Depuis près d'un siècle, la circulation monétaire est utilisée par les historiens comme un indicateur de la mise en relation des hommes à travers l'espace et le temps. L'entrée en circulation d'une monnaie unique, l'euro, dans 12 pays européens au 1er janvier 2002 offre la possibilité de retracer les chemins de la mobilité internationale au sein de cet espace. Cette thèse propose de rendre compte des relations banales et spécifiques nouées entre territoires européens à partir de l'analyse des traces complexes formées par la répartition monétaire. La démarche prend appui sur la définition d'un modèle conceptuel permettant de formaliser de façon précise l'internationalisation des flux échangés entre un couple de lieux en un temps donné. Par le biais d'une modélisation empirique, elle met ensuite en correspondance l'intensité, la diversité et la portée de la circulation monétaire d'une part, et les formes de mobilités internationales de l'autre. L'approche hypothético-déductive mise en œuvre se fonde sur l'étude du contenu de plus de 20 000 porte-monnaie enquêtés en France entre juin 2002 et décembre 2011. Une étude de cas sur le Luxembourg permet d'observer ces traces de la mobilité internationale à une échelle spatiale fine. Ces analyses mettent en évidence des facteurs mécaniques de la diffusion des pièces étrangères, ainsi qu'une série d'effets spatiaux, territoriaux et sociaux. Ces derniers sont ensuite intégrés à un modèle de simulation individu-centrée. Cette dernière étape d'analyse permet de tester les interactions possibles entre les différents facteurs de mobilité des pièces au sein d'un formalisme dynamique et multiniveau. La thèse conclut à l'opérabilité de l'analyse de la circulation monétaire pour appréhender, analyser et différencier les chemins et motifs de la mobilité internationale en Europe à différentes échelles.

Ce mémoire présente une réflexion critique sur différentes représentations des religions traditionnelles africaines (RTA) au sein de réseaux régionaux et disciplinaires africains et occidentaux. Dans un premier temps, plusieurs formes de représentations (cartographiques et graphiques) issues de milieux universitaires occidentaux sont explorées pour comparer le traitement des RTA. Cette exploration soulève le problème des catégorisations employées qui ne rendent pas compte de la diversité, du dynamisme, de la complexité et de l’importance des RTA; et de manière plus générale, cette analyse révèle un problème sur le plan de l’équité dans les représentations des religions du monde. À l’aide d’une analyse conceptuelle, un certain nombre de catégories utilisées pour définir les RTA, notamment celle de « religion ethnique », sont remises en question, tout comme la notion de religion du monde (world religion). Dans un deuxième temps, les stratégies de recherche utilisées pour retracer des réseaux de chercheurs africains sont présentées. Différents outils et ressources documentaires occidentaux sont analysés et évalués selon qu’ils donnent accès ou non à la production de chercheurs africains sur les RTA. L’analyse de ces documents, laquelle est inspirée d’une démarche d’analyse de discours, révèle à quel point la contribution des chercheurs africains est peu prise en compte à l’intérieur du corpus sélectionné. Or, l’exploration de la situation actuelle de l’enseignement et de la recherche sur les RTA dans certaines universités du Nigéria met en lumière la somme importante de travaux sur les RTA et la diversité des canaux de communication. En somme, ce mémoire démontre à quel point le savoir est localisé et lié aux ancrages culturels, disciplinaires et idéologiques des chercheurs. Il ouvre, à partir de l’analyse de textes africains, sur la question plus large de la difficulté de la représentation de l’unité et des particularismes des RTA. / This thesis provides a critical analysis of several different representations of African Traditional Religions (ATR) as found within a number of regional and disciplinary networks in Western and African countries. First, numerous means of representation (geographical maps and graphics) from different western scientific media were used to examine different ways in which ATR are represented. This analysis reveals that the categorization systems employed in these media to represent ATR do not reflect the variety, vitality, complexity and significance of ATR; and, on a more general level, reveals a lack of equity in the representations of different world religions. A conceptual analysis puts into question a number of categories (e.g. “ethnic religion”) used to define ATR as well as the notion of world religion. Second, the research strategies that were used to identify African research networks are presented. Several different Western tools and documentary resources (Database, encyclopedic articles, etc) were evaluated on their usage and citations of African research on ATR. This analysis, which was drawn from a qualitative discourse analysis approach, highlights the limited importance that is given to African researchers. In contrast, our evaluation of RTA-related education and research in Nigerian universities reveals an enormous amount of RTA-related research as well as a diversity of communication channels. On a more general level, this thesis demonstrates the extent to which knowledge is localized and linked to the cultural, disciplinary, and ideological presuppositions of researchers, and, from the analysis of African documents, opens to the larger question of the difficulty to represent the unity and specificities of ATR.

