A presente pesquisa visa investigar as identidades e formas espaciais cambiantes produzidas pelo movimento emergente underground cristão. Situados dentro de um campo mais vasto ao qual estão ligados os evangélicos e jovens de outras redes de afinidade estética , o movimento agrega diferentes grupamentos e manifestações religiosas, identitário-culturais que, a despeito de suas distinções visuais, musicais, rituais e bíblico-doutrinárias, estão unidos por uma causa, na verdade um Ideal: levar Cristo a todas as culturas juvenis urbanas que, historicamente, são alvos de preconceito e negligência por parte das igrejas tradicionais católicas ou protestantes. Assim, configuram heterotopias do sagrado que revelam as novas tendências de identificação, filiação e ritualização religiosas, assim como as novas práticas de compromisso assumidas por estes jovens subversivos que, pela ideia de militância comunitária, lutam simbolicamente contra o institucionalismo, o marketing selvagem e a impessoalidade que dominam o cenário cristão atual, bem como buscam respostas, pela via da cultura, para as inquietações, radicalismos e outros distúrbios de uma Nova Era pós-secular, onde a geografia do sagrado faz-se imanente nos indivíduos, e onde a territorialidade não se restringe mais aos templos e ao controle de autoridades eclesiásticas. Um panorama desse tipo permite compreender como os cristãos emergentes configuram lugares religiosos e itinerários simbólicos para, simultaneamente, reabastecer a fé e alcançar os cativos do Mundo. / The current study aims to examine the interchangeable space configurations and identities produced by the emerging underground Christian movement. Situated within a broader field - in which it is bound to evangelists and young persons from other aesthetic affinity network the movement combines different clusters and religious manifestations. These cultural identitary representations regardless their visual, musical, ritualistic and bible doctrine distinctions are linked by one reason, which is, in fact, one ideal: bringing Christ to all urban juvenile cultures that are historically, a target of neglect and prejudice from catholic traditional churches or protestant parties. Therefore, they compose sacred heterotopias which reveal the new identifying, affiliation and religious ritual trends as well as the new commitment practices made by these subversive young persons. Guided by the community militancy idea, they symbolically fight against the institutionalism, the wild marketing and the impersonal aura that dominate the current Christian scenario. Thus, they look for answers through culture ways towards turmoil, radicalisms and other post-secular New Era disturbances, where the sacred Geography is inherent to individuals and where territoriality does not limit itself to the ecclesiastical authorities and temples. Using this sort of panorama, allows comprehending how emerging Christians arrange symbolic itineraries and religious places in order to simultaneously refurnish faith and reach the worlds captive.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Com o objetivo de compreender a busca por cuidado de uma pessoa portadora de transtorno mental em situação de comorbidade clínica, um trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido junto a uma usuária da rede de atenção em saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ. O atendimento desses casos é um desafio para o campo da saúde mental, pois demanda a elaboração de projetos terapêuticos que rompam com o dilema corpo/mente e promovam cuidado integral. A metodologia adotada foi a construção do itinerário terapêutico seguido pela usuária, tendo sido utilizadas as técnicas de observação participante, entrevista aberta e análise documental, ao longo de 6 meses do ano de 2013, envolvendo também os familiares e profissionais no estudo. Os resultados apontam que a usuária transitou tanto pelo Sistema Único de Saúde quanto pelo Sistema Único de Assistência Social ao longo do itinerário, tendo sido atendida em um centro de referência especializado, uma emergência médica, um hospital psiquiátrico, uma policlínica e uma clínica da família. Além disso, nos serviços de saúde foi descrita principalmente do ponto de vista biomédico, o alcoolismo e a demência predominando como índice de comorbidade psiquiátrica e a hanseníase como índice de comorbidade clínica, o transtorno mental esquizofrenia paranóide sendo o diagnóstico principal. A usuária apresentava-se aos profissionais como uma mãe que gostaria de viver em companhia dos filhos e ao mesmo tempo como alguém com vício de bebida forte, enquanto era considerada pelos familiares bêbada e maloqueira, habitando