The purpose of this study was to determine kinetic and kinematic characteristics of Thai Boxing Roundhouse Kicks. In order to measure the kinetic variables of peak force and impulse, a triaxial accelerometer was inserted into a kicking bag. The force data were derived from the known mass and measured acceleration of the kicking bag. Validation testing comparing applied forces to estimated forces based on accelerometers output showed this instrument provided accurate estimates of the force applied to the kicking bag (r=.99). The MacReflex motion analysis system was utilized with three cameras operating at 120 frames per second to obtain the kinematic characteristics of final linear velocity of the kicking ankle, linear velocity of the kicking ankle and knee, angular velocity of the knee, and the angular velocity of the shank and thigh projected onto the horizontal plane. The subjects were ten male Thai Boxing performers with 8 to 48 months of training experience. The kicking trials were conducted at three height levels. It was hypothesized that the peak force, impulse, and the final linear velocity of the kicking ankle at impact would be greater for the lower level of kicks as compared to the higher level of kicks. It was also hypothesized that peak force and impulse would be positively related the subjects' leg strength. For the relationship between kinetic variables and kinematic variables it was hypothesized that peak force and impulse would be positively related to the final linear velocity of the kicking ankle. In comparing the roundhouse kick at different height levels the middle level kick generated the greatest peak force and impulse, while the high level kick involved the least force and impulse. The amount of peak force and impulse were directly related to the final velocity of the ankle (r=.86, and r=.79 respectively), but they were not significantly related to the leg strength. This study found that the Thai Boxing roundhouse kick can easily generate enough force to cause neurological impairment, skull fractures, facial bone fractures, and rib fractures. These results suggest that there is a greater need for regulations protecting the competitors in Thai Boxing. / Graduation date: 1997

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / The law of attraction, which is referred to as a pseudo-science by most scientists, focuses on the ability of athletes to reach deep within their soul/ energy sources to re-align their thoughts and feelings in order to achieve their desired outcomes or goals. This study explores whether kickboxers within the African continent are using the phenomenon of the law of attraction in order to enhance their kickboxing performances. In context of law of attraction, kickboxers attract achievements or experiences that they focus on into their life’s, weather these are positive or negative. This means that if they stay focused on the good and positive things in their lives, they will automatically attract good and positive things into their lives. Being part of the cosmic Universe, we are, in our smallest form, nothing but energy with magnetic abilities, hence, we have the ability to attract things or push things away. This belief can contribute to the fulfilment of the desires of kickboxers and can ultimately enhance their sport performances. A qualitative methodology was followed to explore the use of the law of attraction by kickboxers within the sport of kickboxing to achieve optimal results. The population of this study was chosen from kickboxers in countries within the continent of Africa where kickboxing is practiced. These participants were elite athletes (international competitors). A semi-structured interview guide (questionnaire) was used to interview selected kickboxers. Data was recorded and analysed in order to verify the use of the phenomenon of the law of attraction. It was found that most of the participants were unaware that they were utilizing elements of law of attraction and that some elements are intertwined with various sport psychological tools being utilised for sport enhancement. Findings further indicated that the thought process of the participating kickboxers was occupied by various desires or goals that needed to be achieved. The kickboxers found it difficult to prioritize or to streamline their thoughts and this created a situation where energy flowed in the wrong direction. Their feelings in terms of what they thought, what they wanted to achieve and what they could achieve must be in sync. This did not come out strongly because the kickboxers concentrated on their own physical capabilities and kickboxing skills and, at the same time, felt very stressful prior to a kickboxing contest. It was recommended that the phenomenon of law of attraction should be explored more extensively in relation to its application in kickboxing and moreover in sport. It is further recommended that the study be repeated exploring the perspectives of the coaches in the application of law of extraction in their coaching techniques. This study concludes that the law of attraction is not used to its fullest extent in the practice of kickboxing even though some elements were already used by kickboxers.

Thesis (M.S.)--Arkansas State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-28). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.E.S.)--Arkansas State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-28).

