Psykosocial arbetsmiljö är samspelet mellan psykiska och fysiska faktorer vilka är av vikt för en individs hälsa, välbefinnande och arbetstrivsel. Forskning inom området har främst fokuserat på hälsa, välmående och stress där krav-kontrollmodellen är en vanligt förekommande modell. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur faktorerna krav, kontroll och socialt stöd relaterar till arbetstrivsel. Utgångspunkt var krav-kontroll-stödmodellen samt dess relation och interaktion till arbetstrivsel utifrån fem frågeställningar och tre hypoteser. Medverkande var 65 kvinnor och 22 män från två kontor inom en statlig myndighet i Mellansverige. Undersökningen genomfördes med en enkät inspirerad av mätinstrumenten ASK 2.0 och Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. En trevägs variansanalys påvisade resultatet att kontroll eller stöd kan vara av betydelse för arbetstrivsel, men krav verkar inte vara avgörande. De anställda ser ut att trivas och befinner sig antingen i det avspända eller i det aktiva arbetet.

With the increasing mental health challenges, a growing demand for professional help can be seen. Despite their crucial role in society, the counseling profession is not sufficiently researched. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine counselors' ability to disconnect from work in their private lives in relation to workload. The study included 89 counselors, including 16 men, 72 women, and 1 identifying as other. The survey consisted of several background variables and two already well-developed measurement instruments, along with a self-created instrument. The analysis revealed that only the variable demand can explain 50% of the variation regarding spillover. The factors demand and control had the strongest correlation with the ability to disconnect from work. Furthermore, the analysis showed that women are more affected by work-related demand than men. Finally, the result demonstrated that a high level of health had a positive effect on spillover and the impact of the demand variable on the individual. The results allowed for further research, such as exploring the difference between 'old' and 'new' counselors.

De senaste decennierna har chefers arbetsförhållanden i den kvinnodominerade offentliga sektorn genomgått betydande förändringar, att cheferna exempelvis blivit tilldelade fler ansvarsområden i form av kostnads- och effektiviseringsansvar. Senare har det visat sig att chefer i kvinnodominerade yrken har en bristande arbetsmiljö, detta på grund av höga arbetskrav och en hög grad av påfrestningar i arbetet. I samråd med en kvinnodominerad kommunal verksamhet har jag fått uppdraget att i denna studie genomföra en uppföljande undersökning om enhetschefernas upplevelser av sin organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljö utifrån krav, kontroll och stöd i arbetet. Denna studie undersöker även hur upplevelserna av arbetsmiljön förstås utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Studien har ett abduktivt angreppssätt och empiriinsamlingen har skett genom sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att analysera det empiriska materialet har tematisk analys tillämpats. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av Karasek och Theorells (1990) krav-kontroll-stödmodell, Connell och Pearses (201) synsätt på genus som socialt konstruerat samt Ackers (1990) synsätt på att genus produceras i organisationer genom genusskapande processer. Resultatet visar att enhetscheferna arbetar i en verksamhet som är gränslös, detta genom att arbetsuppgifterna som tillhör arbetet aldrig tar slut. Inom ramen för enhetschefernas arbete förekommer variationer i upplevelsen av arbetsmiljön, vilket tyder på att förmågan eller möjligheten att sätta gränser i arbetet blir viktigt. Föreställningar om skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga egenskaper har betydelse för hur enhetscheferna upplever sin arbetsmiljö. Detta genom att resultatet visade att enhetscheferna upplever att kvinnor är sämre på gränsdragningar och att kvinnor inte respekteras av arbetsgivaren när de sätter gränser i arbetet i lika hög utsträckning som män. / During the recent decades, managers’ working conditions in the Swedish women dominated public sector have undergone important changes. For example, managers’ responsibilities have been expanded to contain more responsibilities of costs and efficiency. Later, it has been found that managers in professions dominated by women have a lack of sustainable working environment, caused by high job demands and a high degree of work strains. In consultation with a dominated municipal function in northern Sweden, I have been commissioned to investigate how first line managers experience their organizational and social work environment (psychosocial work environment) in this study, based on job demands, job control and social support. This study also investigates the work environment out of a gender perspective. The study has an abductive approach and the empiricism have been collected with qualitative semi structured interviews, where the number of interviews was seven. Thematic analysis has been devoted and the results have been analyzed by using Karasek and Theorell’s (1999) job demand-control-support model, Connell and Pearse’s (2015) idea of gender as socially constructed, and Ackers (1990) idea that gender is created in organizations through gender creating processes. The result shows that the first line managers are working in a municipal function that are boundless, which means that the work tasks never run out. Within the frames of the managers’ work there are variations in the experiences of the work environment. The result shows that the ability and possibility of setting boundaries in their work are important. The imagination of differences between male and female behavior are important for how the first line managers experience their work environment. The results also show that the first line managers experience that women are not as god as men to set boundaries in their work, and that women are not respected by the employer equally as men when it comes to set boundaries.

