This master's thesis is focused on problematic of measurent unceartainties in photometry. Theoretical part describes photometric measururing instruments, their uncearnities and limitations. In the second part of this thesis there is a mathematical description of calculating uncearnities in laboratory conditions. In practical part there are calculations of uncearnities for photometric instruments at light laboraty VUT Brno.

PhDRDV / Institute for Rural Development

This dissertation thesis is focused on the theme of the integration of foreign pupils into Czech primary schools. The aim of this thesis is to map and describe in detail the process of integrating and educating foreign pupils in a Czech primary school, and what procedures and strategies the school uses in integrating and educating foreign pupils. The theoretical part of the work provides a basic theoretical and empirical basis, which is based on Czech and foreign literature. Furthermore, the concept of a foreign pupil, including their characteristics and needs in the educational process, is defined. The legislative context of the issue is outlined. An important concept is the emphasis on removing obstacles and barriers in the education of foreign pupils. The thesis deals with the concepts of integration, inclusion, thought of ideas of equality of educational opportunity, multiculturalism, and pedagogical constructivism as ideas to which the Czech school should aim. The theoretical background is then applied in the empirical part, which aimed to achieve an answer to the basic research question: How does the Czech school integrate foreign pupils into the educational process at the primary level? Other specific research questions were formulated. The design of qualitative research was chosen for the...

The purpose of this research was to explore the subject of integrating philosophy of education and the goals of education in education practice at the high schools in Kenya. It is stated that the impact of education practice is hinged in the statement of philosophy of education and the goals of education which has been neglected by researchers and scholars in Kenya. An intensive literature review which was undertaken revealed that philosophy of education and the goals of education are flouted in education practice. The sources of literature review were books, journals, policy documents, dissertations, theses, newspapers, and websites. In this qualitative research, phenomenology was selected as suitable theoretical framework to situate education practice as a human activity which is shaped by philosophy of education and the goals of education. A qualitative design was used, and purposive sampling was identified to select the schools and the respondents. The respondents in this research included the school principals, teachers, education officers, board of governors, and the parents-teachers’ representatives. The main qualitative research methods involved literature review and interviews. In this study, ideograms were utilized in the process of analysing the responses acquired from the respondents. According to the respondents, the statement of philosophy of education is foreign in the high schools, but the goals of education are printed in the syllabi, and this explains why the study focused on the goals as the familiar items. The views obtained from the respondents emphasized on what is envisioned to occur at the high schools, and this explains that the students are estranged from philosophy of education. It was concluded that high school pedagogy is exposed to conflicts in relation to integrating philosophy of education and the goals of education. In this case, the study recommended the following insights to improve the process of integrating philosophy of education, the goals of education, and education practice in Kenya: The necessity of revising the content and material resources of high school syllabi to comprise the attributes of philosophy of education in pedagogical activities.  Another suggestion emphasized on restructuring evaluation strategies to integrate the attributes of social cohesion, human progress and economic development.  The final recommendation is that the teaching and learning activities are necessary to intensify knowledge transfer which articulates the attributes of philosophy of education and the goals of education. / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education))

