Introduktion: Kardiovaskulära sjukdomar är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och den största dödsorsaken i världen. Sömnbesvär är ett eskalerande folkhälsoproblem och har en betydande risk för kardiovaskulär sjuklighet och död. Det krävs att kunskapen ökar gällande omvårdnadsinterventioner mot sömnbesvär hos personer med kardiovaskulära sjukdomar för att minska riskerna för folksjukdomar och för tidig död. Syfte: Redogöra för distriktssköterskans omvårdnadsinterventioner hos personer med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Metod: En litteraturstudie med ett systematiskt arbetssätt har utförts, som utgår från Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärderings (SBU) riktlinjer. Åtta kvantitativa och tre kvalitativa studier inkluderades i resultatet. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer en huvudkategori samt fyra underkategorier av omvårdnadsinterventioner. Huvudkategorin: professionellt stöd och de fyra underkategorierna: kognitiv beteendeterapi mot sömnbesvär (KBT-I), individuella behandlingsplaner, utbildning samt komplementär och alternativmedicinsk behandling (KAM) som främjar sömnkvalitet hos patienter med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Slutsats: Flera evidensbaserade omvårdnadsinterventioner har stor betydelse för att minska sömnbesvären och förbättra sömnkvalitet hos patienter med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Det är av värde att behandlingen inkluderar professionellt stöd, sömnutbildning, sjukdomslära, läkemedelskunskap, erbjuda individanpassade behandlingar samt öka implementering av KBT-I. Omvårdnadsinterventioner kan appliceras inom alla områden som en distriktssköterska arbetar inom men det ställer högre krav på vården att få och erbjuda rätt utbildning. / Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a global public health problem and the leading cause of death in the world. Sleep disorders are an escalating public health problem and sleep disorders have a significant risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Knowledge is required to increase current nursing interventions for sleep disorders in people with cardiovascular diseases in order to reduce the risks of common diseases and death. Aim: Describe the district nurse's nursing interventions in people with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. Method: A review with a systematic approach has been performed, which is based on SBU:s guidelines. Eight quantitative and three qualitative studies were included in the results. Results: The results show a main category and four subcategories of nursing interventions. The main category was professional support and the four subcategories were: cognitive behavioral therapy for sleep disorders (CBT-I), individual treatment, education and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that promotes sleep quality in patients with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. Conclusion: Several evidence-based nursing interventions are of great importance in reducing sleep disorders and improving sleep quality in patients with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. It is of value that all treatment includes professional support, training in sleep, pathology and pharmaceutical knowledge, offer individualized treatments and increase implementation of CBT-I. These nursing interventions can be applied in all areas in which a district nurse works, but it places higher demands on the care to receive and offer the right training.

Kardiovaskulära sjukdomar är den vanligaste dödsorsaken i världen. Hjärtrehabilitering är en omtumlande situation för de drabbade. Att som vårdpersonal ha insikt om patienters erfarenheter av hjärtrehabilitering efter kardiovaskulär sjukdom är betydelsefullt för att kunna tillgodose en god och personcentrerad omvårdnad. Den strukturerade litteraturstudiens syfte var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av hjärtrehabilitering vid kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Studiens resultat grundades på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Tre huvudteman framkom i resultatet; Erfarenhet av stöd, Erfarenhet av information och Erfarenhet av fysisk aktivitet. I resultatet framkom det att peer support har en betydande roll i hjärtrehabiliteringen, både ur ett socialt- och psykiskt perspektiv. Det fanns en osäkerhet kring fysisk aktivitet efter insjuknande, framförallt vid kroppsliga reaktioner som påminde om insjuknandet. Den stora mängd information som gavs i den akuta fasen ansågs vara svår att absorbera. Den erhållna informationen ansågs vara mer generell och inte skräddarsydd efter patientens egna hinder och möjligheter. Det finns ett behov av vidare utbildning om patienters erfarenheter hos vårdpersonal för att kunna applicera en god och personcentrerad omvårdnad till patientgruppen. / Cardiovascular diseases is the most common cause of death in the world. Cardiac