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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 91 to 99 of 99 (0.071 seconds)| 91 |
A microflow cytometer with simultaneous dielectrophoretic actuation for the optical assay and capacitive cytometry of individual fluid suspended bioparticlesRomanuik, Sean 14 September 2009 (has links)
Fluid suspended biological particles (bioparticles) flowing through a non-uniform electric field are actuated by the induced dielectrophoretic (DEP) force, known to be dependent upon the bioparticles’ dielectric phenotypes. In this work: a 10-1000 kHz DEP actuation potential applied to a co-planar microelectrode array (MEA) induces a DEP force, altering passing bioparticle trajectories as monitored using: (1) an optical assay, in which the lateral bioparticle velocities are estimated from digital video; and (2) a capacitive cytometer, in which a 1.478 GHz capacitance sensor measures the MEA capacitance perturbations induced by passing bioparticles, which is sensitive to the bioparticles’ elevations. The experimentally observed and simulated lateral velocity profiles of actuated polystyrene microspheres (PSS) and viable and heat shocked Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells verify that the bioparticles’ dielectric phenotypes can be inferred from the resultant trajectories due to the balance between the DEP force and the viscous fluid drag force.
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Étude de la cinématique HI (21cm) et H-Alpha de la galaxie du Triangle (M33)Kam, Sié Zacharie 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Méthodes de microscopie par holographie numérique interférentielle en couleurs avec un éclairage partiellement cohérentDohet-Eraly, Jérôme 19 April 2017 (has links)
La présente thèse traite de méthodes en microscopie holographique numérique (MHN) en couleurs, avec un éclairage de cohérence spatiale partielle. Le principal inconvénient de la microscopie optique classique est sa faible profondeur de champ, rendant difficile l’observation de phénomènes dynamiques dans des échantillons épais. Au contraire, la MHN offre une reconstruction en profondeur grâce à la propagation numérique de l’hologramme. La MHN interférométrique donne aussi le contraste quantitatif de la phase, utile pour analyser des objets transparents. Un éclairage à plusieurs longueurs d’onde dans une configuration appropriée permet la MHN en couleurs. L’imagerie en flux et en couleurs de particules en MHN est ici développée, avec une méthode pour la correction automatique de la balance des couleurs et des défauts permanents. Elle est appliquée pour l’analyse du plancton dans des échantillons d’eau de surface et fournit des images de haute qualité pour les intensité et phase optiques. En outre, la réduction du bruit obtenue en diminuant la cohérence spatiale de l’éclairage en MHN est également étudiée, avec deux modèles évaluant quantitativement ce phénomène en fonction de la cohérence spatiale de la lumière et de la distance entre la source de bruit et le plan d’enregistrement. De plus, la MHN différentielle est aussi abordée. Celle-ci fournit les phases différentielles, la phase étant calculée par intégration. Cependant, les défauts présents conduisent à des aberrations lors du calcul de la phase, qui affectent sa qualité et empêchent la reconstruction holographique. Un traitement spécifique est développé, permettant la reconstruction numérique en profondeur. Enfin, en MHN, un critère est essentiel pour déterminer automatiquement la distance de netteté de l’objet. Deux critères de netteté sont ici mis au point, fonctionnant indépendamment de la nature de l’objet observé (amplitude, phase ou mixte). L’un, monochromatique, est basé sur l’analyse de l’amplitude et sur un filtrage passe-haut ;l’autre, qui détecte rapidement le plan de netteté en MHN en couleurs, compare la phase dans le domaine de Fourier entre les couleurs. Les méthodes développées dans la thèse montrent le potentiel élevé de la MHN en couleurs avec un éclairage partiellement cohérent spatialement, suggérant un avenir prometteur pour cette technique. / The thesis deals with methods and developments in color digital holographic microscopy (DHM), with a partial spatial coherence illumination. The principal drawback of classical optical microscopy is its poor depth of field, which makes difficult the observation of dynamic phenomena in thick samples. On the contrary, DHM provides reconstruction in depth thanks to numeric propagation of the recorded hologram. Another feature of interferometric DHM is the quantitative phase contrast imaging, useful for analyzing transparent objects. Usual DHM is limited to monochromatic case, but multispectral illumination in an appropriate setup leads to color DHM. Color in-flow imaging of particles in DHM is developed in the thesis, with a method for the automatic correction of color balance and permanent defects. It is applied