as ruas do centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro há aproximadamente dez anos. Por meio da narrativa de uma parcela da trajetória de vida e de grande parte do itinerário terapêutico da usuária, nota-se trajetos entre serviços de saúde, casa e rua, bem como passagens marcadas pela vivência de que os profissionais de saúde manifestam asqueiro quando de sua presença. Com base nessa abordagem teórico-metodológica centrada na usuária, nota-se que os seus trajetos e passagens pela cidade e serviços de saúde repercutiram em seu cotidiano de uma forma que sua busca por cuidado converteu-se numa fuga do cuidado / In order to understand the search for care of a person with mental disorder comorbidity in clinical situation , field work was developed with a user of the health care network in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ . The care of these cases is a challenge for the field of mental health , because it demands the development of therapeutic projects that break with the dilemma body / mind and promote integrated care . The methodology adopted was to build the therapeutic itinerary followed by the user , the techniques of participant observation , open interviews and document analysis have been used , over 6 months of the year 2013 , also involving family members and professionals in the study . The results indicate that the user moved by both the Health System as the Unified Social Assistance System along the route , and was treated at a specialized reference center , a medical emergency , a psychiatric hospital, a polyclinic and a clinical family . Moreover , in health services was mainly described the biomedical view, alcoholism and dementia predominating as an index of psychiatric comorbidity and leprosy as clinical comorbidity index , the paranoid schizophrenic mental disorder as the main diagnosis. The user is presented to professionals as a mother who would like to live in the company of children and at the same time as someone with " addiction to strong drink " as was considered by " drunk " and " maloqueira " family , inhabiting the streets of downtown the city of Rio de Janeiro approximately ten years ago . Through the narrative of a portion of the life course and much of the therapeutic itinerary of the user , there is paths between health , home and street services , as well as passages marked by the experience that health professionals manifest " asqueiro " when in his presence . Based on this theoretical- methodological approach centered on user , note that your paths and walkways around town and healthcare repercussions in their daily lives in a way that their search for care became a care leak.

A presente pesquisa tem como tema o Roteiro Turístico, buscando avançar na sua análise em termos teórico e conceitual, questionando se as categorias Sujeito e (Geo)Tecnologias, agregadas ao conceito de Roteiro Turístico, contribuiriam para redimensioná-lo e equacioná-lo com uma construção epistemológica do Turismo que transcendesse os limites mercadológicos e economicistas e, particularmente, incorporasse a lógica dos fluxos. A literatura especializada ainda dedica pouco espaço e aprofundamento à questão do roteiro e à roteirização, conforme o demonstrou a pesquisa exploratória inicial desta investigação, da qual também emergiram as categorias Tempo, Espaço e Tematização. Estas categorias demarcam o que, no corpo do trabalho, passou a ser tratado com Roteiro Turístico Tradicional. O avanço da análise mostrou que, na atualidade, o Roteiro Turístico deve contemplar, na sua abordagem, Sujeito e (Geo)Tecnologias, como novas categorias constituintes para a compreensão do Roteiro Turístico. A Dialética, tomada como opção metodológica inicial para dar suporte ao diálogo necessário entre o estado da arte atual, portanto a TESE, e os questionamentos e proposições de novas categorias (Sujeito e Tecnologia), para a composição da ANTÍTESE, mostraram-se insuficientes para encaminhar a SÍNTESE; o impasse exigiu o questionamento do caminho percorrido, inclusive em termos metodológicos, para o avanço da investigação. Como conseqüência, buscou-se na COMPLEXIDADE, conforme proposta por Edgar Morin, o suporte epistemo-filosófico, para o prosseguimento da investigação. Disso, resultou a idéia de Fluxo como categoria para organizar a compreensão que se buscava. Com esses subsídios, a construção da Síntese levou à superação do entendimento do Todo como a soma das partes, ou seja, não apenas uniram-se as categorias para propor um conceito de Roteiro Turístico mas, a partir de sua equalização, pode-se perceber o Roteiro Turístico em três esferas: (1) a priori; (2) empirização; e (3) a posteriori.