rehabilitation is an difficult time for the affected. Health professionals need insight in patients experiences of cardiac rehabilitation to be able to provide good and person centered care. The aim of the structured literature study was to explore patients affected by cardiovascular diseases experiences of cardiac rehabilitation. the result of the study was based on 11 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Three main themes emerged: Experiences of support, Experiences of information and Experiences of physical activity. The result illustrate the significance of peer support in cardiac rehabilitation for participants, both social and psychological. Participants experienced insecurity regarding physical activity, especially because it reminded them of their negative experiences of chest pain and increased heart rate.The information received at the acute phase was hard for the patients to absorb. The information was perceived as general by the patients and not customized for their specific situation. A need for further education about patients experiences for health professionals is seen for them to be able to provide a good and person centered care

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka aktuell forskning omlågkolhydratdiet. Utifrån det materialet ställdes sedan frågorna vilka risker ochförtjänster en lågkolhydratkost kan medföra, samt hur sjuksköterskan kan användaden kunskapen i omvårdnadsarbetet. Litteraturstudien utfördes med hjälp avGoodmans sju steg. Litteratursökningen gjordes i huvudsak i PubMed ochCINAHL. Granskning och kvalitetsbedömning utfördes synkront av författarnaefter ett modifierat protokoll. Fjorton artiklar, varav tre behandlades som en, avvarierande kvalitet inkluderades i litteraturstudien. Som teoretisk grund användesPolit & Beck samt delar av Orems egenvårdsteori. Resultatet visade på förtjänsterbeträffande viktnedgång, förbättrade glukos- och lipidvärden hos överviktiga ochobesa individer som under en kortare tid följer en lågkolhydratdiet. Resultatetvisade även på risker såsom ökad dödlighet, kardiovaskulär sjukdom samt risk förgraviditetskomplikationer på grund av lågt intag av frukt och vissa grönsaker isamband med lågkolhydratdiet. Ytterligare forskning är nödvändig dålångtidsstudier av hög kvalitet saknas. / The purpose of the study was to examine current research regarding low carbohydrate diets. Questions were asked about risks and benefits of low carbohydrate diets on the basis of the material and how nurses can use this knowledge in nursing. The literature review was carried out by means of Goodman's seven steps. The literature search was done mainly in PubMed and CINAHL. Review and quality assessment was carried out synchronously by the authors after a modified protocol. Fourteen articles, three of which were treated as one, of varied quality were included in this study. Polit & Beck and parts of Orems self-care theory was used as a theoretical base. The results showed benefits regarding weight loss, improved glucose- and lipid values in overweight and obese individuals following a low carbohydrate diet during a short period of time. Due to the low intake of fruit and certain vegetables in low carbohydrate diets risks such as mortality, especially in cardiovascular disease, and even risk for pregnancy complications increased. Further research is necessary since there is a lack of long term high quality studies.

Systemisk lupus erythematosus (SLE) är en kronisk autoimmun sjukdom där immunförsvaret angriper kroppens egen vävnad och förorsakar inflammation. Den drabbar främst kvinnor i fertil ålder och antalet nya fall av SLE är 2–8 per 100 000 invånare årligen i Sverige. Sjukdomens orsak är okänd men tros bero på ett samspel mellan genetiska faktorer, miljöfaktorer och hormonpåverkan. Ökad risk för hjärtinfarkt och stroke syns hos SLE patienter. Markörer som är förknippade med SLE och kardiovaskulär sjukdom och presenterades i detta arbete är IFN-α2a, vaskulär celladhesionsmolekylen (VCAM-1) och S100A8/A9. Sjukdomen kännetecknas av bildandet av stora mängder autoantikroppar mot proteiner med nukleärt ursprung och dubbelsträngat DNA. Anti-fosfolipidantikroppar (aPL) är autoantikroppar som binder till strukturer på fosfolipider eller till komplex av proteiner och fosfolipider. Antikroppar mot kardiolipin (aCL) och mot β2-glykoprotein (aβ2GP1) är exempel på aPL och förekommer hos 20–30 % av SLE patienterna. En ytterligare aPL är anti-fosfatidylserin/protrombin (aPS/PT). aPL förknippas med högre risk för kardiovaskulär sjukdom. Syftet med arbetet var att mäta koncentrationen av IFN-α2a, VCAM-1, S100A8/A9 och aPL, och därefter analysera hur de förhåller sig till varandra samt förekomst av kardiovaskulär sjukdom. Koncentrationer av nämnda markörer och aPL mättes med olika immunoassays i 199 prover som tagits vid olika tidpunkter från 66 patienter, och korrelation analyserades med icke-parametriska metoder. Resultatet visar förväntade