The background to this study lies in the discrepancy between the perceptions of international student mobility in the context of the internationalisation of higher education by the EU and universities on one hand and international students themselves in terms of their motivations to study abroad on the other hand. This is a comparative study based on three main case studies, of six universities in New Zealand, Oxford University in the UK and the Charles University in the Czech Republic. It explores the students’ experiences abroad in terms of their intercultural competence, the shaping of identities, the acquisition and transfer of knowledge, the possible forming of cosmopolitan mind-sets and empathy, perceptions of employability and their future mobility aspirations. This thesis also considers the barriers and ‘push and pull’ factors of mobility, perceptions of risk and uncertainty in regards to mobility and the role of serendipity in student mobility, which has been overlooked in the literature on mobility and migration. The theoretical framework of the study builds on social capital theory, Europeanisation and the ‘do-it-yourself biography’ theory. The nature of this topic, however, suggested the employment of the concepts of globalisation, transnationalism and consideration of other forms of capital, such as the total human capital, mobility capital and transnational identity capital. This is predominantly a qualitative, mixed-method and longitudinal research project, which uses surveys, case studies, interviews and the data collecting tool called grounded theory. It triangulates data to support and enhance the analytical validity of the thesis. This research concludes that student experiences abroad as well as the internationalisation efforts of universities and the EU would benefit from the introduction of education for global citizenship, which should focus on the intercultural competencies of students. The thesis suggests sociocultural elements for example the cosmopolitan mind-set can enhance the economic, academic and political rationales of internationalisation, such as employability.

In the lead up to the Year 2000 dot.com crash of publicly traded high-technology equities, Information Communication Technology (ICT) Companies proudly displayed inter-firm allegiances on their newly created websites. These collaborative relationships were in reality licensing agreements to develop or market new products internationally. Phenomena associated with ICT product development - collaboration, innovation, and internationalisation - are the core tenets of the accompanying dissertation. Leading scholars have suggested these phenomena challenge conventional economic theories of the firm. This study commences with tracing the evolution of trade and production theories from absolute advantage through to competitive advantage and introduces the concepts of non-adversarial collaborative advantage. Within the framework of the technology cycle, this dissertation then seeks to answer why firms engage in international collaborative innovation. The cycle of technological innovation is investigated and this leads to postulating a period of technological overlap and its implications for collaboration. One of the shortcomings acknowledged in the literature is the generic application of the term collaboration to cover a wide scope of inter-firm agreements. Within the literature this is referred to as a problem of multidimensionality. A model is developed in this dissertation that identifies the choices available to the firm and addresses the problem of defining collaboration. The choices provided in the developed model are more complex than simply choosing between external and internal intermediate markets. As a separable form of industry organisation, the success rates of alliance collaboration are compared to Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) to validate issues of sustainability before examining the impact of location on innovation and collaboration. Again, theory is tested by recent events that require explanation. These events include the relocation of early stage foreign R&D to both developed and lesser-developed nations. The final chapter assesses the findings throughout this study and identifies separate and distinct roles for large and small firms in the international and collaborative commercialisation of new innovations. This central conclusion requires empirical validation and suggests the need investigate how firms shape the cycle of innovation from a reflected vantage point to the evolutionary perspective taken in this study. Further research is warranted because the literature on international innovation and collaboration is at an early stage and gaps in understanding remain.

No description available.