Orientador: Maria da Graça Garcia Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T20:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruivo_NubiaGarciaVianna_M.pdf: 2155062 bytes, checksum: a2b89909be91efa051f6e8f7e927c8b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Desde a criação do SUS até o início dos anos 2000, a Atenção à Saúde Auditiva apresentava caráter clínico reabilitador com ênfase nos problemas auditivos já instalados. Em 2004, com a criação da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva, observou-se uma mudança positiva ao se contemplar ações de atenção básica e de média e alta complexidades, legitimando, assim, a promoção da saúde auditiva, a prevenção de problemas que cursam com alterações auditivas e, na existência destas, ações de reabilitação com o auxílio de recursos tecnológicos. Tais ações deveriam organizar-se na perspectiva de redes, mas é em 2011 que esta proposta ganha força com a publicação da Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa Deficiência. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a integralidade do cuidado na atenção à saúde auditiva nos âmbitos municipal e regional, com ênfase no acesso, no vinculo e na autonomia do usuário. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, envolvendo análise documental, entrevistas com gestores e profissionais de saúde, assim como entrevistas com usuários dos serviços de modo a reconstituir seus itinerários terapêuticos (IT). Foram construídas narrativas a partir dos IT de seis usuários provenientes de um município de grande porte da região de Campinas/SP e o conjunto do material foi submetido a análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram dificuldades de acesso para adultos e idosos em todos os níveis de complexidade, desde a atenção básica até os serviços especializados, o que é menos evidente no caso de recém-nascidos e crianças, para os quais há mais agilidade e facilidade em acessar os serviços de saúde. Por outro lado, a ênfase na protetização domina a lógica de funcionamento dos serviços, com forte presença do setor privado, em detrimento de aspectos importantes como a construção de vínculo e a produção de autonomia. Isto é ainda mais evidente quando o usuário do serviço é surdo, visto que apenas um dos serviços está apto a receber usuários que se comunicam pela língua de sinais. A pesquisa aponta os desafios colocados para o alcance da integralidade em saúde auditiva e que possíveis caminhos para isso exigem o esforço dos profissionais na identificação das reais necessidades de saúde dos sujeitos, a garantia de acesso à reabilitação e uma maior articulação entre os profissionais e os serviços de saúde. Propostas recentes relacionadas à implementação de redes de cuidado para pessoas com deficiência podem aportar novas possibilidades de atuação na área e renovam as expectativas de avanços na atenção à saúde auditiva no país / Abstract: Since the creation of SUS until the early 2000s, the Hearing Health Attention had a clinical rehabilitation approach with emphasis on hearing problems already installed. In 2004, with the creation of the National Policy for Hearing Health Care, there was a positive change when the basic, medium and high hearing healthcare activities were implemented, what legitimated the promotion of hearing health promotion, prevention of problems with auditory damages and rehabilitation actions of such damages with technological resources. Such actions should be organized on a network perspective, but in 2011 that this proposal gains momentum with the publication of the Network of Care with People Disabilities. In this context, the present research aimed to analyze the comprehensiveness of the care in the healthcare network under municipal and regional jurisdiction, with emphasis on the access bond and the autonomy of the patient. It is a qualitative research, involving analysis of documents, interviews with managers and health professionals, as well as interviews with users of services in order to reconstitute their therapeutic itineraries (TI). Narratives were built from the TI of six users from a large city in the region of Campinas/SP and the entire material was subject to the content analysis technique. The results showed the difficulties of access for adults and the elderly at all levels of complexity, from basic care to specialized services, what is less evident in the case of infants and children, for which the health services access is faster and easier. On the other hand, the emphasis on hearing aids dominates the services operating logic, with a strong presence in the private sector, to the detriment of important aspects as the bond building and the production of users autonomy. This is even more intense when the user of the service is deaf, as only one of the services is able to receive users who communicate by sign language. The research points out the numerous challenges to achieve comprehensiveness in hearing health care and that possible paths for that require the efforts of professionals in identifying the real health needs of users, ensuring access to rehabilitation and greater articulation between professionals and the health services network . However, the scenario is of change and expectations with the publication of the latest proposals - the Plan Live without Limit and the Network of Care for Person with Disabilities, which suggests major advances over the next years / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