signifikanta korrelationer mellan sjukdomsaktivitet och IFN-α2a, VCAM-1 samt S100A8/A9. Alla undersökta aPL korrelerade med varandra. IgG antikroppar korrelerade bättre än IgM med IFN-α2a, VCAM-1, S100A8/A9 och sjukdomsaktiviteten. IFN-α2a hade en signifikant korrelation med VCAM-1, aCL-IgG och aPS/PT-IgG. VCAM-1 korrelerade däremot med IFN-α2a, aCL-IgG, aβ2GP1-IgG och aPS/PT-IgG. Ingen association mellan kardiovaskulär sjukdom och de undersökta markörerna samt aPL i patienternas första prov kunde påvisas. / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronical autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue and causes inflammation. The disease affects mainly women of childbearing age with 2 to 8 new cases per 100 000 inhabitants yearly in Sweden. One main feature of SLE is the expression of autoantibodies specific to autoantigens with nuclear origin. The cause of SLE is unknown but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic factors, environmental factors, and hormonal influence. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke is increased in SLE. Markers that are associated with SLE and cardiovascular disease and got presented in this paper are IFN-α2a, Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the complex S100A8/A9. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are a type of antibodies which binds to structures on phospholipids or to complex of proteins and phospholipids. Antibodies against cardiolipin (aCL) and β2-glycoprotein (aβ2GP1) are two aPLs which can be found in 20-30 % of SLE patients. Another example of aPLs is antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT). aPLs are associated with higher risk for CVD. The aim of this study was to study mentioned markers and aPLs to acquire better understanding of how they relate to each other and to CVD. The concentrations of these markers and aPLs were measured in 199 different samples which were taken from 66 patients and correlations were analyzed with non-parametric statistical methods. Results have shown as expected significant correlations for the biomarkers IFN-α2a, VCAM-1 and S100A8/A9 with disease activity. All aPLs have shown strong correlation to each other. IgG correlated better than IgM with the different biomarkers and disease activity. IFN-α2a had strong correlation to VCAM-1, aCL-IgG, and aPS/PT-IgG. VCAM-1 on the other hand had significant correlation to IFN-α2a, aCL-IgG, aβ2GP1-IgG and aPS/PT-IgG. No association could be found in this study between CVD and the studied markers, and aPLs in the first sample of each patient.

<p>Consequences of atherosclerosis may result in a number of diseases of the cardiovascular system that represent serious health problems and major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is initially considered as disease of fibro-lipid and thrombus deposition in the arterial wall, it also involves an ongoing inflammatory response.</p><p>Normally, the inflammatory response is considered as a protective defence mechanism of the body. However, if the inflammation gets out of proportion to the threat it is dealing with, it may then result in a sustained chronic disorder and thus may underlie the initial stage of atherogenesis. The work of this thesis focuses on the expression of cytokines/chemokines and the vascular transcriptional response to inflammation, i.e. LPS in atherosclerosis. This has mainly been studied in animal models of atherosclerosis; consequently, we set out to investigate these events using human material in vitro (human carotid lesions).</p><p>Employing quantitative analysis, we were able to detect a significant induction of protein and mRNA of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 by LPS in both atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic vessels. In contrast, LPS induction of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 was solely observed in the lesions, but not in normal arteries. In addition, the impact of IL-1 gene polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) was estimated by DNA genotyping of 387 survivors of a first MI and 387 sex and age-matched control subjects. We found no statistically significant differences in either genotypic distribution or allelic frequencies of IL-1β (-511) or IL-1Ra (VNTR) polymorphisms between first-time survivors of myocardial infarction and their age-matched healthy controls. Incontrast, our results demonstrated a strong association between the IL-1Ra genotype and severity of angiographically determined coronary artery disease in post-MI patients. To further investigate the vascular response to inflammation, we used gene array analysis to evaluate the human vascular transcriptional response to LPS of non-atherosclerotic human renal arteries compared to carotid lesions. In LPS treated renal arteries, 54% of the transcripts gave a detectable signal, where 4% were upregulated and 3.8% down-regulated. In the LPS stimulated carotid lesions, 44% of transcripts were detected. In this latter group, 5.1% of transcripts were increased and 3.3% decreased. Interestingly, a newly identified virus-inducible antiviral protein, CMV inducible gene ₅/viperin (Cig₅), was among the most strongly induced gene in both normal and atherosclerotic biopsies. Single gene analysis revealed viperin in the endothelium of human atherosclerotic lesions. Further, viperin was induced in vascular cells by inflammatory stimuli and CMV infection.