Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-08T13:48:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiane Raquel Motter_.pdf: 88399023 bytes, checksum: 3b609e9bf1fb7252cd2973a8db6869be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiane Raquel Motter_.pdf: 88399023 bytes, checksum: 3b609e9bf1fb7252cd2973a8db6869be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O uso de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados (MPIs) em idosos pode comprometer a efetividade ou a segurança da farmacoterapia e têm se destacado como importante desafio para saúde pública, visto que está associado a elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Pesquisas nacionais que investigaram esse tema revelam que as prevalências de uso de MPIs variam de 28,0% a 82,6%; contudo, esses estudos utilizaram listas de MPIs validadas na América do Norte e Europa, uma vez que o primeiro consenso brasileiro sobre MPIs foi publicado somente no final de 2016. Segundo os autores, a lista desenvolvida apresenta algumas lacunas no conhecimento, uma vez que foi baseada em critérios publicados até 2012 e, portanto, não inclui as versões mais atualizadas publicadas em 2015, bem como não incorpora possíveis alternativas terapêuticas para os medicamentos que compõem a lista. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer critérios explícitos para avaliação de MPIs prescritos aos idosos no Brasil e suas respetivas alternativas terapêuticas. O projeto englobou duas etapas complementares: 1- Elaboração da lista de critérios explícitos para avaliação de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos a partir de revisão sistemática já realizada; 2- Validação da proposta por consenso de especialistas utilizando técnica Delphi; A primeira etapa, elaboração da lista preliminar de MPIs, foi baseada em um estudo de revisão sistemática das listas publicadas entre janeiro/1991 e abril/2017.Realizou-se também uma análise qualitativa das listas com o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade destas ao mercado brasileiro em termos de disponibilidade e frequência de prescrição. Dessa forma, selecionaram-se três listas de MPIs: Beers 2015, STOPP 2015, European Union (7) PIM list. Ao final desse processo, obteve-se 153 critérios distribuídos em sete instrumentos: Dor e Inflamação, Sistema Cardiovascular, Sistema Endócrino, Geniturinário, Sistema Respiratório, Sistema Nervoso Central, sendo os dois primeiros já validados por meio da técnica Delphi modificada. Considerou-se validados os itens para os quais o limite inferior do IC 95% foi superior ou igual a 4,0. O consenso sobre MPIs - Dor e inflamação foi constituído duas rodadas. Um grupo de nove especialistas atingiu consenso sobre 98 (63,2%) das 155 questões apresentadas: 31/34 preocupações independente do diagnóstico, 4/4 preocupações quanto à dose, 4/4 preocupações quanto a duração do tratamento, 19/20 preocupações quanto ao uso em condições específicas, 12/23 considerações especiais de uso e 28/68 alternativas terapêuticas. No consenso sobre MPIs -Sistema Cardiovascular, um grupo de sete especialista atingiu consenso sobre 84 das 257 questões apresentadas: 20/25 preocupações independente do diagnóstico, 4/4 preocupações quanto à dose, 37/57 preocupações quanto ao uso em condições específicas, 20/105 considerações especiais de uso e 3/66 alternativas terapêuticas. Embora a validação de listas de MPIs a partir da opinião de especialistas seja um processo complexo, a listas desenvolvidas poderão ampliar o conhecimento sobre MPIs no país, uma vez que são baseadas em consensos recentes. Desse modo, esta pesquisa possibilitará um melhor entendimento da magnitude do uso de MPIs no Brasil, e poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias e intervenções mais eficazes para a redução dos problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos em idosos no país. / The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for older patients is a public health problem because it can compromise the effectiveness or safety of pharmacotherapy and is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in this age group. Brazilian studies that investigated PIMs show that the prevalence of PIM use ranges from 28.0% to 82.6%. However, these studies used PIM lists developed in other countries in North America and Europe. The first Brazilian consensus on PIMs was published in 2016. Limitations reported by the authors included that the PIM list was based on previous versions of Beers (2012) and STOPP (2008), therefore, it did not include the most up-to-date versions published in 2015, and did not incorporate therapeutic alternatives. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate explicit criteria for the evaluation of PIMs prescribed to older patients in Brazil and their respective therapeutic alternatives. The development of this project comprises of two steps: 1- Elaboration of the preliminary PIM list for older patients based on a systematic literature review; 2 - Validation of the preliminary PIM list with the consensus of experts using modified Delphi technique; The elaboration of the preliminary list of MPIs was based on a systematic review of PIM lists published between January 1991 and April 2017. A qualitative analysis of the PIM lists was performed with the objective of verifying their applicability to the Brazilian market. This way, three lists of PIMs were selected: Beers’ 2015, STOPP 2015, and European Union (7) PIM. Thus, we obtained 153 explicit criteria distributed across seven instruments: PIMs–Pain and Inflammation, PIMs–Cardiovascular System, PIMs–Endocrine System, PIMs–Genitourinary, PIMs–Respiratory System, and PIMs–Central Nervous System. The first two were already validated using the modified Delphi technique. The items for which the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) was greater than or equal to 4.0 were considered to have been validated. The consensus on PIMs–Pain and Inflammation was formed by two rounds. A group of nine experts reached consensus on 98 (63.2%) of the 155 items. A consensus was reached for 31/34 concerns regardless of diagnosis, 4/4 dose concerns, 4/4 concerns about the duration of treatment, 19/20 concerns about use under specific conditions, 12/23 special considerations of use, and 28/68 therapeutic alternatives. In the consensus on PIMs–Cardiovascular System, a group of seven experts reached consensus on 84 of the 257 questions. A consensus was reached for 20/25 concerns independent of diagnosis, 4/4 concerns regarding dose, 37/57 concerns regarding use under specific conditions, 20/105 special considerations of use and 3/66 therapeutic alternatives. Although the development and validation of PIM lists based on expert opinion is a long and complex process, the development of PIM list based on recent consensuses will expand the knowledge about the PIMs in Brazil. Thus, this research will improve the understanding of the magnitude of PIM use in this country, and may contribute to the development of more effective strategies and interventions to reduce drug-related problems among older Brazilian patients.

Background: Drugs are one of the cornerstones in the management of many diseases. In general, drugs are used for diagnosis, prevention, mitigation of symptoms, and, sometimes, to cure disease. However, drug treatment in elderly people, especially those with dementia and cognitive impairments, may involve significant risk of adverse drug events.  The aim of this thesis was to identify the extent of potentially inappropriate drug treatment among people with dementia and cognitive impairment and to assess the occurrence and character of drug-related problems that lead to acute hospital admissions. Another aim was to assess the potential impact of a comprehensive medication review conducted by clinical pharmacists as part of a health care team on quality of patients’ drug therapy and drug-related hospital readmission rates. Method: Long-term use of antipsychotic/psychotropic drugs and associated factors were investigated among 344 and 278 people respectively with dementia living in specialized care units. Trends in the prescribing of potentially inappropriate drugs between 2007 and 2013, comprising 2772 and 1902 people, living in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, were assessed using six national quality indicators. Data on drug use, function in the activities of daily living, cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms were collected using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale. Further, an investigation of a separate corresponding population from 2012 was done, where potentially inappropriate drug use was measured before and after a total of 895 medication reviews. Finally, a randomized, controlled trial was carried out among people 65 years or older with dementia or cognitive impairment in internal medicine and orthopedic wards at two hospitals in northern Sweden. The proportion of hospital admissions that were drug-related were estimated, and also whether comprehensive medication reviews conducted by clinical pharmacists as part of a health care team could affect the risk of drug-related hospital readmissions. Results: Antipsychotic and other psychotropic drugs were frequently prescribed to people with dementia living in specialized care units for prolonged periods. Associations were found between behavioral and psychological symptoms and different psychotropic drugs. The extent of potentially inappropriate drug use declined between 2007 and 2013. In the separate corresponding population from 2012, the frequency of potentially inappropriate drug use was significantly reduced among people who underwent medication reviews. Hospitalizations due to drug-related problems among old people with dementia or cognitive impairment were prevalent. We found that inclusion of a clinical pharmacist in the health care team significantly reduced the risk of drug-related 30-day and 180-day readmissions. However, in a subset of patients with concomitant heart failure no effect was seen. Conclusion: Among patients with dementia or cognitive impairment long-term treatment with antipsychotic and other psychotropic drugs is common. The results indicate that these drugs are prescribed to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms among cognitively impaired individuals, despite limited evidence of their efficacy and the high risk of adverse effects. Drug-related problems, such as adverse drug reactions, constituted a major cause of hospital admissions. By reducing potentially inappropriate drug use and optimizing overall drug therapy, inclusion of clinical pharmacists in a health care team might improve the quality of patient care and reduce the risk of hospital readmissions among people with dementia.