The venous ulcer has high rate of recurrence and chronicity and is the main chronic injury of lower limbs. It causes changes in the lives of people affected because it demands care to optimize the healing, which requires that the people with venous ulcers seek for health care. Thus, it is justified interest in to know the therapeutic itinerary, in other word, the route that people do for cares and treatments. This study is based in anthropological literature and it had as theoretical support the model of Health Care System proposed by Arthur Kleinman. The question was: How is it build the therapeutic itinerary of people with venous ulcers in outpatient service of the Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil? And it aimed to describe the therapeutic itinerary of people with venous ulcers attended in outpatient service of the Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This project integrates macroproject "Attention to patients with venous ulcers: implications for the nursing care" of Research Group "Care, Nursing and Health" of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. It was field, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. The participants were 14 people with venous ulcers attended in the outpatient service - Ward I of the hospital. The data collection occurred between January and February 2013 through semi-structured interviews. The data were subjected to content analysis. The permission to realization of study was requested by Education and Research Direction of the Hospital and the research project examined by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, being registered with number 23081.007762/2011-41. It was considered the guidelines that involve human research, contained in Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council. The results emerged categories which are presented in the form of articles. Article 1: Therapeutic itinerary of people with chronic health conditions: an integrative review; Article 2: Therapeutic itinerary: trend in nursing theses and dissertations; Article 3: Aspects addressed about venous ulcers in nursing theses and dissertations; Article 4: Therapeutic itinerary of people with venous ulcers in ambulatory care; Article 5: Influence of social support networks in the therapeutic itinerary of people with venous ulcers. Thus, it is expected that this research contribute to the deepening of understand of subject and to enable new understandings to the nursing, especially for health care aimed at socio-cultural reality of people with venous ulcers. / A úlcera venosa possui elevada taxa de recidiva e cronicidade e é a principal lesão crônica de membros inferiores. Causa mudanças na vida das pessoas acometidas, pois demanda cuidados para otimizar a cicatrização, o que exige que as pessoas com úlceras venosas busquem por cuidados à saúde. Assim, justificou-se o interesse em conhecer o itinerário terapêutico, ou seja, o percurso que as pessoas fazem por cuidados e tratamentos. Este estudo se embasou na literatura socioantropológica e teve como suporte teórico o modelo de Sistema de Cuidados à Saúde proposto por Arthur Kleinman. A questão norteadora foi: Como se constrói o itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com úlceras venosas assistidas no serviço ambulatorial do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil? E objetivou-se descrever o itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com úlceras venosas assistidas no serviço ambulatorial do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este projeto integra o macroprojeto Atenção aos usuários com úlcera venosa: implicações para o cuidado de Enfermagem do Grupo de Pesquisa Cuidado, Saúde e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os participantes foram 14 pessoas com úlceras venosas assistidas no serviço ambulatorial - Ala I do referido hospital. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2013, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. A autorização para a realização da pesquisa foi solicitada à Direção de Ensino e Pesquisa do hospital e o projeto de pesquisa analisado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sendo registrado com o número 23081.007762/2011-41. Considerou-se as diretrizes que envolvem pesquisas com seres humanos, contidas na Resolução 196/96, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Como resultados surgiram categorias, as quais são apresentadas no formato de artigos. Artigo 1: Itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com condições crônicas de saúde: revisão integrativa; Artigo 2: Itinerário terapêutico: tendência em teses e dissertações da enfermagem; Artigo 3: Aspectos abordados sobre úlcera venosa em teses e dissertações da enfermagem; Artigo 4: Itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com úlcera venosa em assistência ambulatorial; Artigo 5: Influência das redes sociais de apoio no itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com úlcera venosa. Dessa forma, espera-se que essa pesquisa possa contribuir para o aprofundamento do conhecimento da temática e possibilitar novas compreensões para a atuação da enfermagem, em especial, para um cuidado de saúde voltado à realidade sociocultural das pessoas com úlcera venosa.

The purpose of this study is to explain the process of designing the architecture of StrangeSpaces, an itinerant festival for transcultural performing arts groups or artists which starts from the original idea and terminates with the description of a possible structure. The process of designing StrangeSpaces is based on an investigation on the transcultural performing art’s field and on conversations with experts, which together transformed the original general idea of a festival, into the specific architecture of the StrangeSpaces festival. The investigation resulted in a personal definition of ”transcultural performing arts”, that subsequently led to the identifications of three elements of transculturalism which define the festival’s goals as ”encounter with the other” in multiples and different yet equal levels. Another result of this investigation is the contextualization of StrangeSpaces in the contemporary international cultural politics. In fact, the transcultural encounter and exchange can be viewed as a possible response to the increasing need of sustainable international performing art in local, national and European cultural communities. The conversations with experts in the field of international performing arts complemented the investigation, contributing to the ideological principles of StrangeSpaces, such as anti-racism and anti-colonialism, as well as to a model of democratic and sustainable design, in which multilingualism and cosmopolitan aspects of the society are essential cues. The result of the study is a design of the architecture of three versions of StrangeSpaces, an itinerant transcultural performing arts festival that is born to be a space, a free place where people play, exchange roles, art, experience starting from their own culture, but reaching and reflecting into the other, mirroring a society of sustainable diversity.