</p><p>In conclusion we show that atherosclerotic vessels produce more proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines than normal vessels. Interestingly, our results indicate that LPS enhances the expression of cytokines/chemokines in a similar pattern both in lesions and normal arteries. However, the response is stronger in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms within the IL-1Ra loci may influence the severity of CAD. Finally, the CMV inducible gene ₅/viperin have been identified as a putative culprit molecule in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.</p>

Background: Patients with sleep apnea have frequent apneas and hypopneas during sleep. Apneas can be either central or obstructive. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is the mean number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Aims: 1) To evaluate the effect of a mandibular advancement device on obstructive apneas and sleep; 2) to evaluate the influence of body position on central apnea frequency; 3) to investigate whether obstructive or central apnea is related to mortality in patients with stroke; and 4) to investigate sleep and sleeping positions in women. Methods: Subjects were investigated during whole-night sleep respiratory recordings, either polysomnography including continuous recordings of EEG, EOG, EMG, airflow, respiratory effort, ECG, pulse oximetry and body position, or simplified sleep apnea recordings without EEG, EOG and EMG. Results: The frequency of obstructive apneas, hypopneas and arousals decreased and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increased in patients with mild, moderate and severe sleep apnea during treatment with a mandibular advancement device. Central apneas were more prevalent in the supine position compared with the non-supine position in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. The mean ± SD central AHI was 41 ± 13 in the supine position and 26 ± 12 in the non-supine position, p&lt;0.001. Stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea ran an increased risk of death during 10 ± 0.6 years of follow-up with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.76 (95% CI 1.05-2.95) compared with controls, independent of hypertension, age, body mass index, gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, Mini-Mental State Examination and Barthel-ADL. Central apnea was not related to early death. Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement sleep, slow wave and time in the supine position decreased with age in women. Sleep quality in women was reduced with age, body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apneas and arousals are reduced and REM sleep is increased using a mandibular advancement device in patients with mild, moderate and severe sleep apnea. The frequency of central apneas and hypopneas is increased in the supine position in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea run an increased risk of early death. Central sleep apnea was not related to early death among the present patients. Normal values for sleep stages and sleeping positions are presented in a population-based sample of women. Age, body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol and hypertension reduce sleep quality in women.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samband mellan bukaorta aneurysm hos 65-åriga män och riskfaktorer såsom rökning, BMI&gt;25, kosttillskott, hypertoni, hyperlipidemi, ett stillasittande yrke samt hereditet. Kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv och korrelativ design användes, 3854 65-åriga män från två årskullar som screenats för AAA ingick och uppgifter hämtades från ett dataregister. Resultat: Antalet personer med bukaorta aneurysm var 2,4 %, 65 % var/hade varit rökare, 67 % hade övervikt, 49 % stillasittande arbete, 41 % hypertoni, 25 % hyperlipidemi, 17 % åt kosttillskott och 4 % hade hereditet. Rökning, hypertoni och hyperlipidemi visade signifikant samband med och ökade risken för att utveckla AAA. Störst riskfaktor var rökning. Övriga riskfaktorer visade inte signifikant betydelse. Riskfaktorerna tillsammans förklarade variationen i AAA med 5 %. Konklusion: Tidigare kända riskfaktorers betydelse bekräftades för uppkomst av AAA. För män med AAA ses ett behov av hälsoförebyggande insatser. Sjuksköterskan har ansvar för och kunskaper om preventiva åtgärder, kan och bör därför användas som stöd till män med nyupptäckt AAA.