Model Driven Development is used to improve software quality and efficiency by automatically transforming abstract and formal models into software implementations. This is particularly sensible if the model’s integrity can be proven formally and is preserved during the model’s transformation. A standard to specify software model integrity is the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Another topic of research is the dynamic development of software components, enabling software system composition at component run-time. As a consequence, the system’s verification must be realized during system run-time (and not during transformation or compile time). Many established verification techniques cannot be used for run-time verification. A method to enable model-based run-time verification will be developed during this work. How OCL constraints can be transformed into executable software artifacts and how they can be used in the component-based system Treaty will be the major task of this diploma thesis. / Modellgetriebene Entwicklung dient der Verbesserung von Qualität und Effizienz in der Software-Entwicklung durch Automatisierung der notwendigen Transformationen von abstrakten bzw. formalen Modellen bis zur Implementierung. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn die Integrität der ursprünglichen Modelle formal bewiesen werden kann und durch die Transformation gewährleistet wird. Ein Standard zur Spezifikation der Integrität von Softwaremodellen ist die Object Constraint Language (OCL). Eine weitere Forschungsrichtung im Software-Engineering ist die Entwicklung von dynamischen Komponenten-Modellen, die die Komposition von Softwaresystemen im laufenden Betrieb ermöglichen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Systemverifikation im laufenden Betrieb realisiert werden muss. Die meisten der etablierten Verifikationstechniken sind dazu nicht geeignet. In der Diplomarbeit soll ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik eine Methode zur modellbasierten Verifikation zur Laufzeit entwickelt werden. Insbesondere soll untersucht werden, wie OCL-Constraints zur Laufzeit in ausführbare Software-Artefakte übersetzt und in dem komponentenbasierten System Treaty verwendet werden können.

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Due to the increasingly uncertain environments that global supply chains operate within, both due to component shortages and other types of challenges, the possibility of managing demand variability and balancing it with supply capabilities is getting more challenging. The primary way to deal with these fluctuations in demand is by building flexibility in the supply chain to meet the variations that occur and keep the customers satisfied. However, when flexibility is not enough, and the supply chain becomes increasingly strained due to geopolitical factors and customers demanding higher customizations, more efforts are required to manage the variability. This study investigates the possibility that instead of relying solely on flexibility, try to deal with the variations that arise in demand. This relates both to internal processes that increase variation but also to the variations that are caused by actual changes in demand. The study partly examines what drives internal variation and how one should work to minimize it. Moreover, concerning the external variation, demand shaping theory is applied. This is to understand how external variation can be handled by trying to steer the demand. As the theory in previous studies has primarily been applied in B2C contexts, the applicability of the theory in a B2B context is also examined. Furthermore, the study also investigates how demand and supply should be integrated to utilize the concepts in the best way possible when managing demand variability. The study has been conducted through a case study at Ericsson, where people who work within sales and supply have participated and contributed with their knowledge. The results show the importance of integration between different functions to succeed in managing demand variations and having a more significant impact on what customers buy. This means both clear communication, internally and externally, and the importance of having a unified vision and incentives that drive the company towards the same goal. In addition, the results also show that although the academic literature is mainly aimed at B2C companies, it is possible to apply the concept to B2B companies as well. / Till följd av den alltmer osäkra omvärld som globala leveranskedjor arbetar inom, med både komponentbrist och andra typer av utmaningar, blir det allt svårare att hantera den varierande efterfrågan och balansera den mot den kapacitet som företag besitter. Det primära sättet att hantera dessa fluktuationer i efterfrågan är genom att bygga in flexibilitet för att kunna bemöta de variationer som uppstår och för att behålla kunder nöjda. När flexibiliteten inte räcker till och leveranskedjan blir alltmer ansträngd, på grund av geopolitiska faktorer och kunder som kräver alltmer kundanpassade produkter, behöver man arbeta än mer med att försöka hantera variationen som uppstår. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka möjligheten att, i stället för att enbart förlita sig på flexibilitet, försöka hantera de variationer som uppstår i efterfrågan. Detta relaterar både till interna processer som driver variationen men också de variationer som orsakas av faktiska förändringar i efterfrågan. Studien undersöker vad det är som driver intern variation och hur man bör arbeta för att minimera denna. I relation till den externa variationen, används bland annat demand shaping teori för att förstå hur denna typ av variation kan hanteras genom att försöka ha mer inflytande över vad kunderna väljer att köpa. Då teorin i tidigare studier enbart applicerats i B2C sammanhang, undersöks även om teorin är applicerbar i en B2B kontext. Studien undersöker också hur funktioner inom försäljning och supply bör integreras för att möjliggöra detta. Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på Ericsson där personer som arbetar inom försäljning och supply deltagit och bidragit med sin kunskap. Resultaten visar på vikten av integration mellan olika funktioner för att lyckas hantera demand variationer och på att ha större inverkan på det kunderna köper. Detta innebär tydlig kommunikation både internt och externt, samt värdet av att ha gemensamma mål och incitament som driver företaget mot samma vision. Resultaten visar dessutom på att det finns förutsättningar för att applicera det undersökta konceptet på B2B företag trots att den akademiska litteraturen främst riktat in sig mot B2C företag.

