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11	O pensamento radical de Thomas Paine (1793-1797): artífice e obra da Revolução Francesa / The radical thought of Thomas Paine (1793-1797): author and outcome of the French Revolution Daniel Gomes de Carvalho 08 December 2017 (has links) Esta tese examina três escritos de Thomas Paine (1737-1809) elaborados durante a Revolução Francesa, os quais representam as reflexões mais radicais de seu pensamento religioso, político e social. Em primeiro lugar, será analisado o panfleto The Age of Reason, expressão máxima de seu radicalismo religioso, que teve sua primeira parte escrita em 1793 e a segunda em 1794. Contrapondo-se, por um lado, às religiões reveladas e, por outro lado, à descristianização do período jacobino, nesse texto o deísmo é apresentado como a face religiosa da democracia vindoura. Em segundo lugar, será analisado o texto Dissertation on the First Principles of Government, redigido e publicado em 1795, a mais acabada exposição da teoria democrática. A um só tempo contrário ao liberalismo termidoriano e crítico do que fora o jacobinismo, nesse texto Paine opõe-se categoricamente àqueles que pensavam a propriedade privada como um direito natural que poderia ser equivalente ou mesmo superior aos direitos naturais de liberdade e a igualdade. Por fim, será analisado o texto Agrarian Justice, expressão máxima de seu radicalismo social, produzido no inverno de 1795-1796 (publicado em 1797). Em reação tanto ao liberalismo irredutível dos termidorianos, quanto às propostas igualitaristas de Graco Babeuf, o texto apresenta-se como uma proposta de erradicação da pobreza sem romper com os princípios do que seria política liberal. Pretende-se captar o sentido do pensamento de Paine no contexto da Revolução Francesa e discutir a validadade da afirmação de Eric Hobsbawm na Era das Revoluções, segundo a qual Paine, radical nos Estados Unidos, seria um moderado girondino na França. Na contramão da maioria das interpretações correntes, a pesquisa objetiva repensar a figura de Paine, mostrando sua relevância como intérprete da Revolução Francesa e como nome fundamental para a história do pensamento político, religioso e social. / This thesis examines three writings of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) elaborated during the French Revolution, which represents the most radical reflections of his religious, political and social thought. In the first place, the pamphlet The Age of Reason will be analyzed, that contains the maximum expression of his religious radicalism, which have had its first part written in 1793 and the second in 1794. Contradicting, on the one hand, to the revealed religions, and, on the other hand, to the dechristianization of the Jacobin period, in this text, deism is presented as the religious face of the coming democracy. Secondly, the text Dissertation on the First Principles of Government will be analyzed, the most complete exposition of his democratic theory, drafted and published in 1795. Contrary to Thermidorian and critical of what Jacobinism was, in this text Paine categorically opposes those who thought private property as a natural right that could be equivalent or even superior to the natural rights of freedom and equality. Finally, the text Agrarian Justice will be analyzed, the maximum expression of its social radicalism, produced in the winter of 1795-1796 (published in 1797). In reaction to both the irreducible liberalism of the Thermidorians and the egalitarian proposals of Graco Babeuf, the text presents itself as a proposal to eradicate poverty without breaking with the principles of what would be liberal politics. This analysis seeks to capture the meaning of Paine\'s thinking in the context of the French Revolution and to discuss the validity of Eric Hobsbawm\'s statement in the Age of Revolutions that Paine, radical in the United States, would be a \"moderate Girondist\" in France. Contrary to current interpretations, this research aims to rethink the figure of Paine, showing his relevance as an interpreter of the French Revolution and as a fundamental name for the history of political, religious and social thought. Deísmo Democracia Iluminismo Imposto progressivo Jacobinismo Liberalismo Panfleto Propriedade Religião Renda universal Revolução Francesa Thomas Paine Basic income Deism Democracy Enlightenment French Revolution Jacobinism Liberalism Pamphlet Progressive tax Property Religion Thomas Paine
