continuous wars between its peoples. The Gallic entity described by Caesar would be a creation of his own in view of Roman politics goals. Nonetheless, the institutions of Gallic peoples are seen as a coherent whole obeying to the Aeduan model. The renewed study of the sources, particularly the "Bellum Gallicum", invalidates these views inherited from passed centuries. ln fact, Gaul is a reality that precedes the Roman description. It is a coherent political space with common political practices: assemblies at different levels, among which one for Gaul, the recognition of a hegemonic people, the use of general coalitions headed by a war leader. These practices, well established already during Caesar's time, provided for a part of the basis of the Roman administrative system in Gaul. Thus the Gallic entity is perpetuated though the cult at the Confluent which ignored the provincial tripartition and partially obeyed criteria inherited from the independence. As for the peoples' institutions, they are here considered as many of independent entities therefore revealing their diversity in spite of their convergences. The Roman conquest did not entail an immediate institutional upheaval and civil wars delayed the establishment of a "forma provinciae". Rome then relies on men it maintained to power. It is only in 16-13 BC that Augustus completed the provincial cutting and triggered civic mutation in Gaul which leads to more institutional homogeneity. But diversity endured and the Latin right doesn't put an end to situations inherited from the past either.

Dissertação (mestrado)- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T21:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 252762.pdf: 1793830 bytes, checksum: a35ec89ae06e82f2ade950dd004b5cc8 (MD5) / A industrialização do palmito para produção de conservas contribui para a geração de grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos, dentre eles folhas e bainhas foliares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais dos resíduos do processamento da palmeira-real (bainhas foliares) na elaboração de biscoitos fibrosos sem glúten. A microestrutura das bainhas foliares foi avaliada utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia de fluorescência. Farinha de palmeira-real foi elaborada e avaliada quanto à composição química, açúcares neutros, ácidos urônicos e atividade antioxidante em extratos metanólicos e aquosos pelos métodos 2,2-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) (ABTS) e 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A composição química e propriedades físicas de biscoitos sem glúten contendo diferentes concentrações de farinha de palmeira-real (0-30 %) foram, também, determinadas. Amostras de massas de biscoitos sem glúten foram avaliadas através da análise de perfil de textura e os parâmetros de firmeza, adesividade, consistência, coesividade e elasticidade foram calculados. A preferência sensorial de biscoitos contendo 10, 20 e 30 % de farinha de palmeira-real foi determinada através de um teste ordenação preferência por vinte e um consumidores celíacos. A aceitabilidade global e intenção de consumo in home do biscoito preferido foram avaliadas por uma escala hedônica e de atitude de cinco pontos, respectivamente, por cento e um consumidores celíacos. Um questionário foi utilizado para auxiliar no recrutamento dos consumidores e estabelecer correlações dos dados coletados com os resultados dos testes sensoriais. Foi evidenciada a presença de drusas, depósitos de oxalato de cálcio, nas micrografias eletrônicas de varredura das bainhas foliares, o que corrobora com o teor de cálcio detectado na farinha de palmeira-real. A farinha de palmeira-real apresentou elevado teor de fibras alimentares e minerais, principalmente potássio, cálcio, magnésio e ferro. Os açúcares neutros em maiores proporções foram xilose, glicose e arabinose, indicando a presença de celulose e hemicelulose (arabinoxilanos) na farinha de palmeira-real. Extratos metanólicos apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante, havendo diferença significativa em relação aos extratos aquosos (p = 0,05). A adição de farinha de palmeira-real influenciou as características de textura das massas. Biscoitos contendo as maiores concentrações de farinha de palmeira-real apresentaram maior firmeza e necessitaram de maior força de fratura inicial. Não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre a preferência sensorial dos biscoitos com 10 e 20 % de farinha de palmeira-real. A aceitabilidade global do biscoito contendo 20 % de farinha de palmeira-real foi de 4,50 ± 0,69 e intenção de consumo de 4,30 ± 0,60, o que caracteriza o produto como aceitável. Não foram evidenciadas correlações de preferência e grau de aceitabilidade do biscoito com as características socioeconômicas/demográficas dos consumidores celíacos. Os resultados do teste de aceitabilidade do biscoito sem glúten, por consumidores celíacos, justificariam a utilização da farinha de palmeira-real no desenvolvimento de novos produtos enriquecidos com fibras. The industrialization of the heart of palm for the production of conserves generates a large amount of solid residues, such as leaves and leaf sheathes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the technological, physicochemical and sensory properties of palm's processing residues (leaf sheathes) for the elaboration of gluten-free fibrous cookies. The microstructure of the leaf sheathes was evaluated utilizing scanning electronic microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. King palm flour was elaborated and evaluated for it's chemical composition, neutral sugars, uronic acids and antioxidant activity in methanol and aqueous extracts by 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) methods. The chemical composition and physical properties of gluten-free cookies containing different concentrations of king palm flour (0 - 30%) were also determined. Dough samples of gluten-free cookies were evaluated through texture profile analysis (TPA) and the firmness, adhesiveness, consistency, cohesiveness and springiness were calculated. The sensory preference of cookies containing 10, 20 and 30% of king palm flour was determined through a preference ranking test by twenty one celiac consumers. The overall acceptability and consumption intent in home for the preferred cookie were evaluated through hedonic and attitude scales of five points, respectively, by one hundred and one celiac consumers. A questionnaire was utilized to help in the recruitment of celiac consumers and to establish correlations between gathered data and sensory tests results. It was evident the presence of druses, calcium oxalate deposits, in the scanning electronic micrographs of leaf sheathes, which correlates with the calcium content detected in king palm flour. The king palm flour presented high content of dietary fiber and minerals, mainly potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. The neutral sugars in higher proportions were xylose, glucose and arabinose, indicating the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose (arabinoxylans) in king palm flour. Metanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity, showing significant differences in relation to aqueous extracts (p = 0.05). The addition of king palm flour influenced the texture characteristics of dough samples. Cookies containing higher concentrations of king palm flour presented more firmness and needed greater initial fracture force. There was not significant differences (p > 0.05) between the sensory preference of cookies containing 10 and 20% of king palm flour. The overall acceptability of cookie containing 20% of king palm flour was 4.50 ± 0.69 and consumption intention of 4.30 ± 0.60, which characterized the product as acceptable. Correlations were not evident between preference and acceptability degree of the cookie and socioeconomic/demographic characteristics of celiac consumers. The results of the acceptability test of gluten-free cookie by celiac consumers justify the utilization of king palm flour for the development of new products enriched with fibers.