Submitted by Jean Michel Pimentel Rocha null (jeanpimentel_sp@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-13T00:13:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Jean Michel Pimentel Rocha.pdf: 7641896 bytes, checksum: 2633c2aa0b97f8ba1b6073618c876b12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-17T15:07:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_jmp_me_sjrp.pdf: 7641896 bytes, checksum: 2633c2aa0b97f8ba1b6073618c876b12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T15:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_jmp_me_sjrp.pdf: 7641896 bytes, checksum: 2633c2aa0b97f8ba1b6073618c876b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa, ancorada no aporte teórico da Linguística de Corpus e da Fraseologia, áreas cujo diálogo tem possibilitado a descrição e análise de padrões linguísticos, em especial os lexicais, a partir de corpora, teve por objetivo desenvolver um estudo teórico-metodológico acerca dos procedimentos necessários ao levantamento e à análise sintático-morfológica, léxico-semântica e tradutológica das colocações especializadas extraídas do corpus paralelo, em inglês e em espanhol, constituído pelos anuários (1968-2010) da UNCITRAL (Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Direito do Comércio Internacional); e de dois corpora comparáveis em português: um compilado pela ferramenta BootCat Front End (ZANCHETTA; BARONI; BERNARDINI, 2011) e, outro, pela coleta de textos online da área do Direito Comercial Internacional. Com base neste estudo, determinamos as colocações funcionalmente equivalentes (TOGNINI-BONELLI; MANCA, 2004) em português e elaboramos uma proposta de glossário trilíngue nas direções tradutórias inglês>espanhol>português, na área supracitada. Extraímos cerca de 200 bases candidatas a integrar o glossário, orientando-nos pelo método N-gram/cluster analysis e cooccurrence analysis (GRANGER, PAQUOT, 2008), mais especificamente, pela utilização das ferramentas Concord, Keywords e Wordlist do programa WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012). Dessas, elegemos a base contract como modelo de análise a ser aplicada às demais. As colocações que dela se desdobram, estruturam-se, do ponto de vista sintático-morfológico, em colocações nominais, adjetivais e verbais. Quanto aos aspectos léxico-semânticos e tradutológicos, observamos muitos casos de variação colocacional, principalmente, nos níveis lexical e morfossintático, ora estruturando-se em um sintagma preposicionado ora em um sintagma nominal. Notamos, ainda, colocações, nas línguas portuguesa e espanhola, que apresentaram empréstimos em pelo menos um de seus constituintes. Além disso, há um grande número de colocações com similaridade ortográfica entre as línguas. Em nossas análises, defendemos que as colocações especializadas e suas variantes lexicais não podem ser perfeitamente sinônimas, já que não podemos afirmar categoricamente que uma substitui a outra em qualquer contexto. Conforme os dados analisados, as colocações especializadas podem estabelecer entre si uma relação parassinonímica, isto é, compartilham semas em comum. Argumentamos, também, que há uma relação de equivalência funcional entre as colocações descritas nos idiomas investigados, considerando que elas permeiam o léxico jurídico-comercial de línguas distintas, fruto de distintas tradições linguístico-culturais, o que pode acarretar mudanças de significado, por vezes sutis, que não permitem entendê-las como totalmente equivalentes. A pesquisa que se apresenta é de relevância para a fraseologia jurídico-comercial, pois a descrição dos padrões sintagmáticos, léxico-semânticos e tradutológicos das colocações pode auxiliar no reconhecimento das características linguísticas da área, visto que poucos são os trabalhos desenvolvidos, especialmente em relação às colocações especializadas e colocações especializadas estendidas. Ademais, o resultado prático, isto é, a proposta de glossário de colocações, poderá trazer contribuições aos tradutores, aprendizes e demais interessados na tradução e redação de documentos nas línguas estudadas. / This research, anchored in the theoretical background of Corpus Linguistics and Phraseology, areas whose dialogue has enabled descriptions and analysis of linguistic patterns, especially the corpus-based lexical ones, aimed at the development of a theoretical and methodological study on the necessary procedures for the extraction, syntactic-morphological, lexical-semantic and translational analysis of specialized collocations from a parallel corpus in English and Spanish, consisting of the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) yearbooks (1968 – 2010); and from two comparable corpora in Portuguese: one of them compiled using the BootCat Front