[pt] Esta dissertação aborda a aplicação da legislação às instalações de radioterapia visando à proteção no ambiente ocupacional. O estudo de caso foi realizado no INCA, na unidade HC 1, um hospital público vinculado ao SUS, situado no Rio de Janeiro. Ao menos 52% dos casos de câncer são tratados através de técnicas medicinais que envolvem a radiação ionizante. Estas técnicas são aplicadas através dos equipamentos de telecobaltoterapia, aceleradores lineares de partículas ou ainda, através de aplicações de radiofármacos diretamente nos pacientes. A radiação possui particularidades físicas que, apesar de suas vantagens como tratamentos, em doses elevadas, são nocivas e podem causar sérios danos ao organismo. A radiação ionizante recebida é cumulativa e, ao longo do tempo, os danos eventualmente provocados são severos. Durante os tratamentos na radioterapia é imprescindível manter condições seguras quanto às blindagens, inclusão de equipamentos de proteção, treinamentos e supervisão constante para que os profissionais que atuam nestas áreas não sofram exposição excessiva. Ao longo das últimas décadas foram elaboradas legislações e normas de segurança que visam proteger a saúde dos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos que operam diretamente com a radioatividade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar as principais legislações relacionadas à saúde e segurança no meio ambiente ocupacional que visam à radioproteção para os IOE no setor de radioterapia do INCA. Verificou-se que as medidas de segurança adotadas pela Instituição são as previstas na legislação tornando possível manter o atendimento aos pacientes e garantira segurança dos profissionais envolvidos, dos usuários e do meio ambiente de modo geral. / [en] The study addresses at relevant laws that guide and regulate the use of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy services inside a public hospital (INCA - National Cancer Institute, HC 1), situated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radioactivity is a phenomenon of natural origin easily found in the environment or artificially generated. It has beneficial applications being applied in agriculture, energy production, industry and medicine in health treatments. It brings harmful effects when used inappropriately, as it has physical peculiarities that, despite of advantages, in high-level doses can cause severe damage to the body (PERUZZO, 2012). During radiotherapy treatments, it is essential to maintain safe shielding conditions, including protective equipment and constant supervision so that professionals working in these areas do not suffer excessive exposure. Radiotherapy assists in the treatment of diseases using diagnostic and therapy techniques employing radioactive substances such as Cesium, Cobalt, Iodine, Technetium among others. These substances are present in radiopharmaceuticals, applied directly to patients through brachytherapy techniques or into the capsules installed in the pieces of equipment used in teletherapy. Currently, regulation of activities involving radioprotection and nuclear safety in Brazil is under the responsibility of the CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission), an autarchy of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations. It is a government agency responsible for licensing and controlling all practices involving ionizing radiation.

Under utbildningsprogrammets gång uppmärksammade vi att kulturens betydelse, mer eller mindre blir oundviklig i vägledningssamtal med andraspråkstalare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur verksamma studie- och yrkesvägledare (SYV) på Vägledningscentrum (VLC) definierar begreppen; mångkulturell vägledning, kulturell kompetens samt hur syv kommunicerar med andraspråkstalande och vilken betydelse kultur och bristande språkfärdighet har för den individuella vägledningen. Datainsamlingsmetoden är kvalitativ med sex respondenter på två kontor i Sverige. Dataanalysmetoden är en innehållsanalys med tillåtelse för eftersökning av mönster i vårt material. De använda teorierna i vår studie är positivistiska, konstruktivistiska och socio-logiska karriär- och vägledningsteorier. Som tillskottsmaterial används tidigare forskning inom mångkulturell vägledning och kulturell kompetens för att förstå syftet med denna studie. Resultaten indikerar att det råder skilda uppfattningar och definitioner på studiens frågeställningar. Majoriteten beskriver att kulturens betydelse inte har någon direkt inverkan för arbetet, men likväl att individens bakgrund är av intresse. Generellt säger våra respondenter inte se skillnad på mångkulturell och traditionell vägledning. Den gemen-samma nämnaren är individen som sitter framför dem. Å andra sidan uttrycker en minoritet av respondenterna att individens kultur har betydelse för arbetet och minoriteten ser ett allmänt behov bland vägledare av ökad kulturell kompetens för vägledning av andra-språkstalare, något som förankras i studiens litteratur och tidigare forskning. Det som dock ses som det största möjliga hindret för en framåtskridande vägledningsprocess är bristande kommunikationNyckelord: Andraspråkstalande, mångkulturell vägledning, kulturell kompetens, kommunikation, kulturDuring the educational program we experienced that the meaning of culture, more or less, becomes inevitable in guidance dialogue with individuals of a second language. The purpose with this study was to examine how active careers advisers in a Guidance Center define the concepts of multicultural guidance, cultural competence and also how careers advisers communicate with individuals of a second language and what relation these have with each other. The data collection method is qualitative with six respondents in two Guidance Centers in Sweden. The data analysis method is a content analysis because it enables us to seek out patterns in our material. The theories used in our study are positivistic, constructivist and socialistic theories of career and guidance choice. As additional material, recent research about multiculturalism and cultural competence is used to understand the purpose of this study. The results indicate there are differing views and definitions with the issues to the study. The majority describes that the importance of culture has no direct impact on their work, but nevertheless that the individuals background is of interest. Generally our respondents say that multicultural guidance does not differ from traditional guidance. The common denominator is the individual sitting in front of you. On the other hand, a minority of the respondents express that the individual culture has significance to their work and the minority see a common need for enhanced cultural competence among advisers for guidance of individuals of a second language, something that’s established in our studies literature and recent research. What is viewed as the greatest obstacle however, is lacking communication. Keywords: Individuals of a second language, multicultural guidance, cultural competence, communication, culture