to analyze plankton microorganisms in untreated pond water samples, and provides high quality images, for both optical phase and intensity. Moreover, noise reduction obtained when decreasing the spatial coherence of the illumination in DHM is also investigated in the thesis, with the development of two models that quantitatively assess the noise reduction as a function of both the spatial coherence of the illumination, and the defocus distance of the noise source. Furthermore, differential DHM (DDHM) is also studied in the thesis. As DHM gives the optical phase, DDHM provides differential phases, from which phase is retrieved by integration. However, misalignments and defects give some aberrations, which affect phase quality and hinder refocusing. A specific hologram processing is developed, giving an accurate phase image and enabling holographic reconstruction in depth. Finally, in DHM, a criterion is essential to automatically achieve the refocusing distance of the object. Two refocusing criteria are developed in the thesis, both working independently of the nature of the observed object (amplitude, phase, or both mixed). The first one, monochromatic, is based on amplitude analysis and on a high-pass filtering process. The second one, which gives fast refocusing in multispectral DHM, compares the phase in the Fourier domain among wavelengths. Methods developed in the thesis show the high potential of color DHM with a partial spatial coherence illumination, suggesting a promising future for this technique. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Design And Analysis Of Integrated Optic Resonators For Biosensing ApplicationsMalathi, S 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis, we have designed and optimized strip waveguide based micro-ring and micro-ring and micro-racetrack resonators for biosensing applications. Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) platform which offers several advantages over other materials such as Lithium Niobate, Silica on Silicon and Silicon nitride is considered here. High index contrast enables us to miniaturize the biosensor devices and monolithic integration of source and detectors on the same chip. We have considered the dispersive nature of the waveguide and proceeded towards optimization.
Finite difference schemes and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methods are the primary tools used to model the biosensor. Various structures such as channel waveguides and beam structures are analyzed on the basis of their suitability for sensing applications. Strip and Rib waveguides are the two geometries considered in our studies.
In an optical guiding structure, effective index of the propagating optical mode can be induced by two different phenomena:
i. Homogeneous Sensing
In this category, effective index of a propagating optical mode changes with uniformly distributed analytes extending over a distance well exceeding the evanescent field penetration depth. The sample serves as the waveguide cover.
ii. Surface Sensing
In the case of surface sensing, analytes bound to the surface of the waveguide. The effective index of an optical mode changes with the refractive index as well as the thickness of an adlayer. A thin layer of adsorbed or bound molecules transported from liquid or gaseous medium serving as waveguide cover is referred as an adlayer. Both homogeneous and surface sensing schemes are addresses in this work.
By bulk sensing method, the characteristics of bioclad covering the device are studied. Optimization of the resonator structure involves the analysis of following parameters:
• Gap between the ring and bus waveguides
• Free spectral range
• Extinction ratio
• Quality factor
We have achieved a maximum bulk sensitivity of 115 nm / RIU with ring waveguide width of 450 nm and bus width of 350 nm which is better than an earlier reported value of
70 nm/ RIU.
We have proposed a novel detection scheme consisting of a micro-racetrack resonator formed over a cantilever structure. The devoice works on the principle of opto-mechanical coupling to detect conformational changes due to biomolecular adherence. BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) and IgG ( Immuno Globulin G) are the two proteins considered in the work. Mechanical analysis of the beam for tensile and compressive stresses and corresponding spectral responses of the racetrack resonators are analyzed both by semi-analytical and method and numerical analyzes. We compared various aspects of rib and strip waveguide racetrack resonators. We have proved by numerical simulation, that the device is capable of distinguishing tensile and compressive stress. Two strip waveguides of dimensions : 450 nm X 220 nm and 400 nm X 180 nm, former supporting both Quasi-TE and Quasi-TM modes where as the second configuration allows only Quasi-TE mode alone. Sensitivity of the cantilever sensor is : 0.3196 x 10-3 nm/ µɛ at 1550 nm wavelength.