As Sweden ambitiously works toward fulfilling its climate goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2045, the transportation sector emerges as a critical area of focus, given its substantial impact on regional emissions. In achieving these goals, Vehicle to Grid (V2G) stands out as a promising solution for integrating renewable energy sources and balancing the energy ecosystem. The technology is used to not only charge Electric Vehicles (EVs) but also to discharge electricity stored in the battery, presumably during peak demand periods. This thesis aims to explore the integration of V2G within the automotive industry, through a focal lens of the Swedish market and its conditions. The aim is dissected into an investigation and analysis of the acting barriers and drivers of V2G together with an examination of strategic business approaches that automotive manufacturers can employ to facilitate V2G integration and adoption. Through expert interviews and a comprehensive literature review, this study evaluates the current landscape, challenges, and opportunities associated with V2G in the Swedish context, providing insights into practical strategies for automotive manufacturers. The study finds that regulatory uncertainty, economic incentivization, technological and infrastructural readiness, and market dynamics act as significant barriers, while political interest, social consciousness, and legislative action toward sustainability are key drivers. With these barriers and drivers in mind, establishing a clear and secure business landscape for V2G implementation and adoption is outlined as the main aim of a strategic approach. In order to capture the aim of a strategic approach, the thesis proposes actionable strategies for automotive manufacturers to facilitate the integration of V2G, such as stakeholder collaboration, consumer education, and policy advocacy. / Sveriges ambitiösa mål att reducera utsläppet av växthusgaser med 55% till 2030 och att uppnå netto-noll utsläpp till 2045, hänvisar till transportsektorn som ett kritiskt fokusområde givet dess betydande bidrag till regionala utsläpp. I syfte att uppnå dessa mål, står Vehicle to Grid (V2G) som ett lovande alternativ till att integrera förnybara energikällor och balansera energiekosystemet. Tekniken används inte enbart till att ladda elektriska fordon, utan även till att ladda ur energi lagrad i batteriet, förutsättningsvis under perioder då belastningen på elsystemet är hög. Därmed syftar detta arbete till att undersöka integrationen av V2G inom fordonssektorn, genom perspektivet av den svenska marknaden. Arbetets mål är fokuserat på en undersökning av de innefattande barriärerna och drivkrafterna för V2G, tillsammans med en utredning av potentiella strategier för fordonstillverkare för att möjliggöra integration och användande av V2G. Genom att intervjua experter och att genomföra en omfattande litteraturstudie, så utvärderar denna studie det nuvarande landskapet, utmaningar och möjligheter associerade med V2G i en svensk miljö. Detta med syfte att ge insikter i praktiska strategier vilka fordonstillverkare kan tillämpa. Denna studie finner att lagmässig otydlighet, ekonomiska incitament, teknisk och infrastrukturell förberedelse samt marknadsdynamik är dem huvudsakliga barriärerna. Politiskt intresse, social medvetenhet och lagmässigt fokus mot hållbarhet framstår som huvudsakliga drivkrafter. Med barriärena och drivkrafterna i åtanke, är huvudsyftet med en strategi att skapa ett affärslandskap som tydliggör och stöttar integrationen av V2G. Strategins utformning föreslår att samarbete med intressenter, informationsspridning till kunder och förespråkande av stöttande lagmässiga incitament är kritiskt för att V2G ska lyckas.

