近幾年來，雲端應用已是非常普遍現象，雲端計算是推動巨量資料( Big Data)分析與與開放資料界面等關鍵服務之營運模式，同時在近來熱門話題如物聯網、智慧城市、工業4.0等扮演著重要角色。 本文研究目的係探討台灣傳統機械業製造廠使用雲端服務的狀況及如何運用雲端服務創造效益；本研究是以F公司為研究個案，研究個案如何透過雲端應用增加企業效益、顧客滿意度,在當前環境下如何以擬訂之策略增加競爭對手門檻及產品區隔市場，並符合現在趨勢，以迎接工業4.0雛型做準備。 本研究透過個案資料收集、相關文獻探討及個案執行人員訪談，探討雲端服務在傳統製造業為公司經營所創造之效益。本研究從「傳統機械業遇到的挑戰與策略」、「個案F公司背景及營運現況(公司、產品、顧客)」、「雲端計算的應用」、「傳統機械業加上雲端應用後的效益」四個面向切入探討。 研究發現，傳統機械業在雲端應用的利益，不僅可以成為公司銷售策略、提升現有服務的品質更能以創新服務協助企業做節能診斷與建議，這樣不僅替客戶節省成本，並且增進顧客滿意度及黏著度。而另一個發現是透過雲端應用，可進一步作供應鏈管理，減少企業備料時間及降低庫存，使企業在激烈的競爭環境中，降低成本、增加毛利並創造企業長期的競爭優勢，同時為未來工業4.0之引進做準備。 關鍵字:雲端應用、傳統機械業、增加企業效益、 創新服務、增進顧客滿意度、 工業4.0. / Cloud applications have become prevalent in recent years. In particular, cloud computing is the operational model in key services for promoting big data analysis and open data interface. It also plays the vital roles in recent popular subjects, such as the internet of things, smart city, and industry 4.0. The objective of this study is to explore the current conditions of how cloud services are utilized in the traditional machine factories in Taiwan and to create benefits. With Company F as the case, this study examines how cloud applications are used to improve corporate benefits and customer satisfaction, as well as how strategies should be formulated for market differentiation to increase competitiveness, connect with current trends, and prepare for the prototype of industry 4.0. Through data collection, literary review, and interview with project implementation staff of the case, the study explores the benefits that cloud applications generate for the traditional manufacturing businesses. There are four focuses of investigation in this study—challenges encountered and strategies formulated by the traditional mechanical industry; case study of company F, including company background and the existing operation concerning the company, product and customers; applications of cloud computing; benefits of cloud applications on traditional mechanical industry. It is indicated in research findings that in the traditional mechanical industry, the benefits of cloud computing will not only become corporate sales strategy and improve existing service quality, but also provide diagnosis and recommendations on energy saving for corporations with innovative services. This will help clients cut costs, and improve customer satisfaction and adhesion. An additional finding is that cloud applications can further manage the supply chain, minimize lead time, and reduce inventory, which enable corporations to reduce costs, increase gross profits, and create long term corporate advantages in a competitive environment to prepare for the upcoming industry 4.0. Keywords: Cloud applications, traditional mechanical industry, improve corporate benefit, innovative service, increase customer satisfaction, industry 4.0.