Air transportation offers both passenger and freight services that are essential for economic growth and development. In a highly competitive environment, airline companies have to control their operating costs by managing their flights, aircraft, and crews effectively. This motivates the extensive use of analytical techniques to solve complex problems related to airline operations planning, which includes schedule design, fleet assignment, aircraft routing, and crew scheduling. The initial problem addressed by airlines is that of schedule design, whereby a set of flights having specific origin and destination cities as well as departure and arrival times is determined. Then, a fleet assignment problem is solved to assign an aircraft type to each flight so as to maximize anticipated profits. This enables a decomposition of subsequent problems according to the different aircraft types belonging to a common family, for each of which an aircraft routing problem and a crew scheduling or pairing problem are solved. Here, in the aircraft routing problem, a flight sequence or route is built for each individual aircraft so as to cover each flight exactly once at a minimum cost while satisfying maintenance requirements. Finally, in the crew scheduling or pairing optimization problem, a minimum cost set of crew rotations or pairings is constructed such that every flight is assigned a qualified crew and that work rules and collective agreements are satisfied. In practice, most airline companies solve these problems in a sequential manner to plan their operations, although recently, an increasing effort is being made to develop novel approaches for integrating some of the airline operations planning problems while retaining tractability. This dissertation formulates and analyzes three different models, each of which examines a composition of certain pertinent airline operational planning problems. A comprehensive fourth model is also proposed, but is relegated for future research. In the first model, we integrate fleet assignment and schedule design by simultaneously considering optional flight legs to select along with the assignment of aircraft types to all scheduled legs. In addition, we consider itinerary-based demands pertaining to multiple fare-classes. A polyhedral analysis of the proposed mixed-integer programming model is used to derive several classes of valid inequalities for tightening its representation. Solution approaches are developed by applying Benders decomposition method to the resulting lifted model, and computational experiments are conducted using real data obtained from a major U.S. airline (United Airlines) to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedures as well as the benefits of integration. A comparison of the experimental results obtained for the basic integrated model and for its different enhanced representations reveals that the best modeling strategy among those tested is the one that utilizes a variety of five types of valid inequalities for moderately sized problems, and further implements a Benders decomposition approach for relatively larger problems. In addition, when a heuristic sequential fixing step is incorporated within the algorithm for even larger sized problems, the computational results demonstrate a less than 2% deterioration in solution quality, while reducing the effort by about 21%. We also performed an experiment to assess the impact of integration by comparing the proposed integrated model with a sequential implementation in which the schedule design is implemented separately before the fleet assignment stage based on two alternative profit maximizing submodels. The results obtained demonstrate a clear advantage of utilizing the integrated model, yielding an 11.4% and 5.5% increase in profits in comparison with using the latter two sequential models, which translates to an increase in annual profits by about $28.3 million and $13.7 million, respectively. The second proposed model augments the first model with additional features such as flexible flight times (i.e., departure time-windows), schedule balance, and demand recapture considerations. Optional flight legs are incorporated to facilitate the construction of a profitable schedule by optimally selecting among such alternatives in concert with assigning the available aircraft fleet to all the scheduled legs. Moreover, network effects and realistic demand patterns are effectively represented by examining itinerary-based demands as well as multiple fare-classes. Allowing flexibility on the departure times of scheduled flight legs within the framework of an integrated model increases connection opportunities for passengers, hence yielding robust schedules while saving fleet assignment costs. A provision is also made for airlines to capture an adequate market share by balancing flight schedules throughout the day. Furthermore, demand recapture considerations are modeled to more realistically represent revenue realizations. For this proposed mixed-integer programming model, which integrates the schedule design and fleet assignment processes while considering flexible flight times, schedule balance, and recapture issues, along with optional legs, itinerary-based demands, and multiple fare-classes, we perform a polyhedral analysis and utilize the Reformulation-Linearization Technique in concert with suitable separation routines to generate valid inequalities for tightening the model representation. Effective solution approaches are designed by applying Benders decomposition method to the resulting tightened model, and computational results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedures. Using real data obtained from United Airlines, when flight times were permitted to shift by up to 10 minutes, the estimated increase in profits was about $14.9M/year over the baseline case where only original flight legs were used. Also, the computational results indicated a 1.52% and 0.49% increase in profits, respectively, over