The success or failure of implementing affirmative action lies with the management of enterprises. This research - based on a literature study, questionnaires completed by 200 respondents and the researcher's model for the implementation of affirmative action - focuses on management's views on aspects of importance for affirmative action to succeed in the enterprise. From the views of management it is clear that • the more closely affirmative action impinges on the career expectations of the current incumbents, the more resistance and non ownership can be expected • the affirmative action message must be communicated sincerely and positively • diversity management must change drastically to focus on educating persons to understand not only themselves, but also others of different backgrounds, race, gender, skills, persuasion and experience • the enterprise needs to accelerate the process to identify potential, training and development processes as well as performance coaching of disadvantaged groups Meeting the above challenges, will require mutual trust, respect and communication. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die bestuur van ondernemings bepaal die sukses of mislukking by die implementering van regstellende optrede. Die navorsing - gebaseer op 'n literatuurstudie, vraelyste ingevul deur 200 respondente en die navorser se model vir die implementering van regstellende optrede - fokus op bestuur se menings aangaande aspekte van belang vir die sukses van regstellende optrede in die onderneming. Vanuit bestuur se menings is dit duidelik dat • hoe grooter inbreuk regstellende optrede maak op die beroepsverwagtinge van die huidige bekleers, hoe sterker weerstand en nie-eienaarskap kan van hulle verwag word • die regstellende optrede boodskap moet eerlik en positief gekommunikeer word • die bestuur van diversiteit se fokus drasties moet verander om individue te leer om nie net hulself nie, maar ook ander van verskillende agtergrond, bevolkingsgroep, geslag, vaardighede, oortuigings en ondervinding te verstaan • die onderneming die prosesse moet versnel wat betrekking het op die identifisering van potensiaal, opleiding en ontwikkeling asook prestasierigleiding van die benadeelde groepe Ten einde aan bogenoemde uitdagings te voldoen, sal wedersydse vertroue, respek en kommunikasie vereis / Economics and Management Sciences / M.Com. (Business Management)

Miljöhänsyn i detaljplanering tillämpas antingen via den ordinarie planprocessen eller via miljöbedömningar enligt Miljöbalken. Denna uppsats har ämnat att undersöka hur de två olika metoderna för miljöhänsyn i detaljplanering tillämpas och vilken påverkan de respektive metoderna  i sin tur har på den fysiska planeringen och det politiska målet om en hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsen grundar sig i utgångspunkten att en integration av miljöaspekter i planeringen är ett önskvärt tillstånd och att miljöbedömningar och annan miljöhänsyn innebär en integrering av miljöaspekter som markerar vägen mot integration. Diskussionen bygger på stridigheter mellan två paradigm - miljövård och planering, prioriteringar och samspel mellan de båda i strävan mot gemensamma övergripande mål.     Uppsatsen visar på ett behov av utvecklat samspel mellan översiktlig planering och detaljplanering, samt mellan ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter. Även ett behov av mer aktivt hänsynstagande till miljön vid detaljplanering uppdagas. Hur detta ska ske är för vidare forskning att söka svar på. / Environmental consideration within the boundaries of Swedish detailed planning is taken either through the standard planning process or Strategic Environmental Assessments as they are described by Swedish law. This paper means to examine how the two different methods of environmental consideration are put to practice and in turn what affect the specific methods have on the spatial planning and the political goal of a sustainable development. The basis for this paper is that an integration of environmental consideration is a desired state, whilst Strategic Environmental Assessments and other forms of environmental consideration are integrating aspects; the road towards integration. The two paradigms, environmental protection and planning, marks the frame for the discussion; priorities and interaction between the two in the strive towards common comprehensive goals.    The paper points towards a need of a developed interaction between comprehensive planning and detailed planning, a developed interaction between ecological, social and economical aspects of a sustainable development and a more active consideration towards the environment in detailed planning. How this is supposed to come about is for further research to explore.