Les systèmes de communication prennent de nos jours une importance de plus en plus prépondérante dans tous les aspects de la vie courante et les exigences de connectivité se retrouvent dorénavant dans de très nombreux projets. Ces besoins de connexion exigent des débits de communication ainsi que des taux de couverture de plus en plus importants, poussant de ce fait vers l’utilisation de systèmes de communication par satellite (SATCOM). Les applications envisagées n’étant pas limitées à des installations fixes, celles-ci demandent de pouvoir assurer une communication par satellite depuis un porteur en mouvement. Il est donc nécessaire d’utiliser des servomécanismes de positionnement de l’antenne de façon à assurer un pointage correct de l’antenne vers le satellite. Ces positionneurs sont donc asservis de façon à orienter la ligne de visée de l’antenne vers le satellite, avec une erreur angulaire de l’ordre du dixième de degré. Cette précision a pour conséquences certaines exigences fortes sur la conception. Ces contraintes imposent l’utilisation de composants de qualité supérieure, des études mécaniques poussées ainsi que des réglages propres à chaque positionneur après assemblage. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, une stratégie de pointage différente de l’état de l’art a été conçue. Cette stratégie, nommée Helios (Hybrid Estimator of Line Of Sight), permet de lever certains verrous scientifiques spécifiques. Notamment, elle permet une diminution des performances requises de l’asservissement en position de l’antenne en fournissant une trajectoire plus facile à suivre. Cela permet une diminution des contraintes de conception, notamment mécaniques (frottements, raideurs …). Cela est rendu possible par une meilleure estimation de la direction à pointer, utilisant un plus grand nombre de mesures, sans introduire de retard dans l’estimation. Les moyens d’essais de Thales ont permis d’effectuer des essais expérimentaux sur des prototypes industriels. Ainsi, la stratégie est testée en simulation et en expérimentation sur un hexapode simulant un porteur, permettant un recalage du modèle de simulation à partir de données expérimentales. C’est ainsi que la stratégie est validée en conditions opérationnelles. Afin de réaliser ces tests expérimentaux, une étape de mise en place du moyen d’essais a été réalisée. Notamment, les outils de communication ont été mis au point (bus de terrains, liaisons série …). L’asservissement en position de la station a été réalisé à partir d’une identification non-paramétrique en boucle fermée du mécanisme. L’intégration de la station complète a été réalisée, permettant ainsi les tests en extérieur, sur un hexapode. / In military and civil application, satellite communications (SACTOM) are often needed on moving vehicles (drones, planes, land vehicles, vessels…) in order to transfer all kind of data (pictures, videos, internet …). These types of stations are called SATCOM On The Move (SOTM). In order insure high data rates, the antenna must be directional, which means that they direct electro-magnetic waves in a particular direction of space, called line of sight. The line of sight must be steered in order to be aligned with the satellite to insure a strong communication link with the highest data rate possible. Stabilized platforms, called Antenna Positioning System, aim to steer the antenna’s line of sight in the satellite direction. The pointing requirements are the source of conception constraints that reduce the cost efficiency of the overall station. This PhD report focus on the development and the study of a new pointing strategy called Helios (“Hybrid Estimator of LIne Of Sight”). This algorithm uses least squares to found the antenna pattern in real time, using an observation window. Among others, it allows to reduce the bandwidth of the control loops by generating a trajectory easier to follow. Therefore, it decreases the conception constraints (friction, backlash, field bus data rate …). Helios is tested through experimentation, using Thales industrial prototypes. The vehicle is emulated by a hexapod. Simulation is carried out in order to fit the measured experimental behavior. To do so, parametrical and non-parametrical identification has been done on the SOTM prototype. This way, Helios is validated and studied in operational conditions.

This thesis draws on the framework of dynamic capability (DC) in an effort to make sense of how small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) use mobile apps in Lagos, Nigeria. There exists significant knowledge regarding the application of the DC framework in large firms but its application in smaller organisations has scarcely been researched. The knowledge of how SMEs use mobile apps is important at this time because it could help these SMEs compete favourably, despite unpredictable environments. Based on pragmatic philosophy and a mixed-methods research approach, the research was conducted in two phases. The first phase of the research used qualitative methods to identify the absorptive, adaptive and innovative capabilities of SMEs in Lagos with a view to discover the extent to which mobile apps are used as enablers and/or drivers of these