SARAIVA, Saulo Limaverde. Novas informações sobre Araripemys barretoi (testudines:Pleurodira) das formações Crato e Romualdo (Cretáceo inferior), Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. 2017. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geologia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by JOÃO CAVALCANTI JUNIOR (jbeniciojunior@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-02T12:45:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Saulo Limaverde Dissertaçao (versao final).pdf: 3087958 bytes, checksum: 10151c89d054579338db53244fb66a12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-06-05T17:43:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Saulo Limaverde Dissertaçao (versao final).pdf: 3087958 bytes, checksum: 10151c89d054579338db53244fb66a12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T17:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saulo Limaverde Dissertaçao (versao final).pdf: 3087958 bytes, checksum: 10151c89d054579338db53244fb66a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / The Araripe Basin (northeastern Brazil) has a rich Cretaceous fossil fauna of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Among the vertebrates, several turtles were found and five valid species were describe to this date, most of them proceeding from the Romualdo Formation. Here it is described four new specimens of Araripemys barretoi - including the first appearence of an almost complete individual, bearing a skull, from Crato Formation - a species known to occur on both formations and to report variation among individuals of this species. This new report reveals intra-specific variation on carapace bones and sexual dimorphism that were unknown to A. barretoi. / A Bacia do Araripe localizada no nordeste do Brasil possui uma rica fauna fóssil de vertebrados e invertebrados do Cretáceo. Entre os vertebrados, várias tartarugas foram encontradas nesta bacia e cinco espécies válidas foram descritas até o momento, várias delas procedentes da Formação Romualdo. Aqui são descritos quatro novos espécimes de Araripemys barretoi – incluindo a primeira ocorrência de um indivíduo quase completo, apresentando crânio, da Formação Crato – uma espécie presente em ambas as formações e relatar variação entre indivíduos desta espécie. Este estudo revela variação intra-específica nos ossos da carapaça e dimorfismo sexual que eram desconhecidos para A. barretoi.

Au cours de cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à la problématique du démélange hyperspectral en milieux urbains. En particulier nous nous sommes penchés sur la prise en compte du phénomène de variabilité intra-classe dans les méthodes de démélange. La mise en évidence de la variabilité intra-classe a été le point de départ de cette étude. Nous avons ainsi constaté que ce phénomène était non-négligeable dans les milieux urbains et qu'il devait être pris en compte. En nous basant sur des modèles de mélange existants dans la littérature nous avons développé deux nouveaux modèles de mélange prenant en compte cette variabilité intra-classe. Le premier est un modèle de mélange linéaire. Le second est un modèle linéaire-quadratique qui permet de prendre en compte les réflexions multiples sur les bâtiments. Dans un premier temps nous ne nous sommes intéressés qu'au cas des modèles linéaires. Comme aucune méthode de la littérature ne permet d'effectuer le démélange à partir de nos modèles de mélange nous avons développé deux méthodes UP-NMF et IP-NMF. UP-NMF est une adaptation de la méthode NMF à notre modèle de mélange. Pour rendre compte de la notion de classes de matériaux purs une contrainte sur l'inertie des classes a été ajoutée à UP-NMF pour obtenir IP-NMF. Les premiers tests ont été effectués sur données semi-synthétiques et ont permis de déterminer l'impact de l'initialisation de ces méthodes sur leurs performances et de fixer le paramètre d'inertie. Les performances de UP-NMF et IP-NMF ont été comparées à celles des méthodes standards de démélange. Les seconds tests ont été effectués sur une portion d'image de Toulouse. Dans cette partie nous avons mis en évidence que, contrairement à des méthodes standards, les résultats de IP-NMF étaient peu sensibles à une erreur sur l'estimation du nombre de classes pures. Finalement