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Snímač úhlové rychlosti se Sagnacovým interferometrem / Angular velocity sensor with Sagnac interferometerSkalský, Michal January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with theoretical description of fiber-optic angular velocity sensors, or gyroscopes, and further with design and construction of own sensor of this type. The theoretical part describes problematics of interferometric and resonant fiber-optic gyroscopes. Basic principles and physical limits are described for both types. The main focus is then put on analysis of possible conceptions of these sensors. Solutions using different optical configurations as well as various modulation and signal processing schemes are discussed. The practical part deals with design and construction of own interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope in closed-loop configuration. The gyroscope utilizes all-fiber components including piezoelectric phase modulator and unexpensive single-mode fiber, which are commonly used only for open-loop configurations. To realize closed-loop operation, special modulation scheme based on fully harmonic signal was develeped, which yields linear output within wide dynamic range. This type of modulation requires high level of synchronization achieved by using a field-programmable gate array module. The gyroscope utilizes powerful broadband fiber source, polarizer and Lyot depolarizer which ensure good reciprocity of whole architecture. The parameters of the sensor, obtained by measurement, are even comparable to some sensors using PM fiber, which is much more expensive.
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Caractérisation morphologique de particules de glace par imagerie interférométrique multi-vues pour des applications aéroportées / Morphological characterization of ice particles by multi-view interferometric out-of-focus imaging for airborne applicationsTalbi, Mohamed 27 November 2018 (has links)
Le phénomène de givrage qui se produit durant les vols d’aéronefs, lors de leurs traversées de la troposphère (zone dans laquelle la température peut descendre jusqu’à -60°C) se manifeste par une accrétion de glace sur différentes parties de l’appareil (voilures, réacteurs, sondes de mesure…) mettant en péril la sécurité de celui-ci. Ce phénomène constitue alors une problématique majeure pour la sécurité de l’aviation civile, c’est pourquoi il est nécessaire de développer de nouvelles techniques de mesure afin de détecter et d’éviter les zones à risques. Notre intérêt s’est porté sur l’imagerie interférométrique en défaut de mise au point, une technique optique offrant de nombreux avantages (large champ de mesure, gamme de tailles étudiée étendue [50 μm : quelques millimètres], distance particule/appareil de mesure de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres…). Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, nous avons développé un dispositif d’Imagerie Interférométrique de Particules (IIP) multi-vues permettant de caractériser les cristaux de glace en suspension dans latroposphère. En effet, par comparaison avec des mesures obtenues sur des images nettesenregistrées simultanément, nous avons validé l’utilisation de l’IIP multi-vues pour l’estimation dedimensions de particules de glace avec un taux d’erreur inférieur à 20%. Nous avons égalementproposé différentes approches permettant d’estimer les volumes des particules de glace et mis enévidence la « signature » typique d’une gouttelette en cours de givrage à partir d’images d’IIP.Dans une seconde partie, nous avons validé l’utilisation de l’IIP multi-vues pour le cas complexe oùles interférogrammes d’une paire de particules de glace proches l’une de l’autre se recouvrent etdiscuté des phénomènes de Moiré qui peuvent apparaître et perturber nos mesures. En outre, nousavons étendu le domaine d’utilisation de l’IIP à des milieux moins dilués. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous avons développé un dispositif expérimental innovant nous permettant d’effectuer des mesures d’IIP expérimentales à partir de particules « programmées » sur une matrice de micro-miroirs (DMD). / The icing phenomenon that occurs during aircraft flights during their troposphere crossings (an area where the temperature can drop to -60 ° C) is manifested by an accretion of ice on different parts of the apparatus (wings, reactors, measurement probes ...) endangering the safety of this latter. This phenomenon is therefore a major problem for the safety of civil aviation, that's why it is necessary to develop new measurement techniques to detect and avoid risk's areas. Our interest has been on interferometric out-of-focus imaging, an optical technique offering many advantages (wide measurement field, range of studied sizes extended [50 μm: a few millimeters], distance particle / measuring device several tens of centimeters ...). During this thesis, we have developed a multi-view Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) device to characterize suspended ice crystals in the troposphere. Indeed, by comparison with measurements obtained on in-focus images recorded simultaneously, we have validated the use of multi-view IIP for the estimation of ice particle dimensions with an error rate lower than 20%. We also proposed different approaches to estimate ice particle volumes and highlighted the typical "signature" of a droplet during icing from IIP images.In a second part, we validated the use of multi-view IIP for the complex case where the interferograms of a pair of ice particles close to each other overlap and discuss about Moiré phenomena that may appear and disrupt our measurements. In addition, we have extended the field of use of IIP to less diluted media. Finally, in the last part, we have developed an innovative experimental device allowing us to perform experimental IIP measurements from particles "programmed" on a matrix of micro-mirrors (DMD : Digital Micromirror Device).