the baseline case, while considering two levels of schedule balance restrictions, which can evidently also enhance market shares. In addition, we measured the effect of recaptured demand with respect to the parameter that penalizes switches in itineraries. Using values of the parameter that reflect 1, 50, 100, or 200 dollars per switched passenger, this yielded increases in recaptured demand that induced additional profits of 2.10%, 2.09%, 2.02%, and 1.92%, respectively, over the baseline case. Overall, the results obtained from the two schedule balance variants of the proposed integrated model that accommodate all the features of flight retiming, schedule balance, and demand recapture simultaneously, demonstrated a clear advantage by way of $35.1 and $31.8 million increases in annual profits, respectively, over the baseline case in which none of these additional features is considered. In the third model, we integrate the schedule design, fleet assignment, and aircraft maintenance routing decisions, while considering optional legs, itinerary-based demands, flexible flight retimings, recapture, and multiple fare-classes. Instead of utilizing the traditional time-space network (TSN), we formulate this model based on a flight network (FN) that provides greater flexibility in accommodating integrated operational considerations. In order to consider through-flights (i.e., a sequence of flight legs served by the same aircraft), we append a set of constraints that matches aircraft assignments on certain inbound legs into a station with that on appropriate outbound legs at the same station. Through-flights can generate greater revenue because passengers are willing to pay a premium for not having to change aircraft on connecting flights, thereby reducing the possibility of delays and missed baggage. In order to tighten the model representation and reduce its complexity, we apply the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) and also generate other classes of valid inequalities. In addition, since the model possesses many equivalent feasible solutions that can be obtained by simply reindexing the aircraft of the same type that depart from the same station, we introduce a set of suitable hierarchical symmetry-breaking constraints to enhance the model solvability by distinguishing among aircraft of the same type. For the resulting large-scale augmented model formulation, we design a Benders decomposition-based solution methodology and present extensive computational results to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. We explored four different algorithmic variants, among which the best performing procedure (Algorithm A1) adopted two sequential levels of Benders partitioning method. We then applied Algorithm A1 to perform several experiments to study the effects of different modeling features and algorithmic strategies. A summary of the results obtained is as follows. First, the case that accommodated both mandatory and optional through-flight leg pairs in the model based on their relative effects on demands and enhanced revenues achieved the most profitable strategy, with an estimated increase in expected annual profits of $2.4 million over the baseline case. Second, utilizing symmetry-breaking constraints in concert with compatible objective perturbation terms greatly enhanced problem solvability and thus promoted the detection of improved solutions, resulting in a $5.8 million increase in estimated annual profits over the baseline case. Third, in the experiment that considers recapture of spilled demand from primary itineraries to other compatible itineraries, the different penalty parameter values (100, 50, and 1 dollars per re-routed passenger) induced average respective proportions of 3.2%, 3.4%, and 3.7% in recaptured demand, resulting in additional estimated annual profits of $3.7 million, $3.8 million, and $4.0 million over the baseline case. Finally, incorporating the proposed valid inequalities within the model to tighten its representation helped reduce the computational effort by 11% on average, while achieving better solutions that yielded on average an increase in estimated annual profits of $1.4 million. In closing, we propose a fourth more comprehensive model in which the crew scheduling problem is additionally integrated with fleet assignment and aircraft routing. This integration is important for airlines because crew costs are the second largest component of airline operating expenses (after fuel costs), and the assignment and routing of aircraft plus the assignment of crews are two closely interacting components of the planning process. Since crews are qualified to typically serve a single aircraft family that is comprised of aircraft types having a common cockpit configuration and crew rating, the aircraft fleeting and routing decisions significantly impact the ensuing assignment of cockpit crews to flights. Therefore it is worthwhile to investigate new models and solution approaches for the integrated fleeting, aircraft routing, and crew scheduling problem, where all of these important inter-dependent processes are handled simultaneously, and where the model can directly accommodate various work rules such as imposing a specified minimum and maximum number of flying hours for crews on any given pairing, and a minimum number of departures at a given crew base for each fleet group. However, given that the crew scheduling problem itself is highly complex because of the restrictive work rules that must be heeded while constructing viable duties and pairings, the formulated integrated model would require further manipulation and enhancements along with the design of sophisticated algorithms to render it solvable. We therefore recommend this study for future research, and we hope that the modeling, analysis, and algorithmic development and implementation work performed in this dissertation will lend methodological insights into achieving further advances along these lines. / Ph. D.

