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[pt] O consumerismo é um movimento social que tem o objetivo de equilibrar a relação assimétrica entre compradores (consumidores) e vendedores (empresas). A partir da década de 1980 o movimento evoluiu impondo uma pauta de questões morais, como consumo ético e sustentável, e trazendo mudanças para a relação consumidores-empresas . A Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) pode ser considerada uma resposta a essas crescentes cobranças da sociedade, à medida em que diversos stakeholders têm o papel de representar as expectativas da sociedade perante as empresas, entre elas, as demandas dos consumidores. A despeito da crescente tendência das empresas de adotarem um compromisso formal para serem mais atuantes na sociedade, a literatura sobre consumerismo pouco atenta para este esforço. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar motivações de empresas a reagirem a pressões exercidas por organizações consumeristas. Para isso , foi realizado um estudo de caso que investiga, sob a perspectiva teórica do neo institucionalismo, a relação de uma empresa com duas instituições consumeristas. A análise dos dados mostrou que uma mesma empresa teve motivações e tipos de resposta distintos nas situações analisadas , conforme a influência de sua identidade e comunidades intra organizacionais . Foi possível perceber que a maturidade da causa e o modelo de financiamento influenciam a atuação e o resultado obtido pelas instituições. O presente estudo preenche um gap da literatura sobre consumerismo trazendo a perspectiva das empresas e propõe uma nova abordagem do tema por meio da análise de causas distintas vs uma análise genérica e da aplicação da teoria Neo Institucional. / [en] Consumerism is a social movement that seeks to balance the asymmetric re-lationship between buyers ( consumers) and sellers ( companies). Since the 1980 decade the movement has been evolving to discussions more centered around moral and political themes like ethical and sustainable consumption. This evolution brought changes to the relationship between companies and consumers . Despite the growing trend of companies assuming formal commitments to address social questions, this effort is not recognized in the consumerism literature. The present study aims to analyze, through the lens of the neo institutionalism theory, the organizational field composed by two consumerist organizations and one multinational company, its structure and relationships dynamics. The findings indicated that the same company had different motivations and distinct types of responses to the consumerist organizations pressures according to its identity influence and the strength of its intra organizational communities. Also, it was observed that the development stage of the cause and the funding of the consumerists institutions influence their line of action and therefore their results. The pre-sent study fills a gap in the consumerism literature as it adds the perspective of companies. Moreover, it proposes a new approach with the Neo Institutionalist theory and through the analysis of distinct causes as opposed to a generic analysis of the consumer defense cause.

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Syftet med mitt examensarbete är att få svar på hur en grupp elever i årskurs 9 i tyska funderar över sin språkinlärning i tyska. Utgångspunkten för min kvalitativa undersökning i klassrummet är två texter från Skolverket (2022a) som kartläggningsmaterial i tyska i årskurs 9 för att utmana elevernas läsförståelse genom textläsning och textrelaterade frågor som är införda i det digitala verktyget Wordwall. Det är i grunden ett gratis digitalt verktyg och enkelt att använda i språkundervisningen. Som lärare skapar man innehåll i form av en eller flera Wordwall-aktiviteter kring det valda materialet. Målet med undersökningen är att eleverna ökar sitt ordförråd i samband med dessa texter och på det sättet får kännedom om vanligt förekommande uttryck i texterna. Genom textläsning kan eleverna lära sig nya ord i ett sammanhang som säkert upplevs mer meningsfullt än att endast plugga med hjälp av ordlistor. Huvudresultatet som framkommit i min studie är att eleverna uttryckte sig skriftligt om sina uppfattningar kring sin språkinlärning och Wordwallprojektet. Insikterna dokumenteras med hjälp av en kvalitativ utvärdering av elevernas enkätsvar för att belysa deras uppfattningar. / The purpose of my degree project is to get answers to how a group of Swedish students in grade 9 think about their language learning in German. The starting point för my qualitative investigation in the classroom are two texts from the Swedish National Agency for Education (2022a) as mapping material in German in grade 9 to challenge the students’ reading comprehension through text reading and text-related questions that are introduced in the digital tool Wordwall. It is basically a free digital tool and easy to use in language teaching. As a teacher, you create content in the form of one or more Wordwall activities around the selected material. The goal of the survey is for the students to increase their vocabulary in connection with these texts and in that way gain knowledge of commonly occurring expressions in the texts. By reading texts, students can learn new words in a context that is certainly perceived to be more meaningful than studying only with the help of word lists. The main result that emerged from my study is that the students expressed themselves in writing about their perceptions regarding their language learning and the Wordwall project. The insights are documented using a qualitative evaluation of the students’ survey responses to illuminate their perceptions.