Identifying factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) could help to identify those at risk and reduce the incidence of this emergency situation which has detrimental effect on mortality and morbidity in patients with ICD. These studies were designed to find the prevalence and factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with ICD.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena Fleury de Moura.pdf: 587825 bytes, checksum: 06a814244b9090274cd3c55bca64ca6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / The present study aimed functionally analyzes a person s verbal behavior, who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic undergoing treatment in specialized treatment. The participant was a female, 43 years old, born in the state of Goiás, low socioeconomic status, had a diagnosis of schizophrenia paranoid type (F20.0) and with history of hospitalization in several institutions. In order to control procedures was used the design of multiple conditions with three main conditions: attention condition (A), alone condition (S) and control condition (C). The condition (A) was manipulated in six sub conditions: (A1) attention, approval sign, (A2) attention, participant s name with comment, (A3) attention, failure sign; (A4) attention, comment, (A5) attention, eye contact, (A6) noncontinget attention; in the condition (S) the participant remained in the room in the absence of the researcher and condition (C), which the participant remained in the room made up reinforces in the presence of the researcher, who was pretending to whrite on a sheet of paper. The results showed that attention manipulated in different social conditions exerted control over the participant's inappropriate verbal behavior. They also showed that the condition (A) had the higher frequency of inappropriate speech. A functional analysis of participant s verbal behavior was made in each condition. / O presente estudo objetivou analisar funcionalmente o comportamento verbal de uma pessoa diagnosticada como esquizofrênica que se encontrava internada em uma clínica para tratamento especializado. A participante, do sexo feminino, 43 anos de idade, natural do estado de Goiás, nível socioeconômico baixo, possuía o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia do tipo paranóide (F20.0) e com histórico de internação em várias instituições. Para o controle dos procedimentos foi empregado o delineamento experimental de múltiplas condições com três condições principais: condição atenção (A), condição sozinha (S) e condição controle (C). A condição (A) foi manipulada em seis subcondições: (A1) atenção, sinal de aprovação; (A2) atenção, nome da participante com comentário; (A3) atenção, sinal de reprovação; (A4) atenção, comentário; (A5) atenção, contato visual; (A6) atenção não contingente; na condição (S) a participante permaneceu na sala na ausência da pesquisadora e a condição (C) a participante permaneceu na sala composta por reforçadores, na presença da pesquisadora, que escrevia em uma folha de papel. Os resultados demonstraram que a atenção social manipulada nas diferentes condições exerceu controle sobre o comportamento verbal inapropriado da participante. Demonstraram, ainda, que na condição (A) houve maior frequência de falas inapropriadas. Foi realizada análise funcional do comportamento verbal da participante em cada condição.