capabilities. The findings from 20 SMEs identified 15 DC constructs whose impact on SMEs could be enhanced using appropriated mobile apps. The SMEs manifest adaptive capabilities, mainly through using appropriated mobile apps. The SMEs manifest adaptive capabilities, mainly through customer feedback and referrals, and demonstrate absorptive capabilities through the repackaging and repricing of their goods and/or service offerings. The innovative capabilities of SMEs became evident through the imitation and adaptation of offerings. The second phase of this research surveyed 1 162 SMEs in Lagos in an effort to validate the identified constructs through quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics of survey responses affirm the use of mobile apps by SMEs and it also indicated the underutilisation of mobile apps as a DC enabler. Further analysis, using covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), explored the fitness of a conceptual SME model. The model assembled seven latent variables namely: mobile app usage, adaptive capability, absorptive capability, innovative capability, opportunity sensing ability, opportunity shaping ability and opportunity seizing ability. Subsequently, 15 hypotheses aimed at understanding the relationships between the variables were developed. The findings from the quantitative analysis revealed that mobile app usage increases the adaptive, absorptive and innovative capabilities of SMEs. The results failed to establish a direct relationship between mobile app usage and opportunity sensing, shaping and seizing abilities. Furthermore, the use of the adaptive capability in taking advantage of opportunities could not be generalised in SMEs’ context. The research findings imply the existence of an untapped potential as far as the use of mobile apps by SMEs in Lagos is concerned. The findings suggest that SMEs in Lagos respond to opportunities by becoming innovative and they seldom exhibit innovation in order to create opportunities. Based on the heterogeneous nature of SMEs, it is difficult to suggest a clear-cut narrative as to how all SMEs should employ mobile apps to create and maximise opportunities. However, mobile apps could induce creativity when developed and applied to the contextual requirements of SMEs. The outcome of this research reflects a multidisciplined research experience. The study contributed to IS through the creation of a model for investigating mobile app usage by organisations from a DC perspective. The conceptual model designed in this study could be adapted to investigate the way in which mobile app usage influences organisations in other contexts. The study contributed to the area of Information Systems by revealing the application of the DC framework to SMEs in contrast to the usual practice of researching DC with large organisations in mind. This research work suggests implicit ways of enhancing SMEs which could aid policy makers. This study was limited in that it gathered data from SMEs in Lagos alone as Lagos represents the commercial centre of Nigeria. Considerations for future research include the comparison of DC of large and small organisations in Lagos to examine if similarities and/or contrasts exist. Furthermore, due to the evasive and heterogeneous nature of SMEs, it would be beneficial to delimit future research on SMEs along specific domains of interest. / Iqoqa Lolu cwaningo lususelwa ohlakeni lokuthiwa ngamandla aphilayo (dynamic capability [DC]) emzameni wokuba umuntu aqonde ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane namaphakathi (ama-SME) awasebenzisa kanjani ama-apps ahanjiswayo eLagos, eNigeria. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ngoba lungasiza la mabhizinisi ukuba ancintisane namanye ngokunempumelelo, noma izimo akuzo wona zingaqondakali kahle. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Isigaba sokuqala sahlonza ama-DC ama-SMSE eLagos, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi ngabe ama-apps ahanjiswayo asetshenziswa kangakanani ukukhuthaza kanye/noma ukuqhubela phambili la mandla aphilayo. Okwatholakala kuma-SME angama-20 kwaba ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlelo zama-DC ithonya lazo kuma-SME elalingase liphakame ngokusebenzisa ama-apps ahanjiswayo afanele. Ama-SME afakazela ama-DC ikakhulu ngokushiwo ngamakhasimende nalabo abathintiwe, nokuba kubonakale ngokuba impahla ekhishwayo ipakishwe kabusha, ifakelwe intengo entsha, noma kube yimpahla engukulingisa eyokuqala noma ilungiswe ifane neyokuqala. Ibanga lesibili lalolu cwaningo lwahlola ama-SME ayi-1 162 eLagos ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ngezinga lezinhlaka ezihlonziweyo. Izimpendulo ezavezwa ucwaningo zakwesekela ukusetshenziswa ngama-SME kwama-apps ahanjiswayo, zakhomba nokuthi awasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ama-apps ahanjiswayo njengokunika i-DC amandla. Okunye ukuhlaziya kwakhombiisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-apps ahanjiswayo kwakungasiza ama-SME ngokwandisa amathuba awo. Nokho phela ukusebenzisa amathuba avelayo kwakungeke kwenzeke yonke indawo kuma-SME. Okuvezwa ucwaningo kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukusizakala okukhulu okungakafinyelelwa kukho mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngama-SME kwama-apps ahanjiswayo eLagos. Ucwaningo luphonsa itshe esivivaneni enkundleni yezinhlelo zokusebenza ngezolwazi ngokwembula ukusetshenziswa kohlaka lwe-DC kuma-SME uma kuqhathaniswa ngokuphambene nalokhu, okungukucwaninga okwejwayelekile nge-DC ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu. Lolu cwaningo luveza izindlela ezingekho obala zokuthuthukisa ama-SME, okungaba usizo kulabo ababhekene nokusungula imigomo yezwe. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Information Systems)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Majeski.pdf: 1611826 bytes, checksum: 7e2a0d00ace5eecbf4fe56cb939064e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / This work was motivated by our concern and interest in the issue of education in Brazil, and especially with our empathy with High School. At first we explain the general issues about this educational level, and then we discuss the three most important official policies for high school today: the National Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary Education (DCNEM), the Innovative High School Program (ProEMI) and National Secondary Education Examination (ENEM) focusing on curricular issues and understandings/uses that the practicing subjects make of them in school everyday. Amid questioning these policies are the speeches of teachers and students on the same issues. We try to elucidate the importance that such policies have for the actors of the school everyday and raise questions about the legal framework created by the Ministry of Education and the Department of Education of the State of Espírito Santo. We ve noticed that most official guidelines are not fully assimilated in school, where practicing subjects adopt their work strategies according to their needs. The questioning of the policies highlighted the growing importance of ENEM, which leads us to believe that over and over all the projects and guidelines for high school will have the influence of this examination / O presente trabalho foi movido pela nossa preocupação e interesse pela questão educacional no Brasil, especialmente por nossa afinidade com o Ensino Médio. Num primeiro momento explanamos questões gerais sobre essa etapa de ensino para, em seguida, problematizar as três principais políticas oficias para o Ensino Médio na atualidade: as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (DCNEM), o Programa Ensino Médio Inovador (ProEMI) e o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), focando as questões curriculares e os entendimentos/usos que os sujeitos praticantes fazem desses instrumentos nos cotidianos da escola. Em meio a problematização dessas políticas, estão as falas dos professores e alunos sobre os assuntos relacionados às mesmas. Tentamos elucidar a importância que tais políticas têm para os atores do cotidiano escolar e levantar questionamentos sobre o arcabouço legal criado pelo Ministério da Educação e pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Espírito Santo. Constatamos que grande parte das orientações oficiais não são plenamente assimiladas/usadas ou conhecidas na escola, onde os sujeitos praticantes adotam mecanismos de trabalho de acordo com suas necessidades. A problematização das políticas evidenciou a importância crescente do ENEM, o que nos leva a crer que cada vez mais todos os projetos e orientações destinados ao Ensino Médio terão como pano de fundo esse exame

<p>Циљ ове докторске дисертације је да<br />допринесе ученичким компетенцијама у<br />основној и средњој школи при читању,<br />доживљавању и тумачењу лирских народних<br />песама. Тема је актуелна јер садржај ове<br />поезије сублимира све аспекте културе<br />омогућавајући сагледавање и разумевање<br />традицијског и културолошког контекста<br />српске књижевности; пружа теоријски оквир;<br />критичку анализу, истраживања научног и<br />уметничког садржаја и иновативна решења<br />пренесена на дидактичко&ndash;педагошку праксу.<br />Полазећи од савремених научних<br />достигнућа, интердисциплинарности и<br />актуелних методичких приступа настави,<br />сагледане су специфичности ове врсте<br />народног стваралаштва. Очекује се<br />унапређивање наставе у области изучавања народних лирских песама кроз боље</p><p>разумевање обредног и обичајног слоја,<br />историјског и социјалног слоја у песмама.<br />Инсистирањем на претпоставкама савремене<br />наставе отвара се могућност да се<br />&bdquo;придобије&ldquo; ученик за читање, доживљавање<br />и тумачење, као и креативно стварање<br />засновано на пулсиру синкретичности,<br />формулативности, функционалности и<br />животворности народних лирских песама.<br />Акценат је стављен на значењској<br />димензији текста чији се вишеслојни и<br />вишезначни поетски свет доживљава и<br />критички вреднуј кроз истраживачко и<br />стваралачко приступање наставном процесу.<br />У раду су представљена свеобухватна<br />методолошка полазишта и осмишљени су<br />методички поступци који сведоче о<br />целовитости народне лирске поезије и њеном<br />сагласју које онемогућава чврсту<br />класификацију.