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Integrated photonic systems for single photon generation and quantum applicationsSchröder, Tim 08 April 2013 (has links)
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden neuartige integrierte Einzelphotonenquellen (EPQ) und ihre Anwendung für die Quanteninformationsverarbeitung entwickelt und untersucht. Die Erzeugung von Einzelphotonen basiert auf einzelnen Defektzentren in nanometergroßen Diamantkristallen mit einzigartigen optischen Eigenschaften: Stabilität bei Zimmertemperatur ohne optisches Blinken. Diamantkristalle mit Größen bis unter 20nm wurden mit neuartigen „pick-and-place“ Techniken (z.B. mit einem Atomkraftmikroskop) in komplexe photonische Strukturen integriert. Zwei unterschiedliche Ansätze für die Realisierung der neuartigen EPQ wurden verfolgt. Beim ersten werden fluoreszierende Diamantkristalle in nano- und mikrometergroße Faser-basierte oder resonante Strukturen in einem „bottom-up“ Ansatz integriert, dadurch werden zusätzliche optische Komponenten überflüssig und das Gesamtsystem ultra-stabil und wartungsfrei. Der zweite Ansatz beruht auf einem Festkörperimmersionsmikroskop (FIM). Seine Festkörperimmersionslinse wirkt wie eine dielektrische Antenne für die Emission der Defektzentren. Es ermöglicht die höchsten bisher erreichten Photonenzählraten von Stickstoff-Fehlstellen von bis zu 2.4Mcts/s und Einsammeleffizienzen von bis zu 4.2%. Durch Anwendung des FIM bei cryogenen Temperaturen wurden neuartige Anwendungen und fundamentale Untersuchungen möglich, weil Photonenraten signifikant erhöht wurden. Die Bestimmung der spektralen Diffusionszeit eines einzelnen Defektzentrums (2.2µs) gab neue Erkenntnisse über die Ursachen von spektraler Diffusion. Spektrale Diffusion ist eine limitierende Eigenschaft für die Realisierung von Quanteninformationsanwendungen. Das Tisch-basierte FIM wurde außerdem als kompakte mobile EPQ mit Ausmaßen von nur 7x19x23cm^3 realisiert. Es wurde für ein Quantenkryptographie-Experiment implementiert, zum ersten Mal mit Siliziumdefektzentren. Des Weiteren wurde ein neues Konzept für die Erzeugung von infraroten EPQ entwickelt und realisiert. / The presented thesis covers the development and investigation of novel integrated single photon (SP) sources and their application for quantum information schemes. SP generation was based on single defect centers in diamond nanocrystals. Such defect centers offer unique optical properties as they are room temperature stable, non-blinking, and do not photo-bleach over time. The fluorescent nanocrystals are mechanically stable, their size down to 20nm enabled the development of novel nano-manipulation pick-and-place techniques, e.g., with an atomic force microscope, for integration into photonic structures. Two different approaches were pursued to realize novel SP sources. First, fluorescent diamond nanocrystals were integrated into nano- and micrometer scaled fiber devices and resonators, making them ultra-stable and maintenance free. Secondly, a solid immersion microscope (SIM) was developed. Its solid immersion lens acts as a dielectric antenna for the emission of defect centers, enabling the highest photon rates of up to 2.4Mcts/s and collection efficiencies of up to 4.2% from nitrogen vacancy defect centers achieved to date. Implementation of the SIM at cryogenic temperatures enabled novel applications and fundamental investigations due to increased photon rates. The determination of the spectral diffusion time of a single nitrogen vacancy defect center (2.2µs) gave new insights about the mechanisms causing spectral diffusion. Spectral diffusion is a limiting property for quantum information applications. The table-top SIM was integrated into a compact mobile SP system with dimension of only 7x19x23cm^3 while still maintaining record-high stable SP rates. This makes it interesting for various SP applications. First, a quantum key distribution scheme based on the BB84 protocol was implemented, for the first time also with silicon vacancy defect centers. Secondly, a conceptually novel scheme for the generation of infrared SPs was introduced and realized.