Les sujets résidant dans les établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) sont fréquemment exposés à une polypathologie et sont polymédiqués, ce qui augmente le risque de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriées (PPI) et ainsi le risque d'événements iatrogènes tels que le décès et l'hospitalisation. La plupart des études réalisées en France sur la PPI se sont focalisées sur des classes médicamenteuses précises, et peu ont évalué l'impact des caractéristiques structurelles et organisationnelles des EHPAD sur la PPI des résidents, indépendamment des caractéristiques individuelles. Cette thèse a eu pour objectif de développer un nouvel indicateur de PPI, reflétant au mieux la prise en charge médicamenteuse globale des résidents d'EHPAD. Les travaux de thèse ont été réalisés sur un échantillon issu de l'étude IQUARE (Impact d'une démarche QUAlité sur l'évolution des pratiques et le déclin fonctionnel des REsidents), étude quasi expérimentale (NCT01703689) évaluant l'impact d'une intervention basée sur l'éducation gériatrique du personnel de l'EHPAD sur des indicateurs de qualité des soins. Dans un premier temps, nous avons construit un outil original de détection de PPI, combinant des critères explicites et implicites, identifiant 71% des résidents avec une PPI à l'inclusion. Des caractéristiques organisationnelle (accès à un avis psychiatrique) et structurelle (présence d'une unité de soins spécialisée) de l'EHPAD expliquaient une part de cette PPI. Dans un second temps, afin de valider la pertinence de cet outil, nous avons évalué l'impact clinique de la PPI sur la survenue d'événements indésirables au cours du suivi. Nous n'avons pas retrouvé de risque augmenté de décès ou d'hospitalisation. Enfin, l'intervention gériatrique générale de l'étude IQUARE a significativement réduit la PPI des résidents à 18 mois. Ces travaux ont fourni des éléments importants à prendre en considération, lors de la construction de nouvelles études visant à modifier les pratiques de prescription et à réduire le nombre de médicaments prescrits chez les résidents d'EHPAD, mais aussi pour déterminer l'impact clinique de ces changements. / Older people living in nursing homes (NHs) suffer from numerous comorbidities and functional decline. Polymedication is frequent in this population. This increases the risk of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing (PIDP), which can lead to adverse drug events such as falls and hospitalization. Most French studies did not examine PPI with a global perspective, but focused on specific drug classes. Moreover, few studies have investigated, irrespective of the individual characteristics of residents, the structural and organizational characteristics of nursing homes on the quality of drug prescribing. Thesis work aimed to develop a new indicator of PIDP, which best reflects the global medication use of residents. Thesis works have been performed using the data of the IQUARE study (Impact d'une démarche Qualité sur l'évolution des pratiques et le déclin fonctionnel des REsidents), a quasi-experimental study (trial registration number: NCT01703689) investigating the impact of an intervention based on geriatric education with NH staff on quality indicators of care. First, we developed an indicator of PIDP, combining explicit and implicit criteria, identifying 71% of PIDP in NH residents at baseline. NH organizational (access to psychiatric advice and/or to hospitalization in a psychiatric unit) and structural (presence of a special care unit for dements) variables explained part of PIDP. In a second part, in order to validate the usefulness of this PIDP detection tool, we verified the long-term clinical impact of PIDP on adverse outcomes (death, number of hospitalizations...). We did not find any significant association between PIDP and death, nor between PIDP and number of hospitalizations. Finally, the general intervention implemented in the IQUARE study significantly reduced PIDP among NH residents at 18-month follow-up. Our research has provided important aspects that should be consider when constructing further new studies seeking to change prescribing patterns and to reduce the total number of drugs taken, but also to determine the final impact of these changes on clinical outcomes.

Title: Law of Marketing – A Descriptive Study of Marketing in Sweden and Italy with focal point on TV-commercials (Marknadsföringsrätt – En deskriptiv studie av marknadsföring I Sverig och Italien med inriktning på TV-reklam)   Number of pages: 34   Author: Astrid Lidman   Tutor: Göran Svensson   Course: Media and Communication C   Period: Fall -09   University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University   Purpose/Aim: My goal with this study is to see the differences and similarities that can be found in the Swedish and Italian Law of Marketing. I want to compare the results to see how our different laws are still able to reach the same results concerning the protecting of our public from bad advertisement.   Material/Methods: I’ve been reading laws concerning marketing. I started out my research from different commissions from EU. Then I found the equivalent laws to those commissions in both Sweden and Italy I was able to see how the two different states apply the commissions to their legal system. By doing so I also got a starting-point by getting the most important laws in both the Swedish and Italian legal system concerning marketing and commercials on TV.   Main results: Since both Sweden and Italy apply the commissions from EU to their legal system, the differences were only superficial. Due to the commissions the base, of what is consider as bad marketing, was virtually the same. And when looking at the big picture they both achieved almost the same protection to their public that I think can be considered reaching high standards. The differences lay in the protection of commercials on TV towards children, and that Sweden has a little bit more regulation during the discussions about the protection concerning sexual discrimination.   Keywords: Laws of Marketing, TV-commercials, prohibition of children’s commercials, inappropriate business methods, misleading advertisement, commissions, EU.