The workplace is an arena that most individuals spend time at. Work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints are problems for the society. Work-related stress has increased in Sweden over the past decades. The aim was to investigate the difference between men and women in work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints among working adults in the Swedish population, and to see if there is a relationship between work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. The author posted an online survey on Facebook and Discord and 95 adults answered the survey. The result showed that there is a relationship between work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. Psychosomatic complaints are more common among those who experience more work-related stress. There were no differences between men and women when it comes to work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. The model Job demand control support model was used in this study. The model is measured with scales such as workload, time pressure and role conflicts. It can be used to see the relationship between job decision latitude and stress indicators. Psychosomatic complaints are more common among those who experience more stress. There are no differences between men and women when it comes to psychosomatic complaints and work-related stress.

På senare år har den arbetsrelaterade psykiska ohälsan stått för stora delar av sjukskrivningarna. Man har sett ett mönster mellan långtidssjukskrivningar och de yrkeskategorier som upplevt en ökning mellan psykiska krav och möjligheten för individerna att anpassa sitt egna arbete. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur trafikkonsulenter inom flygsektorn subjektivt upplevt sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö under pandemin. I studien användes QPSNordic som mätverktyg. Totalt var det 82 deltagare som besvarade enkäten, och 72% av de var kvinnor. Studiens resultat jämfördes med QPSNordics referensdata (N=2010) och två separata Pearson korrelationsanalyser genomfördes. Resultatet visade ett positivt signifikant samband mellan socialt stöd och kontroll i arbetet. Medelvärdena i referensdata skiljde sig framförallt åt i skalan ”kontroll av arbetstakt”. Resultaten visade att trafikkonsulenter som upplevde hög grad av socialt stöd också upplevde en hög grad av kontroll i sitt arbete, vilket också stöds i tidigare forskning. / In recent years, work-related mental ill-health has increasingly caused long-time sick leave, and a pattern has been seen, showing increased long-term sick leave for the occupational categories that have increased mental demands and less possibility for employees to control their own work. The purpose of this study was to study how traffic consultants in the aviation industry subjectively experienced their psychosocial work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic. QPSNordic, a questionnaire designed to study psychological, social and organizational working conditions, was used as measurement tool. A total of 82 participants answered the survey, 72% women and 28% men. The results of the study were compared with QPSNordic's reference data (N = 2010), and two separate Pearson correlation analyzes were performed. The results showed a positive significant relationship between social support and individual control of work. The mean values in the reference data differed mainly in the scale range: control of work rate. The results showed that traffic consultants who experienced a high degree of social support also experienced a high degree of control in their work, which corresponds with prior research.

The present study examines how the relationship between workplace bullying and mental health can be influenced by emotional exhaustion, and how the intensity in this relationship can be affected by the individual’s psychological capital, and access to social support from colleagues and supervisors. The studys theoretical framework is based on the Job Demand-Control-Support model, the Job Demands-Resources model and the Conservation of Resources theory. Data were collected at Indian workplaces and included 139 participants. The study used a self-report questionnaire and was analyzed with mediation and moderation as main analysis methods. In line with previous research, results showed that psychological capital as a whole moderated the negative effects on mental health that follow from being exposed to workplace bullying. Emotional exhaustion was found to be a mediator in the association between workplace bullying and mental health problems. Psycological capital resilience fully moderated the mediating association between workplace bullying and mental health problems via emotional exhaustion. Psychological capital optimism moderated the association between bullying and emotional exhaustion, but not the full mediation. Social support was shown not to moderate the negative effects of workplace bullying on mental health, which does not support previous findings.

Studien syftade till att undersöka på vilket sätt arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy predicerade de arbetsrelaterade stressorerna krav, kontroll och socialt stöd hos verksamma inom kontaktyrken (N=63). Syftet var också att undersöka om, och därest på vilket sätt, prediktionerna modererades av ålder. Genom en kvantitativ studie distribuerades en webbenkät till slutna Facebook-grupper för verksamma inom kontaktyrken. Webbenkäten innehöll en mätskala för arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och en mätskala för krav, kontroll samt socialt stöd i arbete. Vidare efterfrågades ålder samt andra demografiska frågor. Resultaten analyserades genom tre linjära (enkla) regressionsanalyser vilka inte påvisade statistiskt signifikanta linjära samband mellan arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och krav, kontroll eller socialt stöd. Vidare påvisade tre modereringsanalyser inte några statistiskt signifikanta modererande effekter av ålder på prediktionerna mellan arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och krav, kontroll eller socialt stöd i arbete. / The purpose of this study was to investigate in what way occupational self-efficacy predicted the work-related stressors job demands, control and social support among human services workers (N=63). Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate if, and subsequently how, the predictions were moderated by age. Through a quantitative study, a web-based survey was distributed to closed Facebook-groups for workers in human services. The web-based survey contained a measure for occupational self-efficacy and a measure for job demands, control and social support. Additionally, age and other demographic questions were included. The results were analysed by three linear (simple) regression analyses which showed no statistically significant linear relationships between occupational self-efficacy and job demands, control or social support. Three moderation analyses found no statistically significant moderating effects by age on the predictions between occupational self-efficacy and job demands, control or social support.