<br />На конкретним примерима песама<br />заснивају се методичке интерпретације с<br />коментарима који показују како се са<br />ученицима основношколског и<br />средњошколског узраста може засновати<br />савремена, научно заснована наставна и<br />ваннаставна интерпретација народних<br />лирских песама.<br />Технички рад се састоји из шест<br />целина.</p> / <p>Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da<br />doprinese učeničkim kompetencijama u<br />osnovnoj i srednjoj školi pri čitanju,<br />doživljavanju i tumačenju lirskih narodnih<br />pesama. Tema je aktuelna jer sadržaj ove<br />poezije sublimira sve aspekte kulture<br />omogućavajući sagledavanje i razumevanje<br />tradicijskog i kulturološkog konteksta<br />srpske književnosti; pruža teorijski okvir;<br />kritičku analizu, istraživanja naučnog i<br />umetničkog sadržaja i inovativna rešenja<br />prenesena na didaktičko&ndash;pedagošku praksu.<br />Polazeći od savremenih naučnih<br />dostignuća, interdisciplinarnosti i<br />aktuelnih metodičkih pristupa nastavi,<br />sagledane su specifičnosti ove vrste<br />narodnog stvaralaštva. Očekuje se<br />unapređivanje nastave u oblasti izučavanja narodnih lirskih pesama kroz bolje</p><p>razumevanje obrednog i običajnog sloja,<br />istorijskog i socijalnog sloja u pesmama.<br />Insistiranjem na pretpostavkama savremene<br />nastave otvara se mogućnost da se<br />&bdquo;pridobije&ldquo; učenik za čitanje, doživljavanje<br />i tumačenje, kao i kreativno stvaranje<br />zasnovano na pulsiru sinkretičnosti,<br />formulativnosti, funkcionalnosti i<br />životvornosti narodnih lirskih pesama.<br />Akcenat je stavljen na značenjskoj<br />dimenziji teksta čiji se višeslojni i<br />višeznačni poetski svet doživljava i<br />kritički vrednuj kroz istraživačko i<br />stvaralačko pristupanje nastavnom procesu.<br />U radu su predstavljena sveobuhvatna<br />metodološka polazišta i osmišljeni su<br />metodički postupci koji svedoče o<br />celovitosti narodne lirske poezije i njenom<br />saglasju koje onemogućava čvrstu<br />klasifikaciju.<br />Na konkretnim primerima pesama<br />zasnivaju se metodičke interpretacije s<br />komentarima koji pokazuju kako se sa<br />učenicima osnovnoškolskog i<br />srednjoškolskog uzrasta može zasnovati<br />savremena, naučno zasnovana nastavna i<br />vannastavna interpretacija narodnih<br />lirskih pesama.<br />Tehnički rad se sastoji iz šest<br />celina.</p> / <p>The aim of this doctoral thesis is to contribution<br />to student competence in elementary and<br />secondary school when reading, experiencing<br />and interpreting lyrical folk poems. The topic is<br />current because the content of this poetry<br />sublimates all cultural aspects, making it possible<br />to assess and understand the traditional and<br />cultural context of Serbian literature, and it<br />provides a theoretical framework, as well as a<br />critical analysis, of the exploration of the<br />scientific and artistic content and the innovative<br />solutions applied in didactic and pedagogical<br />practices.<br />The specifics of this kind of folk creativity are<br />analyzed, taking modern scientific<br />achievements, interdisciplinary and<br />contemporary methodical approaches to teaching<br />as the starting point. The expectation is that an<br />improvement of teaching will be achieved in the<br />field of the study of lyrical folk poems through a<br />better understanding of the ritual and customary<br />layer, and the historical and social layer in<br />poems. By insisting on assumptions of modern<br />teaching methods the possibility is created to<br />&ldquo;win over&ldquo; the student to reading, experiencing<br />and interpreting, and creativity based on the<br />pulsating of syncretism, formativeness,<br />functionality and life&ndash;giving quality of lyrical<br />folk poems.<br />The emphasis is placed on the semantic<br />dimension of the text whose poetic world, with<br />multiple layers and multiple meanings, is<br />experienced and critically evaluated through an<br />exploratory and creative approach to the teaching<br />process. The paper presents comprehensive<br />methodological starting points and designed<br />methodical procedures, testifying to the<br />comprehensiveness of lyrical folk poetry and its<br />harmony, which renders hard classification<br />impossible.<br />The methodical interpretations are based on<br />concrete examples of poems, with comments that<br />show how a modern, scientifically based<br />teaching and extracurricular interpretation of<br />lyrical folk poems can be established with<br />elementary and secondary school students.<br />Technically the paper consists of six sections.