Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utifrån nyhetsrapporteringen i Ystads Allehanda och Sydsvenska Dagbladet Snällposten undersöka vems röster som gjordes hörda i den massmediala diskursen kring den asiatiska influensan som grasserade 1957. Utifrån olika teman, som jag vid närläsningen kunde identifiera som återkommande i nyhetstexterna, studerar jag vad man talade om och hur man talade om detta. Jag studerar också vem mottagarna var och om det förmedlas några speciella budskap. Dessutom gör jag en jämförelse av de båda tidningarnas rapportering i egenskap av att SDS kan sägas representera stad medan YA representerar landsbygd.Undersökningen genomförs med utgångspunkt i Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet att språket i sig är en handling. Vad som förmedlas via språket är ingen avspegling av verkligheten, utan en konstruktion, som utifrån olika perspektiv och syften skapar ”sanningar”. I studien framgår explicit massmedias roll som ”ideologisk” meningsskapare. Med hjälp av det journalistiska nyhetsspråket, och då speciellt i rubriker och i ingresser, konstruerar massmedia verklighet, en verklighet som kan skilja sig markant ifrån det reella förhållandet. Syftet är givetvis att fånga läsarens intresse men i förlängningen också kommersiellt, då tidningar produceras med ett vinstgivande ändamål.

At the end of February 1957, the WHO announced that a highly contagious flu epidemic was raging in China, where hundreds of thousands of people had fallen ill. This flu then spreads with furious speed over the rest of the world and becomes known as the Asian flu. The main purpose of the essay is to use a qualitative content analysis to investigate and compare how the Asian flu pandemic was portrayed in the Swedish newspapers Norrskensflamman and Dagens Nyheter at its outbreak in 1957. The reason why these two newspapers have been chosen is due to their differences in quantity, political tendency and their geographical locations. Both dailies have also been available digitally. Based on own investigations in the thesis, as well as research on previous epidemics that have affected Sweden, three themes have been identified; panic, vaccines and societal change. These are a starting point for seeking answers to what the portrayal looks like, what differences there are between the newspapers and whether Norrbotten is affected in a different way compared to the rest of Sweden. The articles on the Asian flu that have been investigated have been located in the two newspapers and compared in relation to each other. The essay shows both similarities and differences in the newspapers' reporting of the Asian flu, where the most prominent are the panic aspects. Together, both newspapers report a much lower death toll from the flu than the actual one, but differ in how much responsibility they take to prevent public panic, for example through word choice. Their early reporting on the work with vaccines also helps to calm and convey that the situation is under control. On the other hand, the content of the articles changes quickly when it is clear that the infection is raging in Sweden. Information in the newspapers regarding societal changes is sparse and there are few indications that they are permanent.There are no clear indications that Norrbotten was hit much harder by the Asian flu than the rest of Sweden, quite the opposite.

<p><strong>Title</strong>:      Kriskommunikation på 140 tecken; En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om media och myndigheters traditionella roller vid pandemikrisen A(H1N1) via SVT Rapport och Krisinformation.se:s twitterflöden.</p><p><strong>Author</strong>:                         Arne Wetterholm & Petter Westlund</p><p><strong>Tutor</strong>:                         Mats Eriksson</p><p><strong>Course</strong>:                         Medie- & Kommunikationsvetenskap C, inriktning PR</p><p><strong>Semester</strong>:                         Autumn 2009</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong>:      The purpose of this study is to analyse how twitter-feeds has been reporting the A(H1N1) pandemics. Do authorities and media keep their classical approach towards new crisis in a new media channel like Twitter.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Method & material</strong>:      The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Twitter feeds will be used as the main source of the material. The 50 latest messages of the feeds in both Twitter microblogs Krisinformation.se and SVT PlayRapport will be represented in the material.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Theories</strong>:      The theoretical background consists of Jan van Dijk and Manuel Castells theories of the network society. The theories of classical approach on authorities and media are also a part of the theoretical background along with theories about the modern web.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Main results</strong>:      The main results of this study points towards a continuous approach of both authorities and media in the Twitter feeds. That means that new opportunities of crisis information don’t mean new approaches for authorities and media when reporting a crisis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:     crisis information, crisis communication,  Twitter, SVT, Rapport, Krisinformation.se, kriskommunikation, A(H1N1), nya influensan, svininfluensan, swine inluenza, microblog, mikroblogg, kvantitativ, quantitative, innehållsanalys, context analysis.</p>