End tools (ZANCHETTA; BARONI; BERNARDINI, 2011) and the other one by collecting online texts from the field of International Trade Law. On the basis of that, we determined the functionally equivalents collocations (TOGNINI-BONELLI; MANCA, 2004) in Portuguese and elaborated a proposal for a trilingual glossary in the translation directions English>Spanish>Portuguese in the above area. We extracted about 200 bases candidates to be included in the glossary entries, guided by the N-gram/cluster and cooccurrence analysis methods (GRANGER, PAQUOT, 2008), more specifically, by the use of the tools Concord, Keywords and Wordlist of the software WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012). Among the 200 extracted candidates, we chose the base contract as an analytical model to be applied to the others. The collocations of this base are structured, from a syntactic-morphological point of view, in nominal, adjectival and verbal collocations. Regarding the lexical-semantic and translational aspects, there are several cases of collocational variation. They vary mainly in the lexical and morphosyntactic levels and are structured in prepositional and noun phrases. We also observed collocations, in Portuguese and Spanish, which have words borrowed from English in at least one of its constituents. In addition, there are a large number of collocations which have orthographic similarities among the languages. In our analysis, we defend that specialized collocations and its lexical variants cannot be seen as perfect synonyms, since we cannot state categorically that one can replace the other in any context. According to the data, specialized collocations may establish among themselves a parasynonymic relationship, that is, they share semes in common. We also argue that there may be a functionally equivalence among the collocations described, considering the fact that they involve the legal and commercial lexicon of distinct languages, resulted from distinct linguistic and cultural traditions, which can entail changes, even though subtle, in their meanings that cannot allow us to understand them as fully equivalents. The research presented is relevant to the legal and commercial phraseology, as the description of syntagmatic and lexical-semantic patterns as well as translational aspects of collocations can aid in the recognition of linguistic features of the area, since there are few works developed, especially regarding specialized and extended collocations. Moreover, its practical outcome, that is, the glossary proposal can also bring contributions to translators, learners and other interested parties in the translation and editing of documents in the languages studied.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of international trade in Czechoslovakia from the end of World War II to the period of "sovietization". The author will examine foreign trade during the first post war years. He will concentrate on international trade in Czechoslovakia during 1945 -- 1953, especially on the problem of restricting trade with West European countries and strengthening ties with the Eastern bloc. The contribution of this paper consists mainly of creating a compact view of Czechoslovakian foreign trade after World War II until the end of the first five year plan (after the communist revolution).

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as relações entre os preços do boi vivo praticados na Argentina e no Brasil de sorte a que tanto empresas como governos possam ter medidas mais precisas do grau em que devem levar em conta os efeitos da evolução da produção e do comércio interno e externo da Argentina sobre o mercado interno do Brasil. Para tanto, foi elaborado um modelo de Auto-Regressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro - VEC que considerou as variáveis preço do boi no Brasil (US$/kg), preço do boi na Argentina (US$/kg); taxa de câmbio euro/dólar e preço da carne bovina no atacado da União Européia (US$/kg). Os resultados indicaram que efeito de choques nos preços do boi na Argentina em relação preço do Brasil é muito pequeno. Já o efeito de choques de preços do boi no Brasil sobre o preço na Argentina, embora pequeno, é positivo e superior ao impacto que os preços argentinos possuem sobre o boi brasileiro. Após os dois primeiros meses, um choque de 1% no preço no Brasil, levaria os preços argentinos a subir cerca de 0,25% indicando que possíveis aumentos de preços do boi no Brasil sejam repassados aos preços de exportação, o que causaria um aumento da demanda por carne argentina em mercados concorrentes, e conseqüentemente, por boi daquele país. Choques no preço da carne no atacado da União Européia impactam negativamente os preços no Brasil corroborando a hipótese de que os aumentos