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des projets d’innovation éducative des établissements scolaires maronites dans la promotion de l’éducation à la paix au Liban.L’objectif de notre recherche est d’établir la possibilité d’une éducation à la paix à travers la vision de l’Église maronite traduite dans les textes synodaux, les projets éducatifs et les projets d’établissement et leur mise en œuvre dans les écoles maronites, ainsi qu’à travers l’intériorisation des différents aspects de la paix par les élèves et la transférabilité de cet acquis dans leur comportement.Notre cadre théorique s’appuie sur les cinq modèles de l’éducation à la paix de Harris et Morrison (2003). Nous avons ajouté un sixième modèle, l’éducation à la compréhension mutuelle et au dialogue.Dans le but de vérifier les hypothèses et de répondre à la problématique, la recherche empirique repose sur une analyse des textes synodaux maronites et sur une enquête menée dans des écoles secondaires maronites du caza de Baabda auprès des chefs de ces établissements et des élèves du cycle secondaire.Pour ce faire, nous avons créé l’Ep-mètre, soit un instrument de mesure du niveau de l’éducation à la paix dans les établissements scolaires. Cet instrument nous a aidé à analyser les textes synodaux, les contenus des entrevues avec les chefs d’établissement et les données statistiques issues des questionnaires adressés aux élèves du secondaire. Les résultats de notre recherche ont montré que les projets d’innovation éducative des établissements scolaires maronites contribuent partiellement à promouvoir l’éducation à la paix. C’est pourquoi les écoles maronites au Liban pourraient revoir leurs pratiques éducatives à la lumière des six modèles de l’éducation à la paix, afin d’aider les élèves à intérioriser les différents aspects de la paix et à transférer cet acquis dans leur comportement. La thèse incite enfin les établissements scolaires maronites à : relire les textes synodaux pour être fidèles à la vision de l’Église maronite ; revoir leurs projets éducatifs et surtout leurs projets d’établissement en vue d’être cohérents avec les six modèles de l’éducation à la paix ; former les enseignants en vue d’orienter les cours et les activités vers la promotion des six modèles de l’éducation à la paix. / This thesis focuses on the role of innovative educational projects done at the maronite schools in order to promote peace education in Lebanon.The aim of our research is to establish the possibility of peace education peace education through the vision of the Maronite Church translated into synodal texts, the educational projects and establishment projects as well as their application at maronite schools, and the internalization of different aspects of peace by students along with the demonstration of this acquisition in their behavior.The conceptual framework of the research is grounded on the five models of Peace Education by Harris and Morrison (2003). A sixth model, the mutual understanding and communication education was added.In an attempt to verify the hypotheses and answer the research question, an analysis of maronite synod texts was administered, and a study was made in maronite schools in the Caza of Baabda, where school directors were interviewed and secondary students were surveyed. To analyze the data, the "Ep-meter", a Peace Education measurement tool for schools, was created. This tool helped interpret the synod texts, the results of the interviews, and the statistical data collected from the students.The results of the study revealed that the innovative projects administered at maronite schools partially contributed to the promotion of Peace Education. Hence, in light of the six Models of Peace Education, maronite schools in Lebanon must reconsider their educational practices to help students acquire the different aspects of peace and apply them.Finally, the thesis encourages the maronite schools to: reread the synod texts in order to be faithful to the vision of the Maronite Church; review their projects and especially the educational and establishment projects in order to become coherent with the six Models of Peace Education; train teachers develop their classes and activities in the light of the six models of Peace Education. / تتناولُ هذه الأطروحةُ دورَ مشاريع التّجديد التّربويّة الخاصّة بالمؤسساتِ المدرسيّةِ المارونيّةِ في تعزيزِ التربيةِ على السلام في لبنان.يهدفُ البحثُ الذي قمنا به، من جهةٍ، إلى دراسةِ مدى ملاءمةِ مشروعِ التربيةِ على السلامِ، مع توجّه الكنيسة المارونيّة المُجسّد في النّصوص المَجمعيّة وفي المشاريع التعليميّةِ وتلك الخاصّة بالمدارسِ، ومن جهة أخرى يهدفُ البحثُ إلى دراسة مدى استيعاب التلامذة مُختلف أوجه السلام ومدى تجليّ هذه الأخيرة في تصرّفاتهم.يعتمدُ إطارُنا النظريُّ، بشكلٍ أساسيٍّ، على النماذجِ التربويّةِ الخمس الخاصّة بالباحثين التربويّين هاريس وموريسون (2003). كما وقمنا بإضافة نموذج سادس يختصّ بالتربية على التفاهم المتبادل والحوار.وبهدفِ إثباتِ صحّةِ الفرضيّاتِ والإجابةِ عن الإشكاليّةِ المُقترحةِ، تضمّن البحث العلميّ تحليلًا للنّصوص المجمعيّة المارونيّة كذلك للدراسة التي أُجريت مع مدراء المدارس الثانويّة المارونيّة الواقعة ضمن نطاق قضاء بعبدا ومع تلامذة أقسامها الثانويّة.وللوصول إلى هدفنا، كان لابدّ من ابتكار أداة أطلقنا عليها اسم "ميزان التربية على السلام" (Ep-mètre) وذلك كمعيار يساعدنا على قياس مستوى التربية على السلام في المؤسسات المدرسيّة. ساعدتنا هذه الأداة المُبتكرة في تحليل النّصوص المجمعيّة ومضامين لقاءاتنا مع مدراء المدارس والمعطيات المُستشفّة من البيانات التي ملأها تلامذة القسم الثانويّ.أظهرت نتائج بحثنا أنّ المشاريع التربويّة المُبتكرة المُعتمدة في المؤسسات المدرسيّة المارونيّة تُساهم بشكلٍ جزئيّ في تعزيز التربية على السلام. لذلك يجب على المدارس المارونيّة في لبنان إعادة النظر في ممارساتها التربويّة على ضوء مضامين النماذج الستّ للتربية على السلام بهدف مساعدة التلامذة على استيعاب أوجه السلام المختلفة وبالتالي تجسيدها في تصرّفاتهم.