O crescente aumento da qualidade e produtividade nas indústrias de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS, permitiu às empresas disputar parte do mercado internacional. Produzir e vender tanto no mercado interno como no externo é uma tarefa que exige das empresas um posicionamento estratégico diferenciado. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o estágio para a internacionalização que as empresas se encontram, bem como as estratégias de produção e operações e suas possíveis diferenças tanto para o mercado externo ou interno em grandes empresas produtoras de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS. O método utilizado foi o de estudo de caso, com duas grandes empresas produtoras e exportadoras de alimentos sediadas na região. Os resultados possibilitaram enquadrar ambas empresas pesquisadas no segundo estágio para a internacionalização conforme Korth (1985). Quanto à estratégia (funcional) de operações, verificou-se que uma das empresas pesquisadas opera com a estratégia de custo e diferenciação para o mercado interno, e com a estratégia de custo para o mercado externo; enquanto a outra empresa utiliza a estratégia de liderança em custo para o mercado interno e estratégia de diferenciação para o mercado externo. A pesquisa revelou que os clientes do exterior têm prioridade na programação de produção e entrega, também fazem exigências a seus fornecedores tais como plantas isoladas de outras fábricas, processo de abate seguindo rituais, embalagem diferenciada com a marca do cliente, peso e formulação do produto, situações peculiares a cada um dos clientes na exportação, que não ocorre no mercado interno. Outro resultado interessante apontado pela pesquisa foi que uma das empresas afirma competir em confiabilidade de entrega, mobilizando recursos para garantir que a data de entrega prevista seja cumprida, porém chega a cancelar pedidos redirecionando-os ao mercado com maior atratividade financeira atual e futura, demonstrando haver um duplo padrão de comportamento. / The increased quality and productivity in food industries in the Vale do Taquari (RS) allowed companies to share the international market. Producing and selling for both domestic and international market is a task that requires from companies a differentiated strategic positioning. This paper aims at identifying the internationalisation process companies are in, as well as production strategies and operations and their possible differences in both domestic and international market for large food companies in the Vale do Taquari (RS). The method used was the case study with two large producing and exporting food companies based in this region. The results allowed us to fit both companies into the second internationalisation process by Korth (1985). As for the (functional) operation strategy, we have found that one of the researched companies works with the strategy of cost and differentiation for the domestic market, and with the cost strategy for the international market, while the other company uses the strategy of leadership in cost for the domestic market and the differentiation strategy for the external market. The research has revealed that foreign consumers would take precedence in the production and delivery agenda, and require from their suppliers things like separate designs from other plants, slaughtering process following particular rituals, particular packaging with the customer’s mark, product weight and formulation, peculiar situations for every customer in exportation, which do not occur in the domestic market. Another useful result this research has provided was that one of the companies says that it competes in delivery reliability, articulating resources to assure that the scheduled delivery is fulfilled, but it comes to cancel orders redirecting for market with increased financial attractiveness today and in the future, showing it has two patterns of behaviour.

O crescente aumento da qualidade e produtividade nas indústrias de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS, permitiu às empresas disputar parte do mercado internacional. Produzir e vender tanto no mercado interno como no externo é uma tarefa que exige das empresas um posicionamento estratégico diferenciado. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o estágio para a internacionalização que as empresas se encontram, bem como as estratégias de produção e operações e suas possíveis diferenças tanto para o mercado externo ou interno em grandes empresas produtoras de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS. O método utilizado foi o de estudo de caso, com duas grandes empresas produtoras e exportadoras de alimentos sediadas na região. Os resultados possibilitaram enquadrar ambas empresas pesquisadas no segundo estágio para a internacionalização conforme Korth (1985). Quanto à estratégia (funcional) de operações, verificou-se que uma das empresas pesquisadas opera com a estratégia de custo e diferenciação para o mercado interno, e com a estratégia de custo para o mercado externo; enquanto a outra empresa utiliza a estratégia de liderança em custo para o mercado interno e estratégia de diferenciação para o mercado externo. A pesquisa revelou que os clientes do exterior têm prioridade na programação de produção e entrega, também fazem exigências a seus fornecedores tais como plantas isoladas de outras fábricas, processo de abate seguindo rituais, embalagem diferenciada com a marca do cliente, peso e formulação do produto, situações peculiares a cada um dos clientes na exportação, que não ocorre no mercado interno. Outro resultado interessante apontado pela pesquisa foi que uma das empresas afirma competir em confiabilidade de entrega, mobilizando recursos para garantir que a data de entrega prevista seja cumprida, porém chega a cancelar pedidos redirecionando-os ao mercado com maior atratividade financeira atual e futura, demonstrando haver um duplo padrão de comportamento. / The increased quality and productivity in food industries in the Vale do Taquari (RS) allowed companies to share the international market. Producing and selling for both domestic and international market is a task that requires from companies a differentiated strategic positioning. This paper aims at identifying the internationalisation process companies are in, as well as production strategies and operations and their possible differences in both domestic and international market for large food companies in the Vale do Taquari (RS). The method used was the case study with two large producing and exporting food companies based in this region. The results allowed us to fit both companies into the second internationalisation process by Korth (1985). As for the (functional) operation strategy, we have found that one of the researched companies works with the strategy of cost and differentiation for the domestic market, and with the cost strategy for the international market, while the other company uses the strategy of leadership in cost for the domestic market and the differentiation strategy for the external market. The research has revealed that foreign consumers would take precedence in the production and delivery agenda, and require from their suppliers things like separate designs from other plants, slaughtering process following particular rituals, particular packaging with the customer’s mark, product weight and formulation, peculiar situations for every customer in exportation, which do not occur in the domestic market. Another useful result this research has provided was that one of the companies says that it competes in delivery reliability, articulating resources to assure that the scheduled delivery is fulfilled, but it comes to cancel orders redirecting for market with increased financial attractiveness today and in the future, showing it has two patterns of behaviour.