de preços na União Européia são geralmente puxados por redução das importações por outras razões que não as forças do mercado. Comportamento oposto é observado sobre os preços na Argentina. / The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between live cattle prices in Brazil and in Argentina so that both companies and government could have more accurate measures on the effects of Argentinas evolution of production and internal/external trade on Brazilian market. In order to achieve this goal a Vector Autoregression with Error Correction Model - VEC was elaborated taking into account the following set of variables a) live cattle prices in Brazil and Argentina (USD/kg); b) Exchange rate Euro/Dollar; c) wholesale beef prices in the European Union (USD/kg). The results indicated that a shock in live cattle prices in Argentina has a very low impact on Brazilian prices. On the other hand, shock in Brazils live cattle price, although small, is positive and higher than that caused by Argentinas shocks on Brazils prices. After the two first months, a shock of 1% in Brazils cattle price would cause an increase of 0,25% in Argentinean prices, indicating that a rise in cattle prices in Brazil is passed on to export prices, which would enhance the demand for Argentinean beef in competitive markets. Shocks on wholesale beef prices in the EU have a negative influence on Brazils prices, which corroborates the hypothesis that a rise in EU beef prices are usually explained by a reduction in imports for reasons others than market forces. The opposite behavior happens in the case of Argentina.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Rafael Leite Pinto de Andrade.pdf: 2052684 bytes, checksum: 572c21efa815c459377bf79668a2251e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / The proposal of the thesis was to identify and analyze the most important positive consequences, stemming from the efforts of brazilian export companies of products related to agribusiness, to overcome the non-tariff barriers imposed by the companies and / or importing countries. These consequences are little explored in discussions and can be considered as external to the process of implementation of non-tariff barriers. In order to make the proposed work would be feasible, the chain's beef was elected as a target of further studies, the fact that an item be expressive of the Tariff Brazilian export, and because the wide variety of norms, standards and regulations of these products, widespread in all the links of its production chain. The results point to the need to create instruments of Brazil institutional and technical competence in order to administer and live in the best way possible with the inexorable increase in the presence of technical barriers to trade in agricultural products. Finally, although not always be possible to establish a direct relationship of cause and effect, the study developed to say that there is a close correlation between the movements in the interests of overcoming the technical barriers in world trade in products of agribusiness, and the benefits to Brazilian society as a whole. Benefits have been identified related to: technological development, the environment, improvement of legislation, aggregation of trade blocs, managerial innovation, reduce competition, maintain competitive advantage and labor relations. In this context, the chain of meat proved a good example for the hypothesis raised, because all segments studied showed, albeit in different degrees, the conversion of the requirements of international buyers in benefits for the internal market and for the Brazilians in general. / A proposta da tese consiste em identificar e analisar as conseq??ncias positivas mais relevantes, advindas do esfor?o das empresas brasileiras, e exportadoras de produtos relacionados ao agroneg?cio, para superarem as barreiras n?o-tarif?rias impostas pelas empresas e/ou pa?ses importadores. Estas conseq??ncias s?o pouco exploradas nos debates e podem ser consideradas como sendo externalidades ao processo de implementa??o das barreiras n?o-tarif?rias. De modo a fazer com que o trabalho proposto fosse exeq??vel, a cadeia da carne bovina foi eleita como alvo mais aprofundado dos estudos, pelo fato desta ser um item expressivo da pauta de exporta??o brasileira, e devido a grande variedade de normas, padr?es e regulamentos, disseminados por todos os elos de sua cadeia produtiva. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade do Brasil criar instrumentos institucionais e compet?ncia t?cnica de forma a administrar e conviver da melhor forma poss?vel com o inexor?vel aumento da presen?a das barreiras t?cnicas ao com?rcio de produtos agropecu?rios. Finalmente, embora nem sempre seja poss?vel estabelecer uma rela??o direta de causa e efeito, o estudo desenvolvido permite afirmar que h? uma correla??o estreita entre os movimentos em prol da supera??o das barreiras t?cnicas do com?rcio mundial de produtos do agroneg?cio, e benef?cios para a sociedade brasileira como um todo. Foram identificados benef?cios relacionados: ao desenvolvimento tecnol?gico, meio-ambiente, legisla??o nacional, agrega??o de blocos comercias, inova??es gerenciais, redu??o de concorr?ncia, manuten??o de vantagem competitiva e rela??es trabalhistas. Neste contexto, a cadeia da carne mostrou ser um bom exemplo para a hip?tese levantada, pois todos os segmentos estudados apresentaram, ainda que em graus distintos, a convers?o das exig?ncias dos compradores internacionais em benef?cios para o mercado interno e para os brasileiros de modo geral.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-17T19:16:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alícia Cechin_.pdf: 515927 bytes, checksum: 0cbde681385e2cdfaa91d02496e274b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T19:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alícia Cechin_.pdf: 515927 bytes, checksum: 0cbde681385e2cdfaa91d02496e274b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O aumento dos Acordos Preferenciais de Comércio (APCs) tem modificado o cenário do comércio internacional. No caso brasileiro, o país se mostra relativamente isolado no cenário das negociações comerciais preferenciais, não possuindo um conjunto de acordos comerciais importantes com parceiros extra-regionais. Nesse sentido, o estudo busca examinar através de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável (GTAP), os efeitos que a criação de APCs com importantes parceiros comerciais do Brasil teria sobre variáveis-chave para a economia, especialmente bem-estar e comércio internacional. Além das reduções das tarifas de importação, o trabalho também explorou os efeitos da redução das barreiras não-tarifárias (BNTs). Os impactos da formação de acordos de livre comércio geralmente se concentram naqueles setores mais protegidos antes da criação do bloco. Nas simulações realizadas neste trabalho, isso também se observou. Os resultados mostraram um aumento expressivo nas exportações de produtos primários e de baixa intensidade tecnológica, quando simulada a redução parcial e plena das tarifas de importação, no entanto quando simula-se além da redução das tarifas de importação a redução das BNTs, verifica-se que o sistema produtivo brasileiro pode ser afetado de diferente forma. Com a redução plena de tarifas e BNTs, as exportações brasileiras de setores de maior conteúdo tecnológico seriam as mais beneficiadas, enquanto a liberalização parcial das BNTs, além de reduzir a magnitude das exportações em todos os acordos, iria estimular mais setores de menor conteúdo tecnológico em vários acordos. No que se refere ao ganho de bem-estar, verifica-se o mesmo comportamento das exportações, mas quando ocorre a redução das BNTs, o maior ganho de bem-estar é obtido em setores de maior intensidade tecnológica. / The increase in the PTAs (Preferential Trade Agreements) has modified the international trade scenario, in the case of Brazil, the country appears to be relatively isolated in the context of trade negotiations, lacking a set of important trade agreements with extra-regional partners. In this sense, the study seeks to examine, through a computable general equilibrium model (GTAP), the effects that the creation of PTAs with important trade partners of Brazil would have on key variables for the economy, especially welfare and trade International. In addition to the reduction of import tariffs, the work also explored the effects of reducing non-tariff barriers (NTBs). The impacts of forming free trade agreements generally focus on those sectors most protected before the bloc was created. In the simulations performed in this work, this was also observed. The results show a significant increase in exports of primary products and low technological intensity, when simulated the partial and full reduction of import tariffs, however, when the reduction of NTBs is allowed in addition to the reduction of import tariffs, it is verified that the Brazilian productive sector can be affected differently. With the full reduction of tariffs and NTBs, Brazilian exports of sectors with higher technological content would be the most benefited, while the partial liberalization of NTBs, besides reducing the magnitude of exports in all agreements, would stimulate more sectors of lower technological content in most agreements. With regard to welfare gains, the same behavior of exports is observed, when reduction of NTBs occur, the greatest welfare gain is obtained in sectors of higher technological intensity.