nous avons développé une méthode de démélange linéaire-quadratique, LQIP-NMF, en nous basant sur le modèle que nous avons mis en place. Les tests de LQIP-NMF ont montré qu'en cas de trop forte variabilité intra-classe les effets de non-linéarité étaient de second ordre et qu'il ne semblait pas pertinent de les prendre en compte. / This work is devoted to unmixing for urban areas. We particularly focused on the impact of intra-class variability on unmixing. We first described the results of a study highlighting intra-class variability assessed in real images. It appeared that this phenomenon was significant and had to be included in the mixing models. Based on the state of the art we developed 2 new mixing models dealing with intra-class variability. The first one is a linear one. The second one is a linear-quadratic one which allows to consider multiple scattering effects on buildings. First only the linear mixing model was considered. Currently it does not exist any unmixing method able to deal with this new model. So two methods were developed, UP-NMF and IP-NMF. UP-NMF is a new unmixing method based on an extension of the standard NMF. To overcome UP-NMF limitations an extended method is proposed, IP-NMF, which limit the spreading of each class by adding an inertia constraint in the cost function. These methods were firstly tested on a semi-synthetic data set. These tests allowed us to study the impact of the initialisation on our methods performance and also to fix the inertia parameter. We also compared the results of UP-NMF and IP-NMF to the results obtained with standard methods. The second tests were performed on an image taken above Toulouse. It appeared that IP-NMF is less sensitive to an error in the estimation of classes number than standard methods. Finally we developed a linear-quadratic method, LQIP-NMF, dealing with the non-linear mixing model previously described. In cases of high intra-class variability, the quadratic terms are drowned in the large variability of materials. So it seems that it is not relevant to taking into account these non-linearities.

Detta kandidatarbetet tar begreppet intra-aktion och applicerar det som en spelmekanik för den mobila plattformen. Den går in på tillvägagångssätt för hur man skulle kunna tänka kring intra-aktion och tar även upp befintliga teorier kring utvecklingen av spelmekaniker. I första hand går arbetet in på den mobila plattformen men det skulle även kunna användas för andra plattformar. Kandidatarbetet börjar med att gå in på vad interaktion är och går sedan vidare in på hur det skiljer sig utifrån Karen Barads begrepp intra-aktion. Därefter tar den upp befintliga teorier kring utvecklingen av spelmekaniker. Efter detta kombineras allt praktiskt med hjälp av test, där det skapats spelmekaniker för den mobila plattformen med ett intraaktivt synsätt. Intra-aktion passar bra som ett sätt att tänka kring lärande, så i praktiken går arbetet ut på hur man skulle kunna skapa spelmekaniker med ett lärande syfte. Tester i arbetet görs i spelmotorn GameMaker(Yoyo Games, 2017) och testas för Android telefoner. I metoddelen är exempel skapade från gestaltningar som är gjorda för mobila enheter i GameMaker. / This bachelor thesis takes the concept of intra-action and applies it as game mechanics for the mobile platform. It takes the approach of how to think about intra-action and the development of mobile game mechanic. It goes into the approach of how to think about intra-action and brings up existing theories about game mechanics. In first-hand the work goes into the mobile platform but it could be used for other platforms. The thesis begins by explaining what interaction is and then goes into how it differs from Karen Barads concepts of intra-action. Then it takes up existing theories on the development of the game mechanic and then combining this into practice, trying to create game-mechanics to the mobile platform with an intra-active approach. Intra-action fits well as a way of thinking about learning, so in practice the work will go into how you may create game mechanics with a learning purpose. All testing is done in the game engine GameMaker (Yoyo Games, 2017) and tested for Android phones. In the methods section the examples will be created for Android in GameMaker.

Segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, até o ano de 2030 a diabetes será a sétima enfermidade causadora de morte no mundo. A diabetes se caracteriza pela variação do nível de glicose no sangue dada ingestão de alimentos ou realização de certas tarefas. Além disso, já é sabido pela comunidade científica atual que células cancerígenas possuem metabolismo diferente quando comparadas a células normais, consumindo uma maior quantidade de açúcar devido a essa anormalidade. No presente trabalho serão apresentados, basicamente, dois tipos de biossensores que possuem grande potencial para tornarem-se monitores contínuos de glicose. Ambos os biossensores utilizam a enzima glicose oxidase como catalisador específico da reação de oxidação do carboidrato. O primeiro apresenta estrutura em escala micrométrica, tem por objetivo a quantificação de glicose em solução em ambiente extracelular e se baseia no sistema EGFET (Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor) com substrato de Fluorine Tin Oxide (FTO). Além do mais, foram utilizados dois protocolos de imobilização da glicose oxidase: quitosana (com uma janela de detecção de 1 a 5mM de glicose) e glutaraldeído (com janela de detecção de 0 a 15 mM de glicose). O segundo apresenta estrutura em escala nanométrica, tem por objetivo a quantificação de glicose em ambiente intracelular e baseia-se no sistema de nanopipetas de quartzo. Com esse dispositivo foi possível estipular a concentração de glicose livre dentro de três linhas de células distintas: Fibroblastos humanos entre 0 e 2.8mM; MCF-7 maior que 4.7 mM; MDA-MB-231entre 3.6 e 4.5 mM. / According to the World Health Organization, until 2030 diabetes will be the 7th cause of death worldwide. This disease is characterized by variation on blood glucose levels due to ingestion of specific food and tasks performing. Moreover, it is already known that cancer cells have a different metabolism when compared to normal cells and these abnormal cells have a higher sugar intake due to this abnormality. This work will present, basically, two types of biosensors with great potential to become continuous glucose monitors. Both biosensors use the enzyme glucose oxidase as carbohydrate oxidation catalyzer. The first one presents a micro-metric structure and its goal is to quantify glucose concentration in an extracellular solution. This device is based in EGFET (Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor) system and uses FTO as substrate. Furthermore, two immobilization protocols were used to fix the enzyme to the FTO: chitosan (with final range of 1~5mM of glucose) and glutaraldehyde (with final range of 0~15mM of glucose). The second is a nano-structured biosensor based on nanopipette system and its goal is to quantify intracellular glucose concentration. With this device was possible to stipulate free glucose molecules inside different cell lines: between 0 and 2.8mM for human Fibroblasts; greater than 4.7 mM for MCF-7; and between 3.6 and 4.5 mM for MDA-MB-231.

O objetivo foi avaliar a influência de variações no formato da férula dada por núcleo estojado sobre as tensões desenvolvidas na raiz em um modelo tridimensional de um segundo pré-molar superior submetido a quatro condições de carregamentos: cunha, alavanca vestibular, alavanca proximal e torção. Seis modelos foram confeccionados a partir das dimensões médias obtidas na literatura. Um deles representou o dente hígido, e outros cinco dentes restaurados com coroa e retentor intra-radicular fundido: um simulou núcleo simples, sem férula (E2A0), e em quatro modelos variou-se o tamanho do espelho (E) em 1/3 da espessura da parede radicular (E1) ou 2/3 (E2) e a altura (A) da férula foi equivalente a E1 (A1) ou a E2 (A2); ou seja: os modelos E1A1 e E2A2 tiveram 45º de inclinação do bisel da férula. Todas as estruturas foram consideradas homogêneas, isotrópicas e lineares elásticas. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a férula não parece necessária para melhorar a distribuição de tensões e que, exceto para o caso de carregamento longitudinal (que demonstrou ser o menos danoso), o cimento ficou submetido a tensões que justificam sua fratura e a dentina apresentou tensões de tração compatíveis com fraturas longitudinais (com início na crista óssea), especialmente para a alavanca vestibular. / The aim was to evaluate the influence of variations in the radicular ferrule format given by the casing core on stress developed in the root in a three-dimensional model of one upper second premolar submitted to four load conditions: wedge, vestibular lever, proximal lever and torsion. Six models were built according the average dimensions obtained from the literature. One of them represented the sound tooth, and other five restored teeth with cast radicular retainer and crown: one simulated simple core, without ferrule (E2A0), and in four models the mirror (E) size was varied in 1/3 of the radicular wall thickness (E1) or 2/3 (E2) and the ferrule height (A) was equivalent to E1 (A1) or E2 (A2); or be: E1A1 and E2A2 had 45º inclination of the ferrule bisel. All the structures were considered homogeneous, isotropic and linear elastic behavior. The results allow to affirm that the ferrule doesn\'t seem necessary to improve the stress distribution and that, except for the longitudinal load case (that demonstrated to be the least harmful), the cement was submitted to stress that justify his fracture and the dentine presented compatible tensile stress with longitudinal fractures (with beginning in the bone crest), especially for the vestibular lever.