Carotid stenosis is one of several causes of ischemic stroke and entails a high risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. Removal of a carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy results in a risk reduction for ischemic stroke, but the magnitude of risk reduction depends on several factors. If the delay between the last symptom and carotid endarterectomy is less than 2 weeks, the absolute risk reduction is &gt;10%, regardless of age, sex, or if the degree of carotid stenosis is 50–69% or 70–99%. Thus, speed is the key. However, if many patients suffers an ischemic stroke recurrence within the first 2 weeks of the presenting event, an additional benefit is likely be obtained if carotid endarterectomy is performed even earlier than within 2 week after the presenting event. Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenoses carries a small risk reduction for stroke. Screening for asymptomatic carotid stenosis requires a prevalence of &gt;5% in the examined population, i.e., higher than in the general population; however, directed screening in groups with a prevalence of &gt;5% is beneficial. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the length of the delay to carotid endarterectomy, determine the risk of recurrent stroke before carotid endarterectomy, and determine if a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on dental panoramic radiographs is a valid selection method for directed ultrasound screening to detect asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Consecutive patients with a symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent a preoperative evaluation aimed at carotid endarterectomy at Umeå Stroke Centre between January 1, 2004–March 31, 2006 (n=275) were collected retrospectively and between August 1, 2007–December 31, 2009 (n=230) prospectively. In addition, 117 consecutive persons, all preliminarily eligible for asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy and with a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on panoramic radiographs, were prospectively examined with carotid ultrasound. The median delay between the presenting event and carotid endarterectomy was 11.7 weeks in the first half year of 2004, dropped to 6.9 weeks in the first quarter year of 2006, and had dropped to 3.6 weeks in the second half year of 2009. The risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence was 4.8% within 2 days, 7.9% within 1 week, and 11.2% within 2 weeks of the presenting event. For patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack as the presenting event, this risk was 6.0% within 2 days, 9.7% within 1 week, and 14.3% within 2 weeks of the presenting event. For the 10 patients with a near-occlusion, the risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence was 50% at 4 weeks after the presenting event. Among the 117 persons with a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on panoramic radiographs, eight had a 50–99% carotid stenosis, equalling a prevalence of 6.8% (not statistically significantly over the pre-specified 5% threshold). Among men, the prevalence of 50–99% carotid stenosis was 12.5%, which was statistically significantly over the pre-specified 5% threshold. In conclusion: The delay to carotid endarterectomy was longer than 2 weeks. Additional benefit is likely to be gained by performing carotid endarterectomy within a few days of the presenting event instead of at 2 weeks because many patients suffer a stroke recurrence within a few days; speed is indeed the key. The finding that near-occlusion entails an early high risk of stroke recurrence stands in sharp contrast to previous studies; one possible explaination is that this was a high-risk period missed in previous studies. The incidental finding of a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries on a panoramic radiograph is a valid indication for carotid ultrasound screening in men who are otherwise eligible for asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy.

Consequences of atherosclerosis may result in a number of diseases of the cardiovascular system that represent serious health problems and major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is initially considered as disease of fibro-lipid and thrombus deposition in the arterial wall, it also involves an ongoing inflammatory response. Normally, the inflammatory response is considered as a protective defence mechanism of the body. However, if the inflammation gets out of proportion to the threat it is dealing with, it may then result in a sustained chronic disorder and thus may underlie the initial stage of atherogenesis. The work of this thesis focuses on the expression of cytokines/chemokines and the vascular transcriptional response to inflammation, i.e. LPS in atherosclerosis. This has mainly been studied in animal models of atherosclerosis; consequently, we set out to investigate these events using human material in vitro (human carotid lesions). Employing quantitative analysis, we were able to detect a significant induction of protein and mRNA of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 by LPS in both atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic vessels. In contrast, LPS induction of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 was solely observed in the lesions, but not in normal arteries. In addition, the impact of IL-1 gene polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) was