Liberalisation of trade is deepening, and so have the incentive schemes put in place by a number of countries to promote it. International trade promotion agencies in developing countries are actively promoting their countries as the best, with which to trade. With international trade emerging as a favourite source of revenue and technology transfer for most countries, profound questions about the impact of trade liberalisation to economic growth are addressed in this study. The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between trade liberalisation and economic growth in Zimbabwe using annual time series data from 1980 to 2017. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) are applied in order to investigate the long run and short run impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth. The results proved the existence of a positive long-run relationship between trade liberalisation and economic growth. The study therefore concludes that policy makers and government negotiators in Zimbabwe should introduce policies that promote openness through the removal of barriers to trade and export promotion in order to promote overall growth of the economy. / Economics / M. Com (Economics)

<p>Economics is about the management of scare resources. In agricultural production, water stress and excess heat are the main constraints. The three essays of this dissertation try to improve our understandings of how climate and water resources interact with agricultural markets, and how global changes in agricultural markets may affect water resources. I construct empirical and simulation models to explain the interplay between agriculture and water. These models integrate economic theories with environmental sciences to analyze the hydroclimatic and economic information at different geospatial scales in a changing climate. </p> <p>In the first essay, I illustrate how irrigation, as a potential adaptation channel, can reduce the volatility of crop yields and year-on-year variations caused by the projected heat stress. This work includes estimation of yield response to climate variation for irrigated and rainfed crops; and global projections of change in the mean and the variation of crop yields. I use my estimated response function to project future yield variations using NASA NEX-GDDP climate data. I show that the impact of heat stress on rainfed corn is around twice as big as irrigated practices. </p> <p>In the second essay, I establish a framework for estimating the value of soil moisture for rainfed production. This framework is an extension of Schlenker and Roberts (2009) model enabled by the detailed soil moisture information available from the Water Balance Model (WBM). An important contribution is the introduction of a cumulative yield production function considering the daily interaction of heat and soil moisture. I use this framework to investigate the impacts of soil moisture on corn yields in the United States. However, this framework can be used for the valuation of other ecosystem services at daily basis.</p> <p>In the third essay, I have constructed a model that explains how the global market economy interacts with local land and water resources. This helps us to broaden the scope of global to local analysis of systems sustainability. I have employed SIMPLE-G-W (a Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use, and the Environment- Gridded Water version) to explain the reallocation across regions. The model is based on a cost minimization behavior for irrigation technology choice for around 75,000 grid cells in the United States constrained by water rights, water availability, and quasi-irreversibility of groundwater supply. This model is used to examine the vulnerability of US land and water resources from global changes.</p>

The thesis Legal Aspects of Withdrawal from the EU is divided into two parts. The theoretical part sums up the legislation of the withdrawal according to article 5O of the Lisbon Treaty. There is also an example of withdrawal from the EU before the article 50 has been even applied. The section dedicated to the practical results attained from the research was completed by analysing existing preferential agreements, which the UK has owing to EU, as any other member state. Then the same analysis has been carried out with existing preferential agreements, that the UK concluded with third countries. There has been done a forecast of the trade balance and its effect on GDP for the next two years according to the prediction of the Bank of England.

O comércio internacional de serviços é cada dia mais importante para as economias nacionais e para o comércio global. Por esse motivo, a liberalização comercial do setor de serviços tem sido objeto da maioria dos acordos regionais de comércio celebrados a partir de 1990. As normas sobre serviços estabelecidas por esses acordos coexistem com as normas do GATS, criadas no âmbito da OMC. Não obstante, o Brasil e o Mercosul celebraram pouquíssimos acordos regionais de comércio, apenas no eixo Sul/Sul. Dentre esses acordos, o único que contém normas e procedimentos concretos para a liberalização do comércio de serviços é o ACE Nº 35, entre Mercosul e Chile. Assim, verifica-se que o Mercosul não possui um modelo claro de normas para a abertura do setor de serviços. Não há diretrizes de política externa comum a respeito do tema, a despeito da relevância econômica desse setor para o Brasil e para os demais Estados-membros do bloco. Por sua vez, os principais players do comércio internacional - Estados Unidos, Índia, China e União Europeia - estão inseridos em redes de preferências comerciais envolvendo bens e serviços, que foram construídas ao longo das últimas décadas. Os acordos regionais celebrados por esses players são um importante parâmetro para um modelo de acordo regional em serviços a ser desenvolvido para o Mercosul. Para que o Brasil e o Mercosul não corram fiquem alijados desse processo de integração econômica, é necessário que se engajem no em negociação de preferências comerciais no setor de serviços com players importantes do comércio internacional. Para tanto, devem desenvolver um modelo próprio de regras para a abertura comercial do setor de serviços em acordos regionais de comércio, de forma a estarem mais capacitados para negociar esses acordos. / International trade in services is becoming more important for national economies and for the global commerce. Therefore, rules for the liberalization of the services sector are included in most of the regional trade agreements executed as of 1990. The rules established by these agreements coexist with the WTO rules established by the GATS. Nevertheless, Brazil and Mercosur have signed very few regional trade agreements, which are exclusively South/South agreements. Among these agreements, the only one that contains specific rules and proceedings for the liberalization of the services sector is ACE N ° 35, between Mercosur and Chile. Thus, Mercosur does not have established a pattern concerning regional trade agreement rules in the services sector. There are no common foreign policy guidelines on the subject, despite the economic importance of this sector for Brazil and for the other Member States. The major international trade players - United States, India, China and the European Union have built trade preferences networks involving goods and services over the past decades. Regional trade agreements concluded by those players are an important parameter for a pattern of regional trade agreement rules related to services to be developed by the Mercosur. In order to avoid that Brazil and Mercosur are excluded from this economic integration process, it is necessary to engage in the negotiation of trade preferences in the service sector with major international trade players. Mercosur should develop its own set of rules for the liberalization of the service sector in regional trade agreements as to become more prepared to negotiate such agreements.