Depuis les recommandations de l'OMS de la fin des années 1970, de nombreux pays enAfrique ont mis en place des dynamiques de reconnaissance de la médecinetraditionnelle et de ses praticiens. Cette thèse s'intéresse au projet de développement dela « médecine intégrative » à Madagascar, consistant en son intégration au sein dusystème de soins officiel et conventionnel. Ce projet a pour objectif l'amélioration de lasanté des populations et passe par une double évaluation : au niveau social avecl'encadrement des activités des tradipraticiens et au niveau thérapeutique avec larecherche sur les plantes médicinales et le développement de remèdes traditionnelsaméliorés. Cette recherche est le fruit d'une démarche méthodologique qui s'appuie surdes enquêtes multi-situées, avec un terrain de recherche dans la capitale malgache et sesenvirons et avec l'ethnographie d'une localité rurale de la région Analanjirofo (côte estde Madagascar). Cette approche s'intéresse d'un côté aux tentatives d'applications desdécisions politiques en matière d'encadrement de la médecine traditionnelle et de l'autreà la pratique concrète des soins traditionnels ainsi qu'aux comportements individuels etcommunautaires face à la gestion des maux, des malheurs et de la maladie avec desétudes de cas approfondies. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le champ de l'anthropologie de lasanté avec une orientation sur les dynamiques politiques et de développement. Unintérêt particulier est porté à la nature de la cohabitation entre praticiens (médecins,guérisseurs) se déclinant d'un simple référencement de patients à une plus rarecollaboration. Cette étude met en exergue le décalage pouvant exister entre desdécisions gouvernementales et leurs applications locales ainsi que les enjeux sociaux,politiques et économiques qui en résultent. / Following the WHO recommendations made in the late 1970s, many countries in Africahave implemented dynamics of recognition of traditional medicine and traditionalhealers. This dissertation focuses on the development of « integrative medicine » inMadagascar, consisting in its integration into the formal and conventional health caresystem. This development project, focusing on improving population's public health,requires a double evaluation: a social evaluation with the supervision of traditionalhealers' practices and a therapeutic evaluation with research on medicinal plants anddevelopment of improved traditional remedies. This research is the result of amethodological approach based on multi-located fieldworks conducted in the Malagasycapital and its surroundings and an ethnography of a rural town in the Analanjiroforegion (east coast of Madagascar). On one side, this approach focuses on the attempts ofapplication of political decisions regarding the supervision of traditional medicine andon the other side, on the real practice of traditional care as well as on individual andcommunal behaviours when facing disease, sickness, illness and misfortunes withextended case studies. This thesis contributes to the anthropology of health with a focuson political and developmental dynamics. A special emphasis is placed on the nature ofcohabitation existing between practitioners (doctors and traditional healers) going froma simple referencing of patients to a rare collaboration. This study tends to highlight thepossible gap between government decisions and local applications as well as theresulting social, political and economic issues.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-31T14:06:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA TREVISAN RIBEIRO.pdf: 120094826 bytes, checksum: 5cc8b757bc2034cd2690f505b9075694 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T14:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA TREVISAN RIBEIRO.pdf: 120094826 bytes, checksum: 5cc8b757bc2034cd2690f505b9075694 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The research proposes to study the implantation of the Paulista Railway Company and the importance of the line in the formation and configuration of medium and small cities of S?o Paulo, specifically the cities of Vinhedo, Valinhos and Louveira, along the line between Campinas and Jundia?. From the analysis of the remaining railway assets along the line and its relation with the formed urban tissues, it is intended to reflect on the selection and preservation criteria of the cultural heritage. To understand the dynamics that operate in the studied territory, two groups of territorial analysis are developed that cover the three municipalities: the first group presents the urban physical expansions in spots, dated for periods of 20 in 20 years; The second presents the land uses of the Cia. Paulista railway. The analyzes are intended to interweave changes in the territory and the remaining rail heritage in this set of cities, where the railway and its stations formed the whole responsible for the first urbanization of these cities. As a result of this process is obtained the conformation of a characteristic landscape, conformed by the railway axis. For the recognition of these remnants, the analysis of new concepts of protection, such as the cultural landscape and the cultural itinerary, both published by UNESCO, made it possible to note how the preservation, conservation and promotion policies of cultural heritage in the municipal spheres are still fragile and Unprepared to face the preservation of more complex sets. / A pesquisa prop?e-se a estudar a implanta??o da