The aim of this thesis has been to examine how the risk for the swine flu was represented in the Swedish Radio news broadcast Ekot 16.45 during different phases of the pandemic in 2009. We wanted to study how the risk was described in different discourses and periods? Were the participants in the reporting calming or warning the listeners in relations to different aspects of the swine flu? What consequences for the community were reported in the broadcasting? To find the answers to our questions, we analysed 13 features about the swine flu broadcasted in Ekot’s main news broadcast Ekot 16.45. We used critical discourse analysis inspired by Norman Fairclough. We identified four types of discourses in our text, a journalistic discourse, a medical discourse, a nationalistic discourse and an authority discourse. The main discourse was the medical one. We also discovered power relations in each discourse but also between them. We noticed that the media transmitted the information from the authorities like a megaphone, rather than handling it in their traditionally critical way. In addition most people interviewed were representatives from the authorities and not ordinary people, manifesting the above mentioned authoritative perspective/discourse and leading to an absence of descriptions on effects at an everyday level. We also observed that the risk was talked about in various ways depending on if the feature belonged to the warning or acute phase of the pandemic. In the way the features were presented, it was clear that the presentations of the swine flu also had effects on the community, the healthcare and the whole nation as if preparing for an outbreak.

Title:      Kriskommunikation på 140 tecken; En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om media och myndigheters traditionella roller vid pandemikrisen A(H1N1) via SVT Rapport och Krisinformation.se:s twitterflöden. Author:                         Arne Wetterholm &amp; Petter Westlund Tutor:                         Mats Eriksson Course:                         Medie- &amp; Kommunikationsvetenskap C, inriktning PR Semester:                         Autumn 2009 Purpose:      The purpose of this study is to analyse how twitter-feeds has been reporting the A(H1N1) pandemics. Do authorities and media keep their classical approach towards new crisis in a new media channel like Twitter.   Method &amp; material:      The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Twitter feeds will be used as the main source of the material. The 50 latest messages of the feeds in both Twitter microblogs Krisinformation.se and SVT PlayRapport will be represented in the material.   Theories:      The theoretical background consists of Jan van Dijk and Manuel Castells theories of the network society. The theories of classical approach on authorities and media are also a part of the theoretical background along with theories about the modern web.   Main results:      The main results of this study points towards a continuous approach of both authorities and media in the Twitter feeds. That means that new opportunities of crisis information don’t mean new approaches for authorities and media when reporting a crisis.   Keywords:     crisis information, crisis communication,  Twitter, SVT, Rapport, Krisinformation.se, kriskommunikation, A(H1N1), nya influensan, svininfluensan, swine inluenza, microblog, mikroblogg, kvantitativ, quantitative, innehållsanalys, context analysis.

<p>The aim of this thesis has been to examine how the risk for the swine flu was represented in the Swedish Radio news broadcast Ekot 16.45 during different phases of the pandemic in 2009. We wanted to study how the risk was described in different discourses and periods? Were the participants in the reporting calming or warning the listeners in relations to different aspects of the swine flu? What consequences for the community were reported in the broadcasting?</p><p>To find the answers to our questions, we analysed 13 features about the swine flu broadcasted in Ekot’s main news broadcast Ekot 16.45. We used critical discourse analysis inspired by Norman Fairclough.</p><p>We identified four types of discourses in our text, a journalistic discourse, a medical discourse, a nationalistic discourse and an authority discourse. The main discourse was the medical one. We also discovered power relations in each discourse but also between them.</p><p>We noticed that the media transmitted the information from the authorities like a megaphone, rather than handling it in their traditionally critical way. In addition most people interviewed were representatives from the authorities and not ordinary people, manifesting the above mentioned authoritative perspective/discourse and leading to an absence of descriptions on effects at an everyday level. We also observed that the risk was talked about in various ways depending on if the feature belonged to the warning or acute phase of the pandemic. In the way the features were presented, it was clear that the presentations of the swine flu also had effects on the community, the healthcare and the whole nation as if preparing for an outbreak.</p>