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Untersuchung photorefraktiver Materialien mittels optischer Ptychographie / Investigation of photorefractive materials using optical ptychographyBernert, Constantin 05 January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die neuartige Mikroskopiemethode der Ptychographie für die Untersuchung photorefraktiver Materialien genutzt. Photorefraktive Materialien zeichnen sich durch die Generation lichtinduzierter Brechungsindexänderungen aus. Die Ptychographie bietet die Möglichkeit, neben der generierten Brechungsindexänderung im photorefraktiven Material auch die für die Generation genutzte Intensitätsverteilung des Laserstrahls zu bestimmen. Es wird sowohl die Abhängigkeit der Brechungsindexänderung von der Zeit der Generation als auch die Abhängigkeit von der Polarisation des Lasers gemessen. Durch den Vergleich der gewonnenen Werte mit einer numerischen Simulation des photorefraktiven Effekts werden mikroskopische Parameter der lichtinduzierten Ladungswanderung ermittelt. Zudem wird aus der polarisationsabhängigen ptychographischen Messung das Raumladungsfeld und die korrespondierende Ladungsdichte im Material berechnet. Die Ptychographie liefert damit einen neuen Zugang zum quantitativen Verständnis der Photorefraktivität. / In the present thesis the novel microscopy technique of ptychography is applied to the investigation of photorefractive materials. Photorefractive materials exhibit a change of the refractive index due to the exposure to light. The method of ptychography determines the refractive index change of the material together with the intensity distribution of the laser beam that was used for its generation. In one part of the experiment the time dependence of the refractive index change versus the generation time is investigated, in the other part of the experiment the dependence of the refractive index change to the polarisation of the laser beam is examined. Microscopic parameters of the photorefractive charge migration are determined with the utilisation of a numerical simulation of the photorefractive effect and its comparison with the measurement. Finally, the whole space charge field with the corresponding space charge density is calculated from a set of ptychographic measurements of one refractive index change with different polarisation directions of the laser. The presented experiments and their evaluation show, that the method of ptychography opens a new possibility for a quantitative understanding of the photorefractive effect.
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Untersuchung photorefraktiver Materialien mittels optischer PtychographieBernert, Constantin 04 October 2016 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die neuartige Mikroskopiemethode der Ptychographie für die Untersuchung photorefraktiver Materialien genutzt. Photorefraktive Materialien zeichnen sich durch die Generation lichtinduzierter Brechungsindexänderungen aus. Die Ptychographie bietet die Möglichkeit, neben der generierten Brechungsindexänderung im photorefraktiven Material auch die für die Generation genutzte Intensitätsverteilung des Laserstrahls zu bestimmen. Es wird sowohl die Abhängigkeit der Brechungsindexänderung von der Zeit der Generation als auch die Abhängigkeit von der Polarisation des Lasers gemessen. Durch den Vergleich der gewonnenen Werte mit einer numerischen Simulation des photorefraktiven Effekts werden mikroskopische Parameter der lichtinduzierten Ladungswanderung ermittelt. Zudem wird aus der polarisationsabhängigen ptychographischen Messung das Raumladungsfeld und die korrespondierende Ladungsdichte im Material berechnet. Die Ptychographie liefert damit einen neuen Zugang zum quantitativen Verständnis der Photorefraktivität.:1 Einleitung
2 Theoretische Vorbetrachtungen
2.1 Ptychographie
2.1.1 Messung
2.1.2 Modell und Rekonstruktion
2.1.3 Ortsauflösung
2.2 Photorefraktiver Efekt
2.2.1 Lithiumniobat - Musterbeispiel für die Photorefraktivität
