Orientador: Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim / Banca: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzo / Banca: Nádina Aparecida Moreno / Resumo: O foco desta pesquisa centra-se na produção, compartilhamento e uso da informação orgânica no âmbito do processo decisório empresarial. A informação na economia atual tornou-se fonte de valor para as organizações. A empresa que conseguir gerenciar, organizar, tratar e disseminar de maneira inteligente e estratégica esse recurso concretizará maior lucratividade e competitividade no cenário empresarial, uma vez que é tão importante quanto qualquer outro recurso existente no ambiente organizacional. A informação orgânica é produzida no ambiente interno da organização sendo produto das atividades desempenhadas no exercício de suas funções. Conhecer os elementos que envolvem esse processo auxilia enormemente os gestores, visto que o processo decisório é permeado de conflitos e diferente percepções. A informação orgânica, portanto, pode reduzir esses conflitos em contextos organizacionais, pois reduz a incerteza, propicia mais segurança e maior confiabilidade ao processo decisório, além de dinamizar o tempo das pessoas envolvidas no processo. Realizou-se uma análise de um ambiente empresarial, mais especificamente no que tange à produção, compartilhamento e uso da informação orgânica para a tomada de decisão, visto que há pouco estudo científico a respeito deste tema. O universo pesquisado foi constituído das empresas afiliadas a Rede Construnova, do segmento de material de construção, situada nas cidades da região de Marília, Estado de São Paulo, pois se configura em um segmento importante que influencia a economia local e regional. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados se alicerçaram na abordagem qualitativa, cujo método refere-se à pesquisa descritiva e exploratória. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram elaborados um questionário estruturado com perguntas fechadas um roteiro de entrevista e um roteiro de observação cujos conteúdos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / Abstract: The focus of this research is centered on organic information production, sharing and use on the enterprise decision making process. The information on the present economy becomes value source for organizations. The enterprise able to manage, to organize, to deal with and to disseminate this resource on an intelligent way, will achieve more profit and more competitiveness on the enterprise scenario, since it is as important as any other resource from the organizational environment. The organic information is produced on the organization's internal environment been a product of the activities made by execution its functions. Knowing the elements that involve this process gives a great help to managers once the decision making process is permeated by conflicts and different perceptions. Therefore, the organic information can reduce these conflicts on organizational contexts, because it reduces the uncertainness, propitiates more security and more trustworthiness to the decision making process, besides it gives dynamism to people's time involved on the process. It carried out an analysis of a business environment, more specifically on what concerns to production, sharing and use of organic information to decision making, because there is few scientific studies about this theme. The investigated universe was composed by the companies affiliated to Construnova Net, from construction material segment, located at Marilia Region's cities, Sao Paulo State, because it is an important segment which influences the local and regional economy. The methodological proceedings used are based on the qualitative approach which method is related to descriptive and exploratory research. As data collecting instruments were elaborated a structured questionnaire with closed questions, an interview's syllabus and observation's syllabus which contents are related to the research's aims... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Der Wissenschaftsrat berät Bund und Länder bei der inhaltlichen und strukturellen Entwicklung von Hochschulen, von Wissenschaft und Forschung. So hat er in den letzten Jahren maßgeblich den Exzellenzwettbewerb zwischen den Hochschulen mitgeprägt. Auch mit den Infrastruktureinrichtungen, etwa mit den Rechenzentren oder mit den wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, befassen sich die Gremien die Wissenschaftsrats angesichts der Herausforderungen weltweiter digitaler Vernetzung.