A artroscopia tem função diagnóstica e terapêutica na doença articular. Mesmo com as modalidades de imagem mais modernas, ainda é considerada como padrão ouro no diagnóstico de problemas articulares em equinos. Sabe-se que as características físico-químicas das diferentes soluções de infusão podem determinar alterações estruturais na superfície da cartilagem. Apesar da existência de estudos baseados na busca de um fluido ideal para irrigação durante a artroscopia, com principal foco nas características bioquímicas do líquido, poucos trabalhos testaram características físicas destes fluidos, como a temperatura. Na primeira etapa deste trabalho foram avaliadas 24 articulações de ovinos submetidas à irrigação articular com solução de Ringer com lactato condicionado a quatro diferentes temperaturas (5, 12, 25 e 38 ºC). Para avaliação de cada grupo foram coletadas biopsias comparativas de membrana sinovial e de cartilagem com osso subcondral da articulação femoropatelar visando análise histológica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente, imediatamente antes do início da infusão do líquido e após uma hora de infusão. Apesar de alterações na ultraestrutura da superfície articular terem sido observadas após lavagem das articulações, nenhuma diferença estatística entre os grupos foi identificada. Na segunda etapa do experimento foram testadas as temperaturas 5, 25 e 38 °C do Ringer com lactato utilizado para irrigação articular durante procedimentos artroscópicos em 12 articulações radiocárpicas de seis equinos. As articulações foram divididas em três grupos de quatro, sendo avaliados, além da membrana sinovial e cartilagem, o líquido sinovial previamente ao início da infusão com fluido condicionado e 12, 24 e 48 horas após o término da irrigação, visando análise comparativa das concentrações de IL-1β, PGE2, TNF-α, condroitim sulfato (CS) e ácido hialurônico (AH). As alterações da superfície articular dos equinos decorrentes da irrigação também foram independentes da temperatura utilizada. Houve um aumento significativo das concentrações de PGE2 e IL-1β no líquido sinovial às 12 horas em todos os grupos, exceto para IL-1β no grupo de articulações irrigadas com fluido a 38 °C, que não apresentou alteração nas concentrações. A análise de TNF-α não revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos. As concentrações de CS aumentaram às 24 horas nos três grupos e foi estatisticamente maior no grupo irrigado a 38 °C. Não houve diferença significativa das concentrações de AH no líquido sinovial do grupo de articulações irrigadas a 25 °C, o que não ocorreu nos grupos 5 e 38 °C, havendo diminuição às 24 e 12 horas, respectivamente, retornando aos valores basais na coleta subsequente. As biopsias de membrana sinovial coletadas em ambas as etapas do experimento não demonstraram alteração estrutural ou migração celular que inferissem em resposta inflamatória ao insulto. As alterações da ultraestrutura da superfície da cartilagem estão mais relacionada ao fator mecânico da passagem do líquido que à temperatura de acondicionamento. Apesar de mais análises serem necessárias para definição da melhor temperatura a ser utilizada durante as artroscopias, a detecção de menores concentrações de IL-1β nas articulações de equinos irrigadas com Ringer com lactato a 38 °C sugerem de que essa seja a temperatura menos deletéria para o ambiente articular. / Arthroscopy has a diagnostic and a therapeutic function in joint disease. Even with modern imaging modalities, it is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing equine joint problems. It is known that the physicochemical characteristics of different infusion solutions could influence structural modifications on cartilage surface. A number of studies have described the search for the ideal fluid to be used for irrigation during arthroscopy, focusing on the biochemical characteristics of the various liquids. However, few works have taken temperature into consideration when studying the physical characteristics of these fluids. Therefore, in the first phase of this study four different temperatures of Ringer lactate used for articular irrigation were assessed into four groups of six ovine joints each (5, 12, 25 and 38 ºC). To evaluate each group, comparative synovial membrane and osteochondral samples were collected from the patellofemoral joints for histological analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively, immediately before and 1 hour after starting fluid infusion. Ultrastructural changes of the joint surfaces after irrigation were observed, but no statistical differences between groups were identified. In the second phase of this study, lactated Ringers solution was assessed at three different temperatures: 5, 25 and 38°C, for irrigation of 12 radiocarpal joints of six horses during arthroscopy. Three groups of four joints were studied to evaluate synovial