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On the one hand mortgage lending is an objective driver of the growth of the Russian economy and on the other hand it’s an important element of social policy and support of the population, and primarily of young people. From the position of credit organizations acting in the person of creditors, mortgage lending is a source of financial risks. These aspects are comprehensively considered in the graduate thesis. As the main direction of risk optimization and expansion of the mortgage market, additions are proposed to the existing model of the borrower's solvency analysis. An interesting and technologically reasonable proposal was made: using the information resources of the IFTS in order to improve the reliability and quality of data for analysis of potential borrowers, which will simultaneously give a positive shift in terms of reducing the time. Special attention should be paid to the offer of a new service - the "one-stop" mode, which will optimize time costs, improve the quality of crediting, and enable the operative use of tax deductions, the right to which is fixed in the Tax Code. / Ипотечное кредитование является объективным драйвером роста экономики России, с одной стороны, важным элементом социальной политики и поддержки населения, и в первую очередь молодежи, с другой стороны. С позиции кредитных организаций, выступающих в лице кредиторов, ипотечное кредитование представляет собой источник финансовых рисков. Данные аспекты всесторонне рассмотрены в дипломной работе. В качестве основного направления оптимизации рисков и расширения рынка ипотеки предложены дополнения в существующую модель анализа кредитоспособности заемщика. Сделано интересное и технологически целесообразное предложение: использование информационных ресурсов ИФНС в целях повышения достоверности и качества данных для анализа потенциальных заемщиков, что одновременно даст положительный сдвиг в плане сокращения сроков. Отдельного внимания заслуживает предложение нового сервиса – режим «одного окна», который позволит оптимизировать временные затраты, повысить качество кредитования, даст возможность оперативного использования налоговых вычетов, право на которые закреплены в Налоговом кодексе.

Кредитование физических лиц – одно из основных направлений деятельности коммерческих банков, приносящий доход. Для населения кредиты один из возможных способов повысить свой уровень жизни, например, купив недвижимость. Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что каждый год повышается спрос физических лиц на банковские кредиты, растет конкуренция на рынке среди кредитных организаций, что вызывает необходимые изменения в кредитной системе всей страны. Научная новизна работы: 1) Предложено более точное толкование определения просроченной задолженности (проблемная) по потребительскому кредиту, что позволяет увязать понятие проблемной задолженности по кредиту с высоким уровнем финансовых потерь в банке при ненадлежащем обслуживании заемщика кредита, что часто связано с ухудшением финансового положения заемщика. 2) Предложено усовершенствовать систему оценки платежеспособности заемщиков путем внедрения психоскоринга (с учетом требований закона о защите персональных данных), что позволит сформировать целостный портрет с точки зрения платежеспособности. 3) Предложено усовершенствовать механизм комплексного обслуживания клиента путем подключения овердрафта и выбора расчета ежемесячного платежа клиентом, что позволит снизить риски неплатежеспособности. / Lending to individuals is one of the main activities of commercial banks that generates income. For the population, loans are one of the possible ways to improve their standard of living, for example, by buying real estate. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that every year the demand of individuals for bank loans is increasing, competition in the market among credit institutions is growing, which causes the necessary changes in the credit system of the entire country. Scientific novelty of the work: 1) A more accurate interpretation of the definition of overdue debt (problem) for a consumer loan is proposed, which allows linking the concept of problem debt on a loan with a high level of financial losses in the bank with improper service of the borrower, which is often associated with a deterioration in the financial situation of the borrower. 2) It was proposed to improve the system for assessing the solvency of borrowers by introducing psychoscoring (taking into account the requirements of the law on the protection of personal data), which will allow to form a holistic portrait in terms of solvency. 3) It was proposed to improve the mechanism of comprehensive customer service by connecting an overdraft and choosing the calculation of a monthly payment by the customer, which will reduce the risks of insolvency.

In 2006, the United States Congress passed the Pandemic All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) which mandated that all emergency preparedness planning shall address at-risk populations. Further, in 2013, the reauthorization of this act, known as PAHPRA, defined at-risk individuals as "children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals who may need additional response assistance." This vague definition leaves emergency managers, planners, and public health officials with the difficult task of understanding what it means to be at-risk. Further, once identified, the geographic location of at-risk individuals must be obtained. This research first uses the concept of social vulnerability to enhance the understanding of what it means to be "at-risk." Then, by comparing two data disaggregation techniques, areal weighted interpolation and dasymetric mapping, I demonstrate how error of estimation is affected by different scenarios of population distribution and service area overlap. The results extend an existing framework of vulnerability by stratifying factors into quantifiable and subjective types. Also, dasymetric mapping was shown to be a superior technique of data disaggregation compared to areal weighted interpolation. However, the difference in error estimates is low, 5 percent or less in 72 percent of the test cases. Only through local collaboration with community entities can emergency planners access the appropriate data to both: 1) understand the nature of at-risk individuals in their service areas and 2) spatially target resources needed to ensure all individuals are planned for in case of a bio-emergency.

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