Ce travail doctoral questionne le processus d’intégration des informations visuelles et gravito-inertielles à l’origine de comportements perceptivo-moteurs. Pour cela, nous avons manipulé l’orientation dans le plan sagittal d’une scène visuelle, du corps ou du vecteur gravito-inertiel, grâce à la rotation de cette scène ou du corps et par centrifugation. Nous avons mesuré les conséquences de ces modifications sur la capacité à localiser le corps ou une cible par le biais d’un mouvement de pointage manuel. Au cours de 3 expérimentations, nous avons manipulé un ensemble de facteurs associés au contexte de présentation des stimulations visuelles et gravito-inertielles (e.g., dynamique de rotation : rapide vs. lente), à la combinaison de ces stimulations (i.e., congruence vs. incongruence spatiale), au mode de réponse spatiale (i.e., tâche de détection de l’inclinaison, pointage discret ou continu) et aux caractéristiques individuelles (i.e., style perceptif). De façon générale, les études réalisées montrent que les règles de pondération sensorielle dépendent de l’interaction entre ces différents facteurs. Nous avons pu ainsi déterminer 2 grands types d’effets sur la pondération sensorielle : i) La non congruence spatiale entre les stimulations entraine une dominance relative des informations gravito-inertielles quelles que soient la tâche ou les caractéristiques de la scène visuelle ; ii) Par contraste, lorsque ces stimulations sont congruentes, les règles de pondération sensorielle dépendent de la tâche (i.e., perceptive vs. sensorimotrice). / This dissertation investigates the integration process of visual and gravitoinertial cues at the origin of perceptual-motor skills. To that aim, we manipulated sagittal orientation of a visual scene, the body and the gravitoinertial vector by means of scene and body rotations, as well as centrifugation. Self-orientation perception and target localization were analyzed during these modifications. In 3 experiments we modulated several factors associated with i) the presentation of visual and gravitoinertial stimulations (e.g., rotation dynamics: fast vs. slow), ii) the combination of these stimulations (i.e., spatial congruence vs. non-congruence), iii) the task (i.e., self-tilt detection, continuous and discrete arm pointing movements), iv) individual characteristics (i.e., perceptive style). Overall, we show that sensory integration rules depend on these interacting factors. Two global effects were revealed on sensory weighting: i) spatial non-congruence between stimulations induces relative gravitoinertial dominance, whatever the task or visual scene properties; ii) by contrast, spatial congruence between stimulations could be associated to sensory weighting rules which are task dependent (i.e., perceptive vs. sensorimotor).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lousada_m_me_mar.pdf: 2892275 bytes, checksum: bdb4319f567dc68856b317bfe5b7c7bf (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O foco desta pesquisa centra-se na produção, compartilhamento e uso da informação orgânica no âmbito do processo decisório empresarial. A informação na economia atual tornou-se fonte de valor para as organizações. A empresa que conseguir gerenciar, organizar, tratar e disseminar de maneira inteligente e estratégica esse recurso concretizará maior lucratividade e competitividade no cenário empresarial, uma vez que é tão importante quanto qualquer outro recurso existente no ambiente organizacional. A informação orgânica é produzida no ambiente interno da organização sendo produto das atividades desempenhadas no exercício de suas funções. Conhecer os elementos que envolvem esse processo auxilia enormemente os gestores, visto que o processo decisório é permeado de conflitos e diferente percepções. A informação orgânica, portanto, pode reduzir esses conflitos em contextos organizacionais, pois reduz a incerteza, propicia mais segurança e maior confiabilidade ao processo decisório, além de dinamizar o tempo das pessoas envolvidas no processo. Realizou-se uma análise de um ambiente empresarial, mais especificamente no que tange à produção, compartilhamento e uso da informação orgânica para a tomada de decisão, visto que há pouco estudo científico a respeito deste tema. O universo pesquisado foi constituído das empresas afiliadas a Rede Construnova, do segmento de material de construção, situada nas cidades da região de Marília, Estado de São Paulo, pois se configura em um segmento importante que influencia a economia local e regional. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados se alicerçaram na abordagem qualitativa, cujo método refere-se à pesquisa descritiva e exploratória. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram elaborados um questionário estruturado com perguntas fechadas um roteiro de entrevista e um roteiro de observação cujos conteúdos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / The focus of this research is centered on organic information production, sharing and use on the enterprise decision making process. The information on the present economy becomes value source for organizations. The enterprise able to manage, to organize, to deal with and to disseminate this resource on an intelligent way, will achieve more profit and more competitiveness on the enterprise scenario, since it is as important as any other resource from the organizational environment. The organic information is produced on the organization’s internal environment been a product of the activities made by execution its functions. Knowing the elements that involve this process gives a great help to managers once the decision making process is permeated by conflicts and different perceptions. Therefore, the organic information can reduce these conflicts on organizational contexts, because it reduces the uncertainness, propitiates more security and more trustworthiness to the decision making process, besides it gives dynamism to people’s time involved on the process. It carried out an analysis of a business environment, more specifically on what concerns to production, sharing and use of organic information to decision making, because there is few scientific studies about this theme. The investigated universe was composed by the companies affiliated to Construnova Net, from construction material segment, located at Marilia Region’s cities, Sao Paulo State, because it is an important segment which influences the local and regional economy. The methodological proceedings used are based on the qualitative approach which method is related to descriptive and exploratory research. As data collecting instruments were elaborated a structured questionnaire with closed questions, an interview’s syllabus and observation’s syllabus which contents are related to the research’s aims... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Notre enquête relève les discours sur « l’alimentation saine » en Francecontemporaine. Qu’ils émanent de groupes médicaux, scientifiques, politiques oud’institutions gouvernementales ou non ou encore de la population, ils sontpolysémiques. Ils se construisent au fur et à mesure du temps et génèrent unenorme sociale qui s’appuie sur des thèmes récurrents comme l’équilibre ou ladiversité alimentaire.L’idée de l’alimentation saine est soutenue par des mythes comme la jeunesseéternelle, le surhomme, l’harmonie sociale et la pureté.Avec ces moteurs de choix, les sujets se créent une pluralité d’identitésdiététiques. Des modèles « alimentaires sains » se déclinent en rapport avec larégion d’habitation, le statut corporel, la religion, le sexe, l’âge et les imagessociales des aliments. L’identité alimentaire, processus de différenciation et desimilitude évolue et amène l’être à la renonciation de lui-même pour aller à larencontre de l’autre, de son univers alimentaire, afin de devenir « soi-mêmecomme un autre ».Nous dessinons des portraits de mangeurs mis au régime par leur société et qui,dans l’interaction sociale, ressentent un appétit pour leur santé. Poursuivant, nousillustrons les messages sur « l’alimentation saine » avec des réinterprétationscollectives et également individuelles. Les personnes vont prêter attention auxinformations et communications sur l’alimentation et la nutrition, dites bénéfiquespour la santé à partir du moment où ces messages s’inscrivent dans leur trame devie. Manger signe une intention corporelle de l’être. L’alimentation fabrique uncorps sexué « sain ». Cependant dans l’alimentation contemporaine se dégagentdes aspects négatifs : les risques alimentaires. Aujourd’hui, naissent des peursalimentaires voire des maladies nutritionnelles chez l’homme « normal ».L’alimentation saine peut-être un levier pour la manipulation des sujets et révèledes logiques d’acteurs. Les outils biomédicaux servent alors une esthétiquecorporelle dominante et médicalisent un corps humain « idéalisé ». La santé estelleune apparence de beauté esthétique ? / Our survey studies the speeches on “healthy diet” in contemporary France.Whether they come from medical, scientific, political groups or from governmentalor not institutions, or from the population, they are polysemous.They build themselves in time and produce a social standard which relies onrecurring topics such as balance or the food variety.The idea of a healthy diet is supported by such myths as eternal youth, superman,social harmony and purity.With these choices, the subjects build up for themselves a plurality of dietaryidentities. Healthy food models are in connection with the region of residence, thephysical status, the religion, the sex, the age and the social images of food.The food identity, process of differentiation and resemblance evolves and bringspeople to the renunciation of themselves to go and meet the other one, his or herfood universe and become “one equal to the other one".We draw eaters' portraits put on a diet by their society and who feel an appetite fortheir health in social interaction. Then, we illustrate messages on “the healthydiet” with collective and also individual reinterpretations. People are going to payattention to the information and the communications on food and the nutrition saidbeneficial for health from the moment these messages fit their way of life.Eating is a sign of the physical intention of the human being. Food makes a"healthy" sexual body. However in the contemporary world food releases negativeaspects: the food risks. Nowadays, arise from food fears even nutritional diseasesat the "normal" man.A healthy diet is a control lever for the manipulation of the subjects and revealactors' logics. Biomedical tools serve then a dominant physical aesthetics andprovide an "idealized" human body along with “medical care”. Is health anappearance of aesthetic beauty?