Vocabulary is a crucial component for language acquisition and EFL lessons are often dictated by the usage of textbooks and workbooks. The current study therefore aims to investigate how effective textbooks are in helping learners acquire high, mid, and low-frequency words as well as to what degree high and mid-frequency words are repeated throughout the textbooks. Additionally, the study explores the types of exercises presented in the EFL teaching materials, with a particular focus on the extent to which they promote learners' active engagement and use of the vocabulary presented. The findings suggest that EFL teaching materials could benefit from more comprehensive and systematic approaches to vocabulary instruction, which emphasize the active use and recycling of high and mid-frequency words in meaningful contexts. The present study recommends that teaching materials and EFL teachers incorporate more varied and interactive exercises that promote learners’ active engagement and use of the target vocabulary. Additionally, the study uses corpus-based methods to investigate the frequency level of text bodies compiled from EFL textbooks targeting sixth-grade pupils in Sweden. Furthermore, the accompanying workbooks are examined to establish the types of exercises pupils are exposed to through their use. In addition, the study suggests that teachers using the included teaching materials should incorporate additional vocabulary exercises in their EFL instructions to promote the repetition of words found in the textbooks.

Counterculture history is often divided, with a focus on either the turbulent 1960s or the "back to the land" exodus of the 1970s. A study of Stephen Gaskin and his followers' founding of The Farm, a rural commune near Summertown, Tennessee, provides a unique insight into the commonalities and connections of these two periods. It will be the aim of this thesis to weave the separate narratives of this demographic into one complete idea. The idea that the hippies constituted a counterculture suggests that once that culture went into exile, onto numerous communes, they existed as a diaspora. The Farm's existence as a spiritual commune, with their roots in Haight-Ashbury's short-lived utopian dream, and their continuation and evolution of that dream in Tennessee, make this particular group a model for the diaspora. The Farm, with its larger profile, publishing, and outreach programs, became the preeminent post-Haight-Ashbury commune. The commune was able to preserve the counterculture in exile, while it became a leader in dictating the direction of its progress. The Farm's efforts in midwifery, sustainable living, promotion of vegetarian diets, and outreach in America's inner cities and the Third World all point to a proactive counterculture and the commune's leadership role for the remnants of the counterculture. While the profile of the counterculture has diminished, a shift in American attitudes toward natural childbirth, ecology, and a more earth-friendly diet containing a greater variety of organic and vegetarian options reveal a significant success for their agenda.

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[pt] Em função do ritmo acelerado com que tem surgido inovações de mercado, com as incertezas econômicas, a ascensão de mídias sociais, violações cibernéticas, e diversos outros fatores, os riscos organizacionais tem se tornado cada vez mais complexos e difíceis de serem geridos. É necessário que pensemos em modelos mais completos de representação de informações que possam interpretar os riscos aos quais as empresas estão expostas da maneira mais clara e detalhada possível. A modelagem i-estrela permite que informações sejam representadas sem que sejam excluídos detalhes relevantes para a gestão de riscos das organizações. Este artigo propõe uma modelagem de gestão de riscos por meio do modelo i-estrela, de forma a atender a necessidade de representação de informações complexas no atual ambiente de negócios empresarial. / [en] Due to the accelerated pace with which market innovations have emerged, with economic uncertainties, the rise of social media, security issues, and many other factors, organizational risks have become increasingly complex and challenging to manage. It is essential to think about more complete models of information representation that can interpret the risks to which companies are exposed, as clearly, and detailed as possible. The intentional modeling approach allows information to be represented without excluding details relevant to organizations risk management. This paper proposes a risk management modeling strategy using the iStar language to address the need for enhanced information representation in today s enterprise business environment.