O crescente aumento da qualidade e produtividade nas indústrias de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS, permitiu às empresas disputar parte do mercado internacional. Produzir e vender tanto no mercado interno como no externo é uma tarefa que exige das empresas um posicionamento estratégico diferenciado. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o estágio para a internacionalização que as empresas se encontram, bem como as estratégias de produção e operações e suas possíveis diferenças tanto para o mercado externo ou interno em grandes empresas produtoras de alimentos do Vale do Taquari-RS. O método utilizado foi o de estudo de caso, com duas grandes empresas produtoras e exportadoras de alimentos sediadas na região. Os resultados possibilitaram enquadrar ambas empresas pesquisadas no segundo estágio para a internacionalização conforme Korth (1985). Quanto à estratégia (funcional) de operações, verificou-se que uma das empresas pesquisadas opera com a estratégia de custo e diferenciação para o mercado interno, e com a estratégia de custo para o mercado externo; enquanto a outra empresa utiliza a estratégia de liderança em custo para o mercado interno e estratégia de diferenciação para o mercado externo. A pesquisa revelou que os clientes do exterior têm prioridade na programação de produção e entrega, também fazem exigências a seus fornecedores tais como plantas isoladas de outras fábricas, processo de abate seguindo rituais, embalagem diferenciada com a marca do cliente, peso e formulação do produto, situações peculiares a cada um dos clientes na exportação, que não ocorre no mercado interno. Outro resultado interessante apontado pela pesquisa foi que uma das empresas afirma competir em confiabilidade de entrega, mobilizando recursos para garantir que a data de entrega prevista seja cumprida, porém chega a cancelar pedidos redirecionando-os ao mercado com maior atratividade financeira atual e futura, demonstrando haver um duplo padrão de comportamento. / The increased quality and productivity in food industries in the Vale do Taquari (RS) allowed companies to share the international market. Producing and selling for both domestic and international market is a task that requires from companies a differentiated strategic positioning. This paper aims at identifying the internationalisation process companies are in, as well as production strategies and operations and their possible differences in both domestic and international market for large food companies in the Vale do Taquari (RS). The method used was the case study with two large producing and exporting food companies based in this region. The results allowed us to fit both companies into the second internationalisation process by Korth (1985). As for the (functional) operation strategy, we have found that one of the researched companies works with the strategy of cost and differentiation for the domestic market, and with the cost strategy for the international market, while the other company uses the strategy of leadership in cost for the domestic market and the differentiation strategy for the external market. The research has revealed that foreign consumers would take precedence in the production and delivery agenda, and require from their suppliers things like separate designs from other plants, slaughtering process following particular rituals, particular packaging with the customer’s mark, product weight and formulation, peculiar situations for every customer in exportation, which do not occur in the domestic market. Another useful result this research has provided was that one of the companies says that it competes in delivery reliability, articulating resources to assure that the scheduled delivery is fulfilled, but it comes to cancel orders redirecting for market with increased financial attractiveness today and in the future, showing it has two patterns of behaviour.