estimated by DNA genotyping of 387 survivors of a first MI and 387 sex and age-matched control subjects. We found no statistically significant differences in either genotypic distribution or allelic frequencies of IL-1β (-511) or IL-1Ra (VNTR) polymorphisms between first-time survivors of myocardial infarction and their age-matched healthy controls. Incontrast, our results demonstrated a strong association between the IL-1Ra genotype and severity of angiographically determined coronary artery disease in post-MI patients. To further investigate the vascular response to inflammation, we used gene array analysis to evaluate the human vascular transcriptional response to LPS of non-atherosclerotic human renal arteries compared to carotid lesions. In LPS treated renal arteries, 54% of the transcripts gave a detectable signal, where 4% were upregulated and 3.8% down-regulated. In the LPS stimulated carotid lesions, 44% of transcripts were detected. In this latter group, 5.1% of transcripts were increased and 3.3% decreased. Interestingly, a newly identified virus-inducible antiviral protein, CMV inducible gene 5/viperin (Cig5), was among the most strongly induced gene in both normal and atherosclerotic biopsies. Single gene analysis revealed viperin in the endothelium of human atherosclerotic lesions. Further, viperin was induced in vascular cells by inflammatory stimuli and CMV infection. In conclusion we show that atherosclerotic vessels produce more proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines than normal vessels. Interestingly, our results indicate that LPS enhances the expression of cytokines/chemokines in a similar pattern both in lesions and normal arteries. However, the response is stronger in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms within the IL-1Ra loci may influence the severity of CAD. Finally, the CMV inducible gene 5/viperin have been identified as a putative culprit molecule in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Today's initiatives regarding prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease still have unmet needs and improvement potential. One important and relevant part for the health care is to adapt to today's living habits. Digitalization has become a natural part in society and integration in health care is ongoing through so called eHealth. mHealth, which provides health care and prevention remotely, is a part of eHealth. The development of mHealth in health care has intensified and with increasing demands, that it is evidence-based. Aim Through a literature study, investigate the evidence of mHealth and how mHealth can influence risk factors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Method A descriptive literature study with a systematic approach that included 15 articles in total and all were randomized controlled trials. Results This literature study showed that motivational focused text message, by using mobile phone or smartphone, was the type of mHealth that was primarily used and was the most effective in influencing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. BMI, unhealthy diet and lack of exercise were the risk factors that were influenced primarily. Information about required resources for implementation of mHealth was not found. Conclusion mHealth as an integrated part of health care for cardiovascular disease provides advantages as it has shown effects on influential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This, through text messages of motivational nature to a mobile phone or smartphone. mHealth should be considered in everything that is linked to health care and particularly within cardiovascular disease. / Bakgrund Kardiovaskulär sjukdom är den främsta dödsorsaken globalt sett. Dagens åtgärder avseende prevention och behandling av kardiovaskulär sjukdom har fortsatt stor utvecklings- och förbättringspotential. En viktig och aktuell del i förbättringsarbetet är att anpassa den till dagens levnadsvanor. Eftersom digitaliseringen har blivit en naturlig del i vårt samhälle pågår en integrering inom hälso- och sjukvården genom så kallad e-hälsa. M-hälsa innebär vård och hälsofrämjande stöd på distans och är en del av e-hälsa. Utvecklingen av m-hälsa inom vården är intensiv och med ökade krav på att den ska vara evidensbaserad. Syfte Att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka evidensen av m-hälsa och på vilket sätt m-hälsa kan påverka riskfaktorer vid behandling av kardiovaskulär sjukdom. Metod En beskrivande litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats som innefattade 15 artiklar där samtliga var randomiserade kontrollerade studier. Resultat Denna litteraturstudie visade att textmeddelande med motiverande inriktning, genom användning av mobiltelefon eller smartphone, var den typ av m-hälsa som främst användes och hade tydligast effekt på påverkbara riskfaktorer för kardiovaskulär sjukdom. BMI, ohälsosam kost och brist på motion var de riskfaktorer som påverkades främst. Information om vilka resurser som krävs för implementering av m-hälsa var bristfällig. Slutsats M-hälsa som en integrerad del av hälso- och sjukvården inom kardiovaskulär sjukdom innebär fördelar då effekter på påverkbara riskfaktorer för kardiovaskulär sjukdom har påvisats, främst genom textmeddelande av motiverande karaktär till en mobiltelefon eller smartphone. M-hälsa bör därmed vara en självklar del i allt som är kopplat till hälso- och sjukvården och särskilt inom kardiovaskulär sjukdom.