Introduction During the last decades, proportion of geriatric patients in the world population increases. This phenonemon is caused particularly by advances in medical science, social care and working conditions. However, the problem still lies in a very frequent polypharmacotherapy and polymorbidity in older patients. With the aim to reduce the frequent adverse drug events in seniors, the explicite criteria of PIMs (potentially inappropriate medications) have been created. The aim of this work was to determine the registration rates of PIMs in several Eastern and Central European countries using all until now published 22 explicit criteria of potentially inappropriate medications in older patients that are available in published scientific literature. Methods A set of 345 PIMs gained from all explicit criteria published in peer- reviewed or impact factor journals by 2015 year and summarized in diploma thesis of S . Grešákové, MSc (defended in June 2016) was used in this work. Every drug has been included in the list only once, disregarding the other conditions of inappropriateness (e.g. drug-disease interactions, dosing schedules, etc.). The exception were PIMs available in non-sustained and sustained-release forms, because each of this drug form can be identified under a specific ATC code....

Submitted by Nuzia Santos (nuzia@cpqrr.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-17T11:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SC_MarianaMartinsGonzagadoNascimento.pdf: 218266 bytes, checksum: 09bb50de7e46f75bfeee14bd0625a861 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos (nuzia@cpqrr.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-18T13:10:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SC_MarianaMartinsGonzagadoNascimento.pdf: 218266 bytes, checksum: 09bb50de7e46f75bfeee14bd0625a861 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T13:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SC_MarianaMartinsGonzagadoNascimento.pdf: 218266 bytes, checksum: 09bb50de7e46f75bfeee14bd0625a861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. / O uso de medicamentos potencialmente inadequados (MPI) para idosos pode estar associado a mais riscos que benefícios e sua utilização tem sido documentada internacionalmente. Nesta perspectiva, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1) numa abordagem transversal, estimar a prevalência de utilização de MPI entre idosos residentes na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), Minas Gerais, e os fatores associados a essa prática; (2) longitudinalmente, investigar se o uso de MPI constitui fator de risco independente para a mortalidade entre idosos residentes em comunidade. A abordagem transversal foi baseada nos dados coletados junto a uma amostra representativa da população idosa com 60 anos ou mais residentes na RMBH (n=1.158); no cumprimento do segundo objetivo, utilizou-se os dados coletados junto à coorte idosa do Projeto Bambuí (n=1.586), composta em 1997 e acompanhada, anualmente, até 2011. Para definição do uso de MPI, variável dependente no estudo transversal e exposição de interesse no estudo longitudinal, utilizou-se o critério de Beers 2012. Variáveis sociodemográficas, de condições de saúde, de utilização de serviços de saúde e número de medicamentos foram utilizadas em caráter exploratório no estudo dos fatores associados ao uso de MPI (etapa transversal) e como variáveis de ajuste na investigação da associação entre uso de MPI e mortalidade (vertente longitudinal). A análise da prevalência e dos fatores associados ao uso de MPI foi baseada no modelo de regressão de Poisson; a investigação da associação do uso de MPI e mortalidade foi realizada por meio do modelo dos riscos proporcionais de Cox, adotando-se em ambos os casos, o nível de significância estatística de 5%. Na RMBH, a prevalência do uso de MPI foi de 43,3%. O sexo feminino, o número de doenças crônicas e a polifarmácia apresentaram-se positiva e independentemente associadas ao uso de MPI, sendo a última a variável mais fortemente associada. Em Bambuí, o uso de MPI mostrou-se como fator de risco para mortalidade entre os idosos da coorte. Nossos resultados apontam para a necessidade da seleção de alternativas terapêuticas mais seguras para idosos. / Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for the elderly can be associated with greater risks than benefits and its use has been reported internationally. Having this into consideration, the objectives of this study were: (1) in a cross-sectional study, to estimate the prevalence