antiga Cia. Paulista de Estradas de Ferro e a import?ncia da linha na forma??o e configura??o das cidades m?dias e pequenas paulistas, especificamente as cidades de Vinhedo, Valinhos e Louveira, do trecho da linha entre Campinas e Jundia?. A partir da an?lise dos patrim?nios ferrovi?rios remanescentes ao longo da linha e sua rela??o com dos tecidos urbanos formados, pretende-se refletir sobre crit?rios de sele??o e preserva??o dos bens. Para entender as din?micas e os fen?menos que atuam no territ?rio estudado, desenvolvem-se dois grupos de an?lise territorial que abrangem os tr?s munic?pios: o primeiro grupo apresenta as expans?es f?sicas urbanas em manchas, datadas por per?odos de 20 em 20 anos; o segundo apresenta os usos do solo do entorno da ferrovia da Cia. Paulista. As an?lises t?m o intuito de entrecruzar as mudan?as ocorridas no territ?rio e o legado ferrovi?rio remanescente neste conjunto de cidades, onde a ferrovia e suas esta??es formavam o conjunto respons?vel pela primeira urbaniza??o destes n?cleos. Como resultado desse processo obt?m-se a conforma??o de uma paisagem caracter?stica, conformada pelo eixo ferrovi?rio. Para a recogni??o destes remanescentes, a an?lise de novos conceitos de prote??o, como a paisagem cultural e o itiner?rio cultural, ambos chancelados pela UNESCO, possibilitou constatar o quanto as pol?ticas de preserva??o, conserva??o e promo??o do patrim?nio cultural nas esferas municipais ainda s?o fr?geis e despreparadas para enfrentar a preserva??o de conjuntos mais complexos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cezar Lima.pdf: 1035490 bytes, checksum: 7654790bdf810ef04605c9ba784499e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The institutional determinations about juvenile delinquents who spent some time in the tutelary and attendance complex in Londrina (PR.), including those who were murdered, constitute the study object of this thesis. The purpose of the research was to analyze the penalizing route prior to those youngsters death, focusing on the practices of social and juridical technicians working in institutions responsible for these youngsters provisional internment, judicial sentence and follow-up of social-educational measures outside the institutions. The data gathering and the record analysis carried out together with the project Murialdo, the Integrated Center for the Attendance of the Juvenile Delinquent (CIAADI/SAS) and the Infancy and Juvenile Jurisdiction of the Forum of Londrina Pr., made it possible to obtain information and analyze the processes to discuss the selectivity of the juvenile penal justice, the negative figure of crime and the regularity of the penalizing discourse among agents authorized to deal with juvenile delinquents, and those who were exterminated during the period they were carrying out social-educational measures outside the institutions. The analytical issue of the research asks to what extent the adoption of juridical-political measures of juvenile control from a distance represent the continuity of official penalizing solutions, based on academic-discourse practices with the purpose of extending the mechanisms of control, life management and continuous reinforcement of the State power. Against this, the thesis intends to criticize the model of action of the juvenile control apparatus and stimulate changes of attitude that call the attention to the existence of a society without penalties and make it viable, apart from the State penal justice apparatuses, the creation of conflicts solution mechanisms which grant power to the parts directly and indirectly involved, to solve the problems where they occur / As determinações institucionais sobre os adolescentes infratores que passaram pelo complexo tutelar e assistencial de atendimento em Londrina (PR), incluindo os que foram vítimas de assassinato, constituem o objeto de estudo da tese. O propósito da pesquisa foi analisar o trajeto penalizador anterior à morte daqueles jovens focalizando as práticas dos técnicos sociais e jurídicos inseridos nas instituições responsáveis pelo internamento provisório, sentenças judiciais e acompanhamento das medidas sócio-educativas a céu aberto. O levantamento de dados e a análise dos autos, junto ao Projeto Murialdo, ao Centro Integrado de Atendimento ao Adolescente Infrator (CIAADI/SAS) e à Vara da Infância e da Juventude do Fórum de Londrina-Pr, permitiram obter informações e analisar os processos para debater a seletividade da justiça penal juvenil, a cifra negra do crime e a regularidade do discurso penalizador entre os agentes autorizados a lidarem com os jovens autores de atos infracionais e os que foram exterminados durante o cumprimento das medidas sócio-educativas em meio aberto. A questão analítica da pesquisa indaga até que ponto a adoção das medidas jurídico-políticas de controle juvenil à distância representa a continuidade de soluções oficiais penalizadoras calcada em práticas acadêmico-discursivas com vistas a expandir os mecanismos de controle, de gerenciamento da vida e de reforço contínuo do poder de Estado. Em oposição a isso, a tese busca fazer uma crítica ao modelo de atuação dos aparelhos juvenis de controle e impulsionar mudanças de atitudes que chamam a atenção para a existência de uma sociedade sem penas e viabilizar, à margem dos aparelhos de justiça penal do Estado, a criação de mecanismos de solução dos conflitos que concede, às partes direta e indiretamente envolvidas, poderes para resolver os problemas aonde eles ocorrem