The purpose of this study was to investigate guidance counsellors’ conceptions and experiences of information and communication technologies (ICT) in career guidance. The study has also investigated if counsellors, after graduation from the Bachelor of Arts in Study and Career Guidance program, consider themselves equipped to meet a digitized society. Qualitative interviews were made with eight professional guidance counsellors in primary and secondary schools. The collected data has been analyzed inspired by thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that ICT in guidance is perceived as a positive complement with a great potential. Based on our study we can conclude that ICT in guidance is seen as something positive with a great potential. Based on the results of our study, we conclude that the counsellors agree that the study program needs to be changed and expanded to reflect the needs of a changing society. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka studie- och yrkesvägledares uppfattningar och erfarenheter av informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) i vägledning samt undersöka om vägledare, efter examen från studie- och yrkesvägledarutbildningen, känner sig rustade att möta ett digitaliserat samhälle. Data samlades in med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Totalt åtta yrkesverksamma studie- och yrkesvägledare i grund- och gymnasieskola intervjuades. Den insamlade empirin analyserades med inspiration utifrån en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet av studien visade på att IKT i vägledning uppfattas som ett positivt komplement med en stor potential. Utifrån resultatet av vår studie kan vi konstatera att IKT i vägledning upplevs som något positivt med en stor potential samt att studie- och yrkesvägledarna är eniga om att utbildningen behöver förändras och kompletteras utifrån samhällets förändrade behov.

<p>In this work, speaker characteristic modeling has been applied in the fields of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and automatic speaker verification (ASV). In ASR, a key problem is that acoustic mismatch between training and test conditions degrade classification per- formance. In this work, a child exemplifies a speaker not represented in training data and methods to reduce the spectral mismatch are devised and evaluated. To reduce the acoustic mismatch, predictive modeling based on spectral speech transformation is applied. Follow- ing this approach, a model suitable for a target speaker, not well represented in the training data, is estimated and synthesized by applying vocal tract predictive modeling (VTPM). In this thesis, the traditional static modeling on the utterance level is extended to dynamic modeling. This is accomplished by operating also on sub-utterance units, such as phonemes, phone-realizations, sub-phone realizations and sound frames.</p><p>Initial experiments shows that adaptation of an acoustic model trained on adult speech significantly reduced the word error rate of ASR for children, but not to the level of a model trained on children’s speech. Multi-speaker-group training provided an acoustic model that performed recognition for both adults and children within the same model at almost the same accuracy as speaker-group dedicated models, with no added model complexity. In the analysis of the cause of errors, body height of the child was shown to be correlated to word error rate.</p><p>A further result is that the computationally demanding iterative recognition process in standard VTLN can be replaced by synthetically extending the vocal tract length distribution in the training data. A multi-warp model is trained on the extended data and recognition is performed in a single pass. The accuracy is similar to that of the standard technique.</p><p>A concluding experiment in ASR shows that the word error rate can be reduced by ex- tending a static vocal tract length compensation parameter into a temporal parameter track. A key component to reach this improvement was provided by a novel joint two-level opti- mization process. In the process, the track was determined as a composition of a static and a dynamic component, which were simultaneously optimized on the utterance and sub- utterance level respectively. This had the principal advantage of limiting the modulation am- plitude of the track to what is realistic for an individual speaker. The recognition error rate was reduced by 10% relative compared with that of a standard utterance-specific estimation technique.</p><p>The techniques devised and evaluated can also be applied to other speaker characteristic properties, which exhibit a dynamic nature.</p><p>An excursion into ASV led to the proposal of a statistical speaker population model. The model represents an alternative approach for determining the reject/accept threshold in an ASV system instead of the commonly used direct estimation on a set of client and impos- tor utterances. This is especially valuable in applications where a low false reject or false ac- cept rate is required. In these cases, the number of errors is often too few to estimate a reli- able threshold using the direct method. The results are encouraging but need to be verified on a larger database.</p> / Pf-Star / KOBRA