2.2.2 Ein-Zentrum-Modell
2.2.3 Brechungsindexänderung
2.2.4 Hohe Intensitäten
2.3 Raumladungsfeld
2.3.1 Ableitung des Feldes aus den Messgrößen
2.3.2 Raumladungsverteilung
2.3.3 Oberflächendeformation
2.3.4 Dynamik der Ladungen und des Feldes
3 Messungen
3.1 Proben
3.1.1 Ptychographische Teststruktur
3.1.2 LiNbO3:Fe
3.2 Versuchsanordnung
3.2.1 Experimenteller Aufbau
3.2.2 Grenze der Ortsauflösung
3.2.3 Charakterisierung des Laserstrahls
3.2.4 Experimentelle Überprüfung der Näherungen
3.3 Dynamik der Brechungsindexänderung
3.4 Polarisationsabhängigkeit der Brechungsindexänderung
4 Auswertung
4.1 Dynamik des Raumladungsfeldes und der Ladungen
4.1.1 Simulation
4.1.2 Vergleich zwischen Messung und Simulation
4.1.3 Dynamik der Ladungsverteilung
4.1.4 Fazit
4.2 Berechnung des Raumladungsfeldes
4.2.1 Raumladungsfeld und Ladungsverteilung
4.2.2 Simulation
4.2.3 Asymmetrie der Ladungsverteilung
4.2.4 Fazit
5 Zusammenfassung
Appendizes
A Physikalische Konstanten
B Tensoren für LiNbO3
C Ungenäherte Herleitung der Brechungsindexänderung
D Implementierung eines iterativen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Dynamik
des Ein-Zentrum-Modells
E Quelltext der Implementierung des iterativen Verfahrens
Literaturverzeichnis / In the present thesis the novel microscopy technique of ptychography is applied to the investigation of photorefractive materials. Photorefractive materials exhibit a change of the refractive index due to the exposure to light. The method of ptychography determines the refractive index change of the material together with the intensity distribution of the laser beam that was used for its generation. In one part of the experiment the time dependence of the refractive index change versus the generation time is investigated, in the other part of the experiment the dependence of the refractive index change to the polarisation of the laser beam is examined. Microscopic parameters of the photorefractive charge migration are determined with the utilisation of a numerical simulation of the photorefractive effect and its comparison with the measurement. Finally, the whole space charge field with the corresponding space charge density is calculated from a set of ptychographic measurements of one refractive index change with different polarisation directions of the laser. The presented experiments and their evaluation show, that the method of ptychography opens a new possibility for a quantitative understanding of the photorefractive effect.:1 Einleitung
2 Theoretische Vorbetrachtungen
2.1 Ptychographie
2.1.1 Messung
2.1.2 Modell und Rekonstruktion
2.1.3 Ortsauflösung
2.2 Photorefraktiver Efekt
2.2.1 Lithiumniobat - Musterbeispiel für die Photorefraktivität
2.2.2 Ein-Zentrum-Modell
2.2.3 Brechungsindexänderung
2.2.4 Hohe Intensitäten
2.3 Raumladungsfeld
2.3.1 Ableitung des Feldes aus den Messgrößen
2.3.2 Raumladungsverteilung
2.3.3 Oberflächendeformation
2.3.4 Dynamik der Ladungen und des Feldes
3 Messungen
3.1 Proben
3.1.1 Ptychographische Teststruktur
3.1.2 LiNbO3:Fe
3.2 Versuchsanordnung
3.2.1 Experimenteller Aufbau
3.2.2 Grenze der Ortsauflösung
3.2.3 Charakterisierung des Laserstrahls
3.2.4 Experimentelle Überprüfung der Näherungen
3.3 Dynamik der Brechungsindexänderung
3.4 Polarisationsabhängigkeit der Brechungsindexänderung
4 Auswertung
4.1 Dynamik des Raumladungsfeldes und der Ladungen
4.1.1 Simulation
4.1.2 Vergleich zwischen Messung und Simulation
4.1.3 Dynamik der Ladungsverteilung
4.1.4 Fazit
4.2 Berechnung des Raumladungsfeldes
4.2.1 Raumladungsfeld und Ladungsverteilung
4.2.2 Simulation
4.2.3 Asymmetrie der Ladungsverteilung
4.2.4 Fazit
5 Zusammenfassung
Appendizes
A Physikalische Konstanten
B Tensoren für LiNbO3
C Ungenäherte Herleitung der Brechungsindexänderung
D Implementierung eines iterativen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Dynamik
des Ein-Zentrum-Modells
E Quelltext der Implementierung des iterativen Verfahrens
Literaturverzeichnis
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