membrane, cartilage and synovial liquid immediately before and 12, 24 and 48 hours after joint irrigation. These samples were subjected to comparative analysis of IL-1&beta, PGE2, TNF-&alpha, condroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations. Changes of equine joint surfaces were also independent of temperature. There was a significant increase in the PGE2 and IL-1β concentrations in the synovial liquid at 12 hours in all groups except for IL-1β on the joints irrigated with fluid at 38°C, which did not show concentrations changes. There was no statistical difference of TNF-&alpha between groups. CS concentrations had a significant increase at 24 hours in all groups, meanwhile in the 38 °C group this increased was statistically greater. There was no statistical difference for HA concentrations on synovial liquid of the irrigated joints at 25 °C. In the 5 and 38 °C groups there were synovial fluid HA decrease at 24 and 12 hours, respectively, returning to basal values at the subsequent collect. The synovial membrane biopsies collected in the both steps of this study did not show any structural alterations or cellular migration that might interfere in response to inflammatory insult. Ultrastructural changes in articular most superficial zone are more related to mechanic action of fluid lavage than irrigation solutions temperature. Although more tests needs to be done, the lowest concentrations of IL-1β in equine joints irrigated with Ringer lactate at 38 °C give some evidence that this is the less deleterious temperature to articular environment.

ABSTRAKT Detta kandidatarbete består av en enda frågeställning som undersöks med stöd av relevant forskning och författarens egen prövande gestaltning. De begrepp som fokuseras på i detta arbete är situerad kunskap och intra-aktion, men även ett antal andra relevanta medietekniska begrepp tas upp. Arbetet ämnar undersöka provokationer när det gäller ljud och bild som står i kontrast till varandra samt hur begreppen intra-aktion och situerad kunskap kan hjälpa medietekniker att medvetet påverka människors upplevelse av konstinstallationer. I detta kandidatarbete så har fyra installationer designats och producerats samt att experiment utförts på ett antal testpersoner. Installationerna i detta kandidatarbete är skapade med Logic Pro X (Apple Inc 2017) och visades för testpersonerna med hjälp av en skärm och tillhörande ljud genom ett par hörlurar. Nyckelord: Intra-aktion, Situerad Kunskap, Provokation / ABSTRACT This bachelor thesis consists of a single research question that is examined with the support of relevant research and the author's own tentative interpretation. The concepts that are focused on in this bachelor thesis are situated knowledge and intra-action, but also a number of other relevant media technical concepts are addressed. The goal is to investigate provocations in terms of sound and image that stand in contrast to each other and how the concepts of intra-action and situated knowledge can help media technicians to consciously influence people's experience of art installations. In this bachelor thesis, four installations have been designed and produced, and experiments have been performed on a number of test subjects. The installations in this bachelor thesis were created with Logic Pro X (Apple Inc 2017) and were shown to the test subjects using a screen and associated audio through a pair of headphones Keywords: Intra-action, Situated Knowledge, Provocation

Diagnostiquées à partir de douleurs pelviennes, de dysfonctionnements menstruels ou dans le cadre d’un bilan d’infertilité, les adhérences intra-utérines sont des accolements fibreux des faces internes de la cavité utérine, qui peuvent obstruer partiellement ou totalement la cavité utérine. Tout acte traumatique dans la cavité utérine est considéré comme pourvoyeurs d’adhérences post-opératoires. Pour prévenir l’apparition de ces adhérences intra-utérines, nous avons développé un dispositif médical anti-adhérentiel, résorbable et autodéployable. Pour cela, nous avons synthétisé une famille de copolymères innovants constitués de poly (acide lactique) – poly (éthylène oxyde) – poly (acide lactique) avec des propriétés de gonflement adaptés à l’application. L’évaluation biologique in vitro des copolymères a permis de démontrer l’absence de cytotoxicité et le caractère anti-adhérentiel des biomatériaux en contact avec des cellules endométriales humaines. Les études in vivo ont permis de démontrer l’efficacité du copolymère sélectionné comme barrière physique résorbable permettant la non-adhérence de tissus lésés. L’implantation du copolymère n’entraîne pas de réactions biologiques majeures dans les cornes utérines et n’altère pas la fonction de reproduction de l’animal. De plus, l’étude du déploiement du dispositif dans des utérus issus d’hystérectomies chez des patientes nous a permis de confirmer que le