Nous étudions les liens entre commerce international et soutenabilité. D’un point de vue théorique, la soutenabilitéest l’application de la théorie utilitariste à la théorie du capital. La soutenabilité se définit par unegestion équitable des moyens du développement. Il s’agit de préserver un certain niveau de consommation etde richesse tout en développant l’équité inter- et intragénérationnelle sous la contrainte du niveau socialementdéfini de substituabilité en valeur monétire des composants de la richesse. Les gains à l’échange issus du commerceinternational doivent être épargnés et réinvestis dans la mesure où ils sont le fruit d’une réallocationdes ressources au sein du pays considéré. La nature du commerce international a également un impact sur lessentiers de développement. La présence de rendements d’échelle croissants dans la division internationale desprocessus productifs a également un impact sur la soutenabilité. Nous montrons la façon dont les incitationsvenant du commerce international ont un impact joint sur la gestion des dotations dans les pays riches enressources naturelles. Un commerce inter-industries dans les secteurs des biens intensifs en ressources naturellesest un signe probable d’un sentier de développement insoutenable. Nous proposons d’étudier les pays issus del’Union Soviétique pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre institutions et soutenabilité. l’Epargne NetteAjustée (ENA) en Russie évolue de concert avec celle des pays voisins, sans lien avec celle d’autre pays ayantune même dotation en ressources naturelles. Nous préconisons d’utiliser des études contrefactuelles pour évaluerles trajectoires de développement dans un contexte d’uncertitude sur les niveaux réels de richesse globale.L’ensemble de ces éléments nous conduit à revisiter les logiques d’intégration économique dans une optique desoutenabilité. / We endeavour to explore the many ways by which international trade has an impact on sustainability.From a theoretical perspective, sustainability is the application of the utilitarian theory of value on capitaltheory, used to define the interactions between human-being and their environment. We show how sustainabilitycan be understood as sound and equitable management of the means of development, preserving consumptionand wealth over time while fostering intragenerational and intergenerational equity and controlling for moneyvaluesubstitutability. We use Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) to assess how opening economies to trade altersdevelopment paths. We then show how international trade should lead to additional savings, as gains fromtrade resulting from resources reallocation should be reinvested and not consumed. We explore how the natureof trade impacts development paths, showing how increasing returns to scale in the international division of theproduction processes changes factor prices. This should lead to more gains from trade saved and reinvested.We investigate how institutions and trade incentives interact in hindering sustainable management of naturalcapital in resource abundant countries. We show how inter-industry trade in natural resources intensive goodsmight be a sign for unsustainable development paths. To better understand interactions between institutionsand sustainability, we suggest the dislocation of the Soviet Union as a natural experiment. We show how theevolution of ANS in the Russian Federation is closely correlated with the neighbouring countries, regardless ofresources abundance. Counterfactual studies should be used to monitor sustainable development in the wakeof uncertainty and scarce data on comprehensive wealth depreciation. Those elements lead us to conclude onthe necessity to reconsider the rationale for economic integration on sustainability lines.