Difficile de nier qu’il arrive quelque chose au droit constitutionnel sousl’effet conjugué de l’internationalisation du droit et de la construction communautaire. Eneffet, le droit constitutionnel s’internationalise, se régionalise dans un mouvementexponentiel. L’Afrique en général et l’espace CEDEAO en particulier n’échappent guère àcette dynamique globale du constitutionnalisme moderne. Aussi, a-t-on constaté quel’internationalisation du droit constitutionnel sur le continent africain qui prend la forme d’unprocessus d’impact, d’influence ou parfois de contraintes induit à la fois à une reconfigurationhorizontale des pouvoirs constitutionnels et une redistribution verticale du pouvoir au sein del’Etat. En revanche, au niveau supranational, ce processus dynamique et intense qui marqueune ouverture des systèmes de droit et favorise la communicabilité entre ordres juridiques setraduit par un phénomène d’intégration, d’harmonisation progressive des systèmesconstitutionnels étatiques autour de standards démocratiques consacrés par le Protocole de laCEDEAO sur la démocratie et la bonne gouvernance de 2001. La dialectique est, au final,paradoxale en ce que l’internationalisation du droit constitutionnel en Afrique et plusparticulièrement dans l’espace CEDEAO se révèle être l’expression d’un phénomèneperturbateur des ordres juridiques constitutionnels étatiques et communautaire mais aussi eten même temps un instrument de convergence matérielle (droits fondamentaux) et structurelle(régime politique démocratique) de ces dits ordres au travers de standards constitutifs dupatrimoine constitutionnel commun. / It is difficult to deny that something has happened to constitutional lawunder the combined effect of the internationalization of law and the construction of thecommunity. Indeed, constitutional law is internationalized, regionalized in an exponentialmovement. Africa in general and the ECOWAS area in particular do not escape the globaldynamics of modern constitutionalism. Thus, it has been observed that theinternationalization of constitutional law on the African continent, which takes the form of aprocess of impact, influence or sometimes constraints, leads both to a horizontalreconfiguration of constitutional and a vertical redistribution of power within the state. Onthe other hand, at the supranational level, this dynamic and intense process, which marks anopening up of legal systems and promotes communication between legal orders, is reflectedin a phenomenon of integration and progressive harmonization of the state's constitutionalsystems around democratic standards The ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and GoodGovernance of 2001. The dialectic is, in the end, paradoxical in that the internationalizationof constitutional law in Africa and more particularly in the ECOWAS area proves to be aphenomenon Disrupting the constitutional legal systems of the state and the community,and at the same time an instrument of material (fundamental) and structural (democraticpolitical rule, rule of law) convergence of these orders through standards which constitutethe common constitutional heritage.

Contemporary environmental problems represent complex societal challenges, and as these problems become increasingly global, the international diffusion of environmental technologies is essential. One way to diffuse technologies internationally is through export. Despite the potential benefits from the adoption of environmental technologies, their export is stifled by externalities and free-rider problems. From this background, the aim of this thesis is to analyse how to stimulate the diffusion of environmental technologies through export. This aim is operationalised using four research questions, which focus on governmental initiatives to promote environmental technology export and their perceived effectiveness among targeted firms, obstacles to and drivers for export among municipally owned companies, the use of international city networks to facilitate environmental technology export and components of business concepts for environmental technology export. These questions are explored in the Swedish context using document analyses, interviews and internet surveys in a compilation thesis which consists of a cover essay and an appendix of five scientifically peer-reviewed and published journal articles. The conclusions are that governmental export promotion initiatives are often generic for all kinds of exporters, including environmental technologies, and comprise financial support, information provision, education and training, and trade and mobility-related programs, often with little incorporation of the specific characteristics of environmental technologies which many exporters perceive as ineffective. Municipally owned companies experience different barriers to and drivers for engaging in international activities compared to privately owned companies, and are often involved in international projects which are not always commercial export. International city networks serve as important arenas for bi-directional information sharing and learning regarding market characteristics, environmental challenges and potential solutions, building legitimacy