Recent research has challenged the way in which personality and attitude constructs are measured. Alternatives have been offered as to how non-cognitive responses are modeled, the mode of delivery used when administrating such scales, and the impact of technology in measuring personality. Thus, the major purpose of the studies in this thesis concerns two interrelated issues of personality research, namely the way personality responses are best modeled, and the most optimal mode by which personality items are presented and associated modal issues. Three studies are presented. First, recent developments using an ideal point approach to scale construction are outlined, and an empirical study compares modeling personality items based on an ideal point approach (generalized graded unfolding model; GGUM) and a dominance approach (graded response model: GRM). Second, an extensive review of literature pertaining to the mode effect when transferring paper-and-pencil measures to screen was conducted, in addition to a review of the various types of computerized and innovative items and their associated psychometric information. Finally, nine innovative items were developed using various multimedia features (e.g., video, graphics, and audio) to ascertain the advantages of these methods to present items constructed to elicit response behavior underlying ideal point approaches, namely, typical response behavior. It was found that the dominance IRT model continued to produce superior model-data fit for most items, more attention needs to be placed on developing principles for constructing ideal point type items, the web-based version supplied 20% more construct information than the paper version, and innovative items seem to provide more data-model fit for students with lower personality attributes. While the innovative items may require more initial outlay in terms of time and development costs, they have the capacity to provide more information regarding test-takers’ personality levels, potentially using fewer items.

Learn how to realize a measurable increase in student engagement and achievement in mathematics through a guided, collaborative, and active process grounded in mathematics. Students and teachers collaboratively devise a data-driven plan of action that moves learning forward for all students and effectively supports at-risk secondary students in urban environments. Learn how teachers in the LMU Math and Science Teaching Program effectively implement assessments as motivations for student achievement and develop opportunities for students to demonstrate comprehension and retention of essential content over time. Students become active participants in the assessment process in an environment where learning is an individual progression and risk-taking is valued and encouraged. Find out how students, guided by teacher-provided descriptive feedback, make decisions in a process of self-reflection in which they critically analyze and compare their learning outcomes to expectations of content mastery. By comparing mastery to current performance, students utilize failure and engage in error analysis to deconstruct prior shortcomings and devise a plan of action that will move learning forward thereby overcoming failure.