of PIMs use among elderly residents of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), Minas Gerais, and the associated factors; (2) in a longitudinal study, to investigate if the PIM use constitutes a risk factor for mortality among community dwelling elderly. The cross-sectional approach was based on data from a representative sample of the elderly population (60 years or older) living in the MRBH (n=1.158). To fulfill the second objective, data from Bambuí elderly cohort (composed in 1997 and followed annually until 2011) study was used. Beers criteria (2012) were used to define PIM use, which was the dependent variable in the crosssectional study and exposition factor in the longitudinal study. Socio-demographic variables, health status, healthcare services use and number of medications were used as exploratory variables in the study involving associated factors (crosssectional study), and as adjustment variables in the investigation of association between PIM use and mortality (longitudinal study). Prevalence analysis and associated factors were performed using Poisson regression model. To investigate the association between PIMs use and mortality, Cox proportional hazards model was used. A 0.05 significance level was adopted for all analyzes. The prevalence of PIM use was 43.3% in the MRBH. Female gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy were positively and independently associated with PIM use, the latter having been the most strongly associated factor. In Bambuí, PIM use was identified as a risk factor for mortality among the elderly in the cohort. These results indicate the need for selection of safer therapeutic alternatives for elderly patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thalyta Renata Araujo Santos.pdf: 792912 bytes, checksum: 67d105d6aad2c80ad2b6ca4a9fd13fca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Introduction: The fact of elderly people live in a greater amount with chronic diseases, make the elderly a great consumer of health services and, probably, the most medicated group in the society. In this context serious problems arise, such as the use of multiple medications simultaneously (polypharmacy) that can lead to serious consequences to the elderly health. Another problem is the self-medication, which may exacerbate the associated risks with prescript drugs, delaying a diagnosis and masking a disease. There is, still, the use of drugs considered inappropriate for elderly, either by reducing the therapeutic efficacy or an increased risk of adverse effects that increase the advantages in elderly usage. Objective: Analyzing the pattern of use of medications in aged people in the city of Goiânia-GO, and associate it with socioeconomic aspects and with the self-rated health. Methods: A population-based study and cross-section, that evaluated the health of elderly in the city of Goiânia-GO. The data collection was carried out in December/2009 to April/2010 from 934 elderly. The questionnaire had questions about medications, in addition to information about self-rated health and socioeconomic profile. The drugs groups were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical and Classification-ATC. The inappropriate drugs for elderly were identified according to Beers Criteria. Used Mann Whitney (U) and Chi-square test, it was considered significant p<0.05. Results: Among 934 elderly participants of the survey, 783 (83.8%) had answered completely to the questionnaire. These 738 elderly used 2846 drugs (3.63 drugs/elderly). Women consumed more medication than men (3.94 and 3.06 respectively, p <0.001). The most frequently consumed drugs act on the cardiovascular system (38.6%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 26.4% and 35.7% of the elderly told to practise self-medication. The drugs most commonly used by self-medication were the painkillers (30.8%). According to Beers-Fick Criteria, 24.6% of the elderly used inappropriate drugs, 90.2% of these drugs came from a current prescription. The inappropriate drugs more consumed were benzodiazepines (34.2%). Women, widows, elderly with 80 years or more and those who had a worse self-rated health practiced more polypharmacy (p<0.05). Elderly people with lower education and with worse self-rated health practiced more self-medication (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the pattern of drug use by elderly of Goiânia was similar to that found in elderly people from other regions of Brazil. Since the number of drugs used, the prevalence of polypharmacy and self-medication