<p>Skolverket har under våren 2010 tagit fram en ny rapport om IT användning och ITkompetens bland elever på grundskolan. Rapporten visade en positiv utveckling bland elever i skolåren 7‐9 men bland elever i grundskolans tidigare år var resultaten inte desamma. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån en utbildningspraktik förstå konsekvenserna av hur pedagoger resonerar kring värdet av att vara informationskompetent. Ett begrepp som innefattar sökstrategier, en källkritisk medvetenhet och allämna kunskaper på och om Internet. Europeiska Unionen (EU) beslutade 2006 att varje enskild medborgare är i behov av åtta nyckelkompetenser för att på bästa sätt anpassa och utveckla sig inom vår snabbt växande samhällsutveckling. Den fjärde nyckelkompetensen är en digital kompetens vilket inkluderar begreppet informationskompetens. Denna kompetens är något skolverksamheten skall förmedla till sina elever, där skolans uppdrag redan framhåller att ”leverna skall kunna orientera sig i en komplex verklighet, med ett stort informationsflöde och en snabb förändringstakt”(Skolverket, 2000:5).</p><p>I studien intervjuas sex verksamma pedagoger från grundskolans tidigare år, med ett strategiskt urval från två olika grundskolor i södra Sverige. Utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv försöker studien fånga en bredd av aspekter på problemområdet genom att belysa både individuella, samhälleliga men även sociala utgångspunkter. Den teoretiska inramningen har jag därför valt att dela in och analysera utifrån tre tänkbara relevansområden <em>attityder, didaktisk problematik och<em> kognitiv kommunikation. </em></em>I studien fann jag att de intervjuade pedagogerna hade en förståelse för begreppet informationskompetens men förde resonemanget ofta på en teknisk och materiell nivå. I studiens resultat och analys kunde jag urskilja hinder som pedagogerna byggde upp och som till viss del styrde deras resonemang. Resultaten belyser pedagogernas egna tekniska kompetens och för vissa en teknisk rädsla som ett av hindren, men även ett upplevt generationsglapp mellan elev och pedagog. Ett annat hinder åskådliggör en didaktisk problematik där pedagogerna efterfrågar struktur, riktlinjer och guidning inom området. Att den kompetens pedagogerna tillägnat sig genom fortbildning inte stannar av vid materiella tillgångar eller programkunskap, utan att de tillägnar sig och förmedlar en informationskompetens som grund i den digitala undervisningen. Om pedagogerna skall komma förbi sina upplevda hinder till informations‐ och kommunikationstekniken behövs ett ansvarstagande både från rektorer och pedagoger. Samtliga inom skolverksamheten måste tillägna sig en förståelse för hur en informationskompetens är grunden till en digital undervisning med Internet som utgångspunkt. Begreppet måste ses som ämnesoberoende och integreras i undervisningspraktiken för att eleverna skall kunna tillägna sig det enorma digitala utbud vi idag ställs inför.</p>

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are constantly evolving in today's information society. The school uses ICT as a teaching tool and it begins to be included at the leisure-time in school by the educators. Aim of this study is to examine how educators describe their perceptions and experiences of using ICT in the leisure activities. The questions is about how the educators use ICT, what they believe children learn of ICT, and which advantages and disadvantages they see with ICT at leisure-time in school. Through a qualitative approach, I have had my questions answered by six trained educators, five of whom are recreational educators and one who is a preschool teacher. These have individually answered my interview questions as an interview took place over a phone call, while the others answered the same questions by e-mail. The interview questions were open-ended questions that were formulated so the educators could respond so freely and fulfilling as possible. The survey shows that teachers use ICT in multimodal approach at leisure-time in school, both in informing parents and in activities with the children. The children use ICT tools as Smartboards, computers and Ipads. With these tools, they listen to music, play games and use various utility programs, which are helping them to develop in different knowledge topics. They also developed in interaction with each other as they learn to work together, take into account and listen to each other and to wait for their turn. The educators see benefits of ICT as it doubles as a great and practical support, both for the children and for themselves. The drawbacks they see with ICT are that the activities are mostly sedentary, and that schools have poor access to equipment.

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an important part in teaching English. In this respect, teachers’ need to know how they can benefit from the opportunities that ICT has to offer in language teaching. Previous research has described aspects of problems around teachers’ ICT skills, relate to the use of ICT in teaching. The aim of this study is to examine how teachers’ use ICT in their English lesson based on Svenssons (2008) three areas in which ICT can be used, “ICT as a tutor”, “ICT as a tool” and “ICT as an arena”. By studying how teachers’ use ICT in their English lesson, this study also aims to find out what factors teachers’ claim affects their work with ICT, based on Lundgrens (1972) and Stensmos (2008) frame factor theory. For collecting data a mixed method with observations and interviews was used. This study attempts to answer, the concern of why ICT is rarely used in teaching English. Therefore this study is focusing on which other factors than teachers’ ICT skills that have an impact on the use of ICT in the teaching process. From the outcomes of the observation it was noticed that multiple uses of ICT occur in English teaching. It also appears that there are opportunities and limitations in teachers’ work with ICT. From the outcomes of the interviews, the majority of teachers’ claim that the time is a factor that most limit the use of ICT in their English lessons.