12	Discours épilinguistique et construction identitaire dans le contexte kabyle : espaces de référence multiples et identité / Epilinguistic discourse and identity construction in the Kabyle context : multiple reference spaces and identity Issaadi, Nadir 05 September 2014 (has links) Comment les locuteurs kabyles vivent-ils la diversité linguistique de leur région ? Dans quellemesure les discours épilinguistiques (discours proférés sur les langues) de nos informateursproduisent-ils une hiérarchisation des langues et des espaces dans le contexte kabyle ? Quelleattitude adoptent-ils et comment réagissent-ils face à cette hiérarchisation sociolinguistique età la relation langue/dominance dans leur imaginaire sociolinguistique ? À quel point lesdiscours épilinguistiques de nos informateurs énoncent-ils le statut et la légitimité d’emploi dukabyle comparativement aux autres systèmes linguistiques (il s’agit dans ce cas de l’arabe etdu français) posés en complémentarité ou en concurrence ? Nous verrons en quoi les discoursépilinguistiques de nos informateurs leur permettent de poser et de décliner leur identitésociale par une appropriation ou un rejet de ce qui est dit sur leur langue et leur territoire.Nous entendons par territoire non seulement la Kabylie en tant qu’entité géographique maisaussi en tant qu’espace linguistique et social. En effet, nous verrons comment se produisentl'appropriation symbolique de l'espace et le marquage sociolinguistique du territoire kabylepar le biais des représentations de nos informateurs. L’objectif de notre travail est de menerune réflexion théorique sur la question de l’articulation entre l’identité, le langage, l'espace etles représentations sociolinguistiques. / How do Kabyle speakers live their region’s linguistic diversity? To what extent do ourinformants’ epilinguistic discourses made about languages produce a hierarchy of bothlanguage and geographical space in the Kabyle context? What attitude do they adopt and howdo they react to this sociolinguistic prioritization and to the matter of language Vs dominancein their sociolinguistic imagination? To what extent do the informants’ epilinguisticdiscourses portray the status and the legitimacy of the use of Kabyle language compared toother linguistic systems (in that case Arabic and French languages), put in a complimentary orin a competing relationship? In fact, we will demonstrate how the epilinguistic discourses ofour informants allow them to state and convey their social identity through appropriation orrejection of what is said about their language and territory. By territory, we mean not onlyKabylie as a geographical entity but as a linguistic and social space as well. Indeed, we shallexpose how both the symbolic appropriation of space and the Kabyle sociolinguistic markingof territory are produced through the representations of our informants. The purpose of ourwork is to conduct a theoretical reflection on the relationship between identity, language,space and sociolinguistic representations. Langues Espace Identité Kabylie Hiérarchisation Dominance Représentations sociolinguistiques Catégorisation spatio-linguistique Appropriation Marquage symbolique du territoire Discours Berbère Amazigh Arabisation Région/État Idéologie Politique linguistique Jacobinisme Variation Norme Languages Space Identity Kabylie Hierarchy Dominance Sociolinguistic representations Linguistic spatial categorization Appropriation Symbolic marking of territory Discourses Berber Amazigh Arabization Region/state Ideology Language policy Jacobinism Variation Standard 410
13	Political Atheism vs. The Divine Right of Kings: Understanding 'The Fairy of the Lake' (1801) Post, Andy 30 April 2014 (has links) In 'Political Atheism vs. The Divine Right of Kings,' I build on Thompson and Scrivener’s work analysing John Thelwall’s play 'The Fairy of the Lake' as a political allegory, arguing all religious symbolism in 'FL' to advance the traditionally Revolutionary thesis that “the King is not a God.” My first chapter contextualises Thelwall’s revival of 17th century radicalism during the French Revolution and its failure. My second chapter examines how Thelwall’s use of fire as a symbol discrediting the Saxons’ pagan notion of divine monarchy, also emphasises the idolatrous apotheosis of King Arthur. My third chapter deconstructs the Fairy of the Lake’s water and characterisation, and concludes her sole purpose to be to justify a Revolution beyond moral reproach. My fourth chapter traces how beer satirises Communion wine, among both pagans and Christians, in order to undermine any religion that could reinforce either divinity or the Divine Right of Kings. / A close reading of an all-but-forgotten Arthurian play as an allegory against the Divine Right of Kings. John Thelwall (1764-1834) Romanticism Romantic literature Romantic poetry Romantic nationalism Romantic medievalism Romantic antequarianism Saxon antequarianism Norse/Viking antequarianism Celtic antequarianism Whig history Jacobinism political allegory closet drama Early Modern Christianity Church of England Anglicanism Loyalism Germanic paganism Anglo-Saxon England Britain Wales French Revolution Glorious Revolution English Civil War King James I &VI John Milton Algernon Sidney Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth Robert Southey Edmund Burke Simon Cottle Torquato Tasso Edda Northern Antiquities King Arthur Arthurian Sir Walter Scott Classical republicanism republicanism radicalism anti-monarchism fire water beer cwrw wassail Eucharist Communion Gothic Divine Right of Kings Political atheism Judith Thompson Michael Scrivener

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