practices and the use of inappropriate drugs were within the national average. Women, widows, aged 80 years or more and those who consider their health as poor more often practiced polypharmacy, the largest self-medication was associated with a lower education and poorer self-rated health. / Introdução: A maior convivência com doenças crônicas faz dos idosos grandes usuários de serviços de saúde e possivelmente o grupo mais medicalizado da sociedade. Nesse contexto surgem sérios problemas, como o uso de vários medicamentos concomitantemente (polifarmácia) que pode levar a sérias consequencias à saúde do idoso. Pode ser citada também a prática da automedicação, que pode acentuar os riscos relacionados aos medicamentos prescritos, retardar um diagnóstico e mascarar uma doença. Além disso, têm-se o uso de medicamentos considerados impróprios para o idoso, seja por redução da eficácia terapêutica ou por um risco aumentado de efeitos adversos que superam seus benefícios. Objetivo: Analisar o padrão do uso de medicamentos em idosos no município de Goiânia, Goiás e associá-lo com aspectos socioeconômicos e com a autopercepção de saúde. Métodos: Estudo de base populacional e delineamento transversal, que avaliou o uso de medicamentos em idosos no município de Goiânia-GO. Foram coletados dados de 934 idosos no período entre dezembro/2009 e abril/2010. No questionário aplicado havia questões sobre medicamentos, além de informações sobre autopercepção de saúde e o perfil socioeconômico. Os medicamentos usados pelos idosos foram classificados segundo o Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification-ATC. Os medicamentos impróprios para idosos foram identificados segundo Critério de Beers-Fick. Utilizou-se Teste de Mann Whitney (U) e Qui-quadrado, considerando significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Dos 934 idosos participantes do inquérito, 783 (83,8%) responderam completamente ao questionário. Esses 783 idosos usavam 2.846 medicamentos (3,63 medicamentos/idoso). As mulheres usavam mais medicamentos que os homens (3,94 e 3,06 respectivamente, p<0,001). Os medicamentos mais usados atuam no aparelho cardiovascular (38,6%). A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 26,4% e 35,7% dos idosos relatou praticar automedicação. Os medicamentos mais usados por automedicação foram os analgésicos (30,8%). Segundo os critérios de Beers-Fick, 24,6% dos idosos usava pelo menos um medicamento considerado impróprio, 90,2% desses medicamentos era proveniente de uma receita médica atual. Os medicamentos impróprios mais usados foram os benzodiazepínicos (34,2%). Mulheres, viúvos, idosos com 80 anos ou mais e os que apresentaram pior autopercepção de saúde praticavam mais a polifarmácia (p<0,05). Idosos com menor escolaridade e com pior autopercepção de saúde praticavam mais a automedicação (p<0,05). Conclusões: Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que o padrão do uso de medicamentos por idosos goianieneses foi semelhante ao encontrado em idosos de outras regiões do Brasil. Visto que o número de medicamentos usados, a prevalência das práticas da polifarmácia e automedicação e o uso de medicamentos impróprios estiveram dentro da média nacional. Mulheres, viúvos, idosos com 80 anos ou mais e aqueles que consideram sua saúde como ruim praticavam com maior frequência a polifarmácia; a maior prática da automedicação esteve associada com uma menor escolaridade e uma pior autopercepção de saúde.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T14:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilahortanovaes.pdf: 3164371 bytes, checksum: 649bbf704c9d12a57ebe80d3ab2d118e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:29:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilahortanovaes.pdf: 3164371 bytes, checksum: 649bbf704c9d12a57ebe80d3ab2d118e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilahortanovaes.pdf: 3164371 bytes, checksum: 649bbf704c9d12a57ebe80d3ab2d118e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Medicamentos são considerados potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) em idosos quando não possuem uma indicação baseada em evidências, quando aumentam o risco de reações adversas em comparação aos pacientes mais jovens ou quando não são custo-efetivos. Para facilitar a identificação desses medicamentos na prática clínica, várias listas de MPIs foram publicadas nas duas últimas décadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar os critérios para avaliação de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados de Beers, STOPP, EU (7) – PIM e Taiwan quanto a sua aplicabilidade e quanto à capacidade de identificar eventos adversos (como prejuízo de cognição, quedas e internações) em pacientes idosos, assim como identificar fatores associados a MPI, interação medicamentosa e polifarmácia. Estudo epidemiológico transversal por meio de inquérito domiciliar no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário composto por onze sessões que, dentre outros aspectos, abordou o uso de medicamentos por idosos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise mediante especificidade e sensibilidade de cada critério, qui-quadrado, teste t, ANOVA, modelos de regressão e correlação intra - classe entre os critérios. Do total, 368 (92%) idosos faziam uso de pelo menos um medicamento de uso contínuo. Houve alta prevalência de polifarmácia, de interação medicamentosa e de MPIs, sendo que 149 (40.4%) idosos possuíam os três critérios de iatrogenia (polifarmácia, MPIs e interações medicamentosas) de forma simultânea. Foi encontrada uma alta prevalência de MPIs por Beers (50,0%), STOPP (46,2%), Eu (7)-PIM (59,5%) e pelos critérios de Taiwan (31,3%). Houve uma alta concordância entre os critérios de MPIs (de 66,3% para 81,8%), com uma moderada a alta correlação intra - classe entre os critérios (0,607-0,851). Em geral, o critério de Taiwan teve níveis mais baixos de sensibilidade (25,7-34,0%) e os níveis mais elevados de especificidade (67.8 - 70,3%), enquanto o EU (7) - PIM teve níveis mais elevados de sensibilidade (60 - 75,3%) e níveis mais baixos de especificidade (41,1 - 46,9%) e Beers e STOPP tiveram uma relação mais equilibrada entre sensibilidade e especificidade (sensibilidade: STOPP 50,7 - 55,3% e Beers 53,0% - 56,9%; especificidade: STOPP: 56 - 56,6 % e Beers: 51,6 - 53,8%). Foi encontrada uma alta prevalência de iatrogenia nos idosos avaliados. O presente estudo mostrou que existe um consenso entre os critérios avaliados, no entanto cada um exibiu características particulares. Estes resultados podem servir para orientar novas estratégias preventivas e educativas para os profissionais de saúde / Drugs are considered potentially inappropriate (PIM) for older people when they have an evidence-based statement, when they increase the risk of adverse reactions compared to younger or are not cost - effective patients. To facilitate the identification of these drugs in clinical practice, several lists of PIM have been published in the last two decades. This study aims to compare the criteria for evaluation of potentially inappropriate medication Beers, STOPP, EU(7)-PIM and Taiwan as its applicability and how the ability to identify adverse events (such as loss of cognition, falls and hospitalizations) in elderly patients, as well as identify factors associated with PIM, drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study in community-dwelling adults was conducted by door-to-door survey in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Data were collected from a questionnaire composed of eleven sessions, among other things, addressed the use of drugs for the elderly. The data were submitted to the analysis of specificity and sensitivity of each criterion, chisquare, t-test, ANOVA, regression models and intraclass correlation between the criteria. From the total, 368 (92%) older adults were in continuous use of at least one drug. There was a high prevalence of polypharmacy, drug-drug interaction and PIMs, revealing that 149 (40.4%) of the older adults had all three iatrogenic criteria (polypharmacy, PIM and drug-drug interactions) concomitantly. A high prevalence of PIMs by Beers (50.0%), STOPP (46.2%), Eu(7)-PIM (59.5%) and Taiwan (31.3%) criteria was found. There was a high concordance between PIM criteria (from 66.3% to 81.8%) with a moderate to high intra-class correlation between criteria (0.607 to 0.851). In general, Taiwan criterion had lower levels of sensitivity (25.7-34.0%) and higher levels of specificity (67.8- 70.3%), EU(7)-PIM had higher levels of sensitivity (60-75.3%) and lower levels of specificity (41.1-46.9%) and Beers and STOPP had a more balanced sensitivity/specificity ratio (sensitivity: STOPP 50.7-55.3% and Beers 53.0%-56.9%; specificity: STOPP: 56-56.6% and Beers: 51.6-53.8%). A high prevalence of drug iatrogenic effects was found in the older adults assessed. This study showed that there is a consensus between the evaluated criteria, however each exhibited particular characteristics. These results can serve to inform new preventive and educational strategies for health professionals.