for technologies and their suppliers. Regarding components of business concepts for the export of environmental technologies, regulation, legitimacy and private-public partnership are identified as particularly important based on the complexity and systemic nature of environmental technologies. Altogether, this thesis makes a contribution by conceptualising the export of environmental technologies with emphasis on technology characteristics, the technology supplier including their business concepts, obstacles to and drivers for export, technology adopters and their characterisation, communication channels and the diffusion context. For policy makers, a dynamic approach to environmental technology export promotion, in which specific attributes of environmental technologies and their suppliers are considered along their international business development, is suggested as a complement to existing generic initiatives. The possibility to provide such support should be reconciled with resource effectiveness, heterogeneity among companies and the complementary role of governmental interventions to market initiatives. Finally, partnerships between publicly and privately owned companies are suggested as particularly relevant since they build on the long-term experience, functioning proof-of-concept and legitimacy of publicly owned companies together with the competitiveness and flexibility of privately owned companies. These attributes could help overcome the liabilities of foreignness and newness, as well as resource constraints which challenge environmental technology export. / De stora miljöproblemen innebär komplexa samhällsutmaningar och allt eftersom miljöproblemglobaliseras ökar behovet av en internationell spridning av miljöteknik. Export är ett sätt attsprida teknologier internationellt, men trots de potentiella fördelarna med miljöteknikexportstöter det ofta på hinder. Exempel på sådana hinder är externa effekter som att miljönytta intetillfaller det exporterande företaget, och att konkurrenter åker snålskjuts på de företag som tar deinitiala stegen. Utifrån denna bakgrund syftar den här avhandlingen till att analysera hur miljöteknikexport kanstimuleras ytterligare. För att besvara syftet har fyra frågeställningar utformats som fokuserar påstatliga initiativ för att främja export av miljöteknik och hur deras effekter uppfattas bland företagi målgruppen; hinder och drivkrafter för export hos kommunala bolag; internationella nätverkmellan storstäder som arenor för att underlätta export av miljöteknik; samt affärsmodeller för attexportera miljöteknik. Frågeställningarna utforskas i ett svenskt sammanhang genomdokumentanalys, intervjuer och enkäter. Avhandling bestående av en sammanfattande ”kappa”och fem publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultaten från avhandlingen visar att statliga initiativ för att främja export oftast är generiska förolika typer av exportörer inklusive miljöteknikföretag. Initiativen inkluderar vanligtvis finansielltstöd, information, utbildning samt stöd för marknadsbesök och mobilitet. Dock tas ingen störrehänsyn till de särskilda egenskaperna hos miljöteknik vid utformandet av stödet. Stödet uppfattasdessutom av många miljöteknikexportörer som ineffektivt. Kommunala bolag har andra hinderoch drivkrafter än privata företag för att engagera sig internationellt och är oftast involverade iprojekt som inte är direkta exportaktiviteter. Internationella nätverk mellan städer kan fungerasom arenor för informationsutbyte och lärande mellan olika aktörers marknadsegenskaper,miljöproblem och potentiella lösningar samt bidra till legitimitet för tekniken och dessleverantörer. När det gäller utveckling av affärsmodeller för att exportera miljöteknik framstårlagstiftning, legitimitet, och samarbete mellan privata och offentliga aktörer som särskilt viktigt attbeakta på grund av miljöteknikens komplexitet och systemiska natur. Sammanfattningsvis bidrar avhandlingen till en konceptualisering av miljöteknikexport genom attfokusera på teknikens egenskaper, dess leverantörers affärsmodeller, hinder och drivkrafter förexport, de som köper tekniken och deras egenskaper, kommunikationskanaler samt sammanhangdär spridningen sker. En rekommendation är att politiska beslutsfattare borde stödja export avmiljöteknik på ett dynamiskt sätt där specifika egenskaper hos miljöteknik och dess leverantörerbeaktas i takt med deras internationella affärsutveckling. En dynamisk ansats kan vara ett brakomplement till många befintliga generiska statliga initiativ för att främja export av miljöteknik.En sådan ansats bör ta hänsyn till resurseffektivitet, olikheter mellan företag, samt varakomplementär till de icke-statliga initiativ som redan finns på marknaden. Slutligen föreslåssamarbeten mellan offentliga och privatägda företag, vilket anses högst relevant eftersomoffentliga företag kan bidra till att kombinera den mångåriga erfarenheten av miljötekniskalösningar samt den legitimitet som sådana företag kan ha med privata företags styrkor så somkonkurrenskraft och flexibilitet. Dessa förslag kan bidra till att minska de exporthinder som haratt göra med att miljöteknik ofta är ny och främmande, samt miljöteknikföretagens oftabegränsade resurser.