當創新總是發生在不同專業領域的交界之處，團隊成員之間有效的知識互動便成為組織維持其競爭優勢的必要因素，因此為了持續創新，團隊成員必須克服不同專業領域所存在的知識邊界障礙，以便能夠整合團隊成員的知識與專長。在資訊系統的開發過程中，系統分析階段是觀察系統分析人員與使用者知識互動的最佳情境，因此本研究首先探索系統分析情境下影響互動雙方知識分享意願的前因，即創新氣氛與互動雙方的互動投入程度，並檢測這些因素之間的關係及影響。其次，本研究彙整四類邊界物件的內容，即語法的、語意的、實務的與隱喻的邊界物件，探討不同類別的邊界物件之間的關係及對專案創意的影響，並更進一步探究互動雙方的知識分享意願對各類邊界物件的影響。 研究樣本來自258位學生所扮演的系統分析人員及258位業界使用者，研究結果發現創新氣氛會同時影響系統分析人員與使用者的知識分享意願。當系統分析人員的互動投入程度越高，使用者的互動投入程度也會提高。使用者的互動投入程度會正向影響系統分析人員及使用者自身的知識分享意願；但是系統分析人員的互動投入程度卻對使用者的知識分享意願產生直接且負向的影響。 此外，系統分析人員的知識分享意願只對隱喻的邊界物件有正向影響，而使用者的知識分享意願卻對這四類邊界物件皆無顯著影響。在這四類邊界物件之中，只有實務的邊界物件對專案創意具有正向的影響，而隱喻的邊界物件則對於語法的、語意的、實務的邊界物件三者具有正向的影響，因此隱喻的邊界物件可以藉由實務的邊界物件對專案創意產生正向的間接效果。出乎意料之外，語意的邊界物件對專案創意具有負向的影響。在實務方面，本研究建議組織應該藉由增加實務的邊界物件和隱喻的邊界物件，以提高專案創意嶄露的可能性。 / As innovation happens from the boundaries between different specialty domains, effective knowledge interaction among participants has become a competitive necessity for organizations. In order to improve innovation, it is necessary for participants to deal explicitly with the interpretive barriers and further synthesize their expertise. During the development of information system, most knowledge interactions, which are conducted by systems analysts and users, can be observed in the phase of systems analysis. Thus, this study intends to explore not only factors that may affect participants’ intention to share knowledge, but also types of boundary objects in the context of systems analysis. As an innovative organizational climate and participants’ interaction involvement are identified as antecedents of participants’ intention to share knowledge, the relationships among these factors are studied. Besides, while four types of boundary objects are summarized, their effects on project innovativeness are discussed. Then, the influence of participants’ intention to share knowledge on the occurrence of four types of boundary objects was further examined. The results, based on data collected from 258 student analysts and 258 users, indicate that an innovative climate positively and directly influences both systems analysts and users’ intention to share knowledge. While systems analysts’ interaction involvement has a strong influence on users’ interaction involvement, which is measured by responsiveness, perceptiveness and attentiveness, users’ interaction involvement also has positive effects on both systems analysts and users’ intention to share knowledge; unexpectedly, systems analysts’ interaction involvement is negatively related to users’ intention to share knowledge. In addition, while systems analysts’ intention to share knowledge only influences the occurrence of metaphoric boundary objects, users’ intention to share knowledge does not demonstrate any significant effect on four types of boundary objects. Out of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and metaphoric boundary objects, only pragmatic boundary objects had a strong positive effect on project innovativeness. As metaphoric boundary objects are shown to have positive effects on all other three types of boundary objects, metaphoric boundary object affects project innovativeness indirectly through pragmatic boundary objects. Surprisingly, semantic boundary objects negatively affects project innovativeness, although not very strongly. A practical implication is the possibility of increasing project innovativeness by enhancing both pragmatic boundary objects and metaphoric boundary objects.

Recent research has challenged the way in which personality and attitude constructs are measured. Alternatives have been offered as to how non-cognitive responses are modeled, the mode of delivery used when administrating such scales, and the impact of technology in measuring personality. Thus, the major purpose of the studies in this thesis concerns two interrelated issues of personality research, namely the way personality responses are best modeled, and the most optimal mode by which personality items are presented and associated modal issues. Three studies are presented. First, recent developments using an ideal point approach to scale construction are outlined, and an empirical study compares modeling personality items based on an ideal point approach (generalized graded unfolding model; GGUM) and a dominance approach (graded response model: GRM). Second, an extensive review of literature pertaining to the mode effect when transferring paper-and-pencil measures to screen was conducted, in addition to a review of the various types of computerized and innovative items and their associated psychometric information. Finally, nine innovative items were developed using various multimedia features (e.g., video, graphics, and audio) to ascertain the advantages of these methods to present items constructed to elicit response behavior underlying ideal point approaches, namely, typical response behavior. It was found that the dominance IRT model continued to produce superior model-data fit for most items, more attention needs to be placed on developing principles for constructing ideal point type items, the web-based version supplied 20% more construct information than the paper version, and innovative items seem to provide more data-model fit for students with lower personality attributes. While the innovative items may require more initial outlay in terms of time and development costs, they have the capacity to provide more information regarding test-takers’ personality levels, potentially using fewer items.