dispositif médical développé est adapté à la morphologie utérine. / The symptoms of intrauterine adhesions are pelvic pain, menstrual abnormalities and infertility. Intrauterine adhesions result in the fibrous adherence of opposing uterine walls, which produce partial or complete obliteration in the uterine cavity. Trauma to a gravid uterine cavity is known to be the main cause of adhesions formation. In order to prevent postsurgical adhesion formation, a new anti-adhesive and resorbable medical device was developed to maintain separated uterine walls after surgical trauma. Anti-adhesive barrier was obtained from polylactic acid – polyethylene oxyde – polylactic acid triblock copolymers presenting specific swelling properties. In vitro biocompatibility and anti-adhesive effects of triblock copolymers were demonstrated using human endometrial cells. In vivo adhesion models have allowed us to confirm the anti-adhesive efficiency and the accuracy of the degradation time of a copolymer. This copolymer does not cause major biological responses after implantation in uterine horns and does not alter reproductive functions. A deployment study of the medical device in uterus of patients from hysterectomy has allowed us to demonstrate that our medical device is adapted to the uterine morphology.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T10:59:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedroantoniopiresnogueira.pdf: 5532431 bytes, checksum: 27e779d6140944bc7222bf21ea5db6bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T10:52:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedroantoniopiresnogueira.pdf: 5532431 bytes, checksum: 27e779d6140944bc7222bf21ea5db6bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T10:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedroantoniopiresnogueira.pdf: 5532431 bytes, checksum: 27e779d6140944bc7222bf21ea5db6bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se e como acontece o diálogo intrareligioso na Umbanda, utilizando como elemento norteador a entidade conhecida como Caboclo e todos os símbolos e ritualística pertinentes que envolvem sua ação junto aos seus adeptos e seguidores. Para tanto, esta pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes complementares. A primeira parte voltada para os aspectos bibliográficos e a segunda, composta de pesquisa de campo, onde foram levadas a termo observações e participações em diversos rituais de Umbanda em terreiros localizados na região central e em bairros do município de Petrópolis- RJ, chegando até seu 1º Distrito, além de entrevistas com dirigentes espirituais, adeptos e frequentadores destas casas. Ao final desta pesquisa, foram levantadas evidências que confirmam a existência deste diálogo entre os templos umbandistas de Petrópolis-RJ, quer seja formal ou informal, havendo trocas expressivas de conhecimento e reconhecimento identitário e de tradições entre estes através de seus membros, seus símbolos, suas cantigas, enfim, uma profunda interação dialogal, verdadeiro diálogo intra-religioso. / This research aimed to identify if and how the intra-religious dialogue in Umbanda happens, using as guiding element the entity known as Caboclo and all relevant symbols and ritual involving his action with their fans and followers. To this finality, this research was divided into two complementary parts. The first part focused on bibliographic aspects and the second, consisting of field research, which observations and participations were realized in various rituals of Umbanda in temples located in central parts of the city of Petrópolis-RJ and its Neighborhoods, reaching its 1st District, besides interviews with spiritual leaders, supporters and regulars of these houses. At the end of this research, evidences confirming the existence of dialogue between the Umbanda temples from Petrópolis-RJ were raised, whether formal or informal, with significant exchanges of knowledge and identity recognition and traditions between these through its members, symbols, sacred songs, ultimately, dialogic interaction, true and deep intra-religious dialogue.

The purpose of this study has been to make how children play and interact with the preschool environment and the toys that are available visible, and through that contribute with increased knowledge of how the phenomenon can be understood. From the socio-cultural perspective, with the help of recorded observations and participatory observation, I have been in the middle of the play and seen how children and toys have an intra-action so that the play can be imaginative and free. The results show that the children not only have a verbal dialogue with each other and adults but also have a silent dialogue simultaneously with toys, artifacts and the environment in the preschool. The toys contribute and influence the play, but it is based on the children's own thoughts before the beginning play.