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-27T20:35:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Andreza Abreus de Moura.pdf: 3277184 bytes, checksum: 19de20d38f60b420f4be278a977880d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-07T22:03:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Andreza Abreus de Moura.pdf: 3277184 bytes, checksum: 19de20d38f60b420f4be278a977880d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Andreza Abreus de Moura.pdf: 3277184 bytes, checksum: 19de20d38f60b420f4be278a977880d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES / O presente estudo buscou verificar se o efeito de Compatibilidade Estímulo-Resposta se estabelece em uma simulação virtual de luta com socos, avaliando sua aplicabilidade como medida psicofísica em tarefas de predição e interação. Participaram do experimento 15 homens e 12 mulheres, dos quais 20 nunca haviam praticado lutas, enquanto 7 estavam praticando, à época, Kickboxing, Muay Thai ou Boxe. O teste foi programado em dois blocos. O primeiro consistiu na Tarefa de Interação com apresentação de golpes completos, na qual os participantes foram orientados a responder de modo a interagir com o adversário virtual, visando se defender do golpe. O segundo consistiu na Tarefa de Predição, pautada no método de oclusão temporal progressiva, que impede a visualização completa do golpe, ocultando diferentes períodos temporais durante a execução do movimento. Os participantes foram instruídos a pressionar uma das duas teclas de resposta o mais rápido possível, tão logo conseguiam perceber a direção do golpe. Através da análise de variância, considerando o Tempo de Reação Manual, os resultados indicaram ter havido efeito de Compatibilidade Estímulo-Resposta tanto para as respostas com a Tecla Esquerda quanto com a Direita, em ambas as Tarefas. Considerando o percentual de acertos, a Tecla Esquerda apresentou maior acurácia para os estímulos do Campo Esquerdo, e a Tecla Direita para os estímulos do Campo Direito. Estes resultados estão em conformidade com a literatura, uma vez que a escolha das respostas é facilitada pela posição compatível entre estímulo e tecla, gerando menor latência e menor incidência de erros nas condições compatíveis. Não houve diferenças, entretanto, entre os resultados dos três níveis de oclusão. A utilização deste método, portanto, pode ser favorável à criação de protocolos para estudos sobre treinamentos de golpes, uma vez que tem sido registrado a capacidade de modulação deste efeito. / The present study aimed to verify if the Stimulus-Response Compatibility effect is established in a virtual combat simulation, using punches as stimulus and evaluating its applicability as a psychophysical measure in tasks of prediction and interaction. The study sample consisted of 15 men and 12 women, of whom 20 had never practiced combat sports, while 7 were practicing, at the time, Kickboxing, Muay Thai or Boxe. The test was divided in two blocks. The first one consisted of the Interaction Task, in which the execution of the blows were presented in its enterity. The participants were instructed to respond in order to interact with the virtual adversary, trying to defend themselves from the hit, pressing one of the two answer keys. The second one consisted of the Prediction Task, based on the progressive temporal occlusion method, which blocks visual information from different stages of the movement. Participants were instructed to press one of the two answer keys as quickly as possible, as soon as they could predict the direction of the hit. The variance analysis, considering the Manual Reaction Time, revealed a Stimulus-Response Compatibility effect both for the Left and Right answer key, in both Tasks. Considering the accuracy, the Left Key showed greater accuracy for the Left Field stimulus, while the Right Key showed better performance for the Right Field stimulus. These results are in accordance with the literature findings, since the choice of responses is facilitated by the compatible stimulus-response condition, generating lower latency and lower incidence of errors. There were no differences, however, between the results of the three levels of temporal occlusion. The use of this method, therefore, can be favorable to the creation of protocols for studies on combat training, once the modulation capacity of this effect has been registered.

Title: Strategic management in Czech full-contact union Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to assess the use of strategic activities and to analyze the environment of the selected organization in order to design specific strategic plan and propose recomendations for implementation of this plan as well as implementation of strategic management. Methods: The methods used in this thesis are methods of both qualitative and quantitative research and specifically the methods used are: Observation, Survey, document analysis, SWOT analysis and other partial analysis. Results: The outcome of this thesis is strategic situational analysis of Czech full-contact union and proposed is specific strategic plan for the period 2017 - 2020. Keywords: strategic plan, strategy, kickboxing, SWOT analysis

The purpose of this thesis is to, based on interviews and document studies, critically discuss how the introduction of kickboxing in Physical Education (PE) could affect gender equality in society. Based on a queer feminist and norm critical perspective on the prevailing teaching of PE, which, despite official efforts to challenge and modernize PE, persists in reproducing gender norms by e.g. spending 75% of class time on ball games. The hypothesis is that girls accessing violence (empowerment) through a bodily awareness in the form of kickboxing, positively would challenge the power imbalance that gender norms create. Girls are brought up, even today, in accordance with gender norms arguing against girls/women wanting to use their bodies as powerful tools to set limits. In accordance with the traditional Ling gymnastics, in which body and mind develops into a harmonious whole, the introduction of kickboxing in PE would have a major impact on how girls and boys could relate to each other in the community as well as develop the mind and body in harmony. It can be hypothesized that by including kickboxing in PE girls' bodies would be given the opportunity to be powerful, thus enable girls as well as boys to identify themselves as transcendent individuals rather than to experience the powerlessness and mental illness which often develops already during puberty. / Uppsatsens syfte är att med utgångspunkt i samtalsintervjuer och dokumentstudier kritiskt diskutera hur införandet av kickboxning i skolämnet Idrott och hälsa skulle kunna påverka jämställdheten i samhället. Diskussionen förs utifrån ett queerfeministiskt och normkritiskt perspektiv på rådande undervisning i Idrott och hälsa, som trots Skolverkets delvis normutmanande styrdokument framhärdar i att reproducera genusnormer genom att ägna 75% av lektionstiden till bollspel. Hypotesen är att flickors tillång till våld (empowerment) genom ett kroppsligt görande i form av kickboxning, på ett positivt sätt skulle förändra den maktobalans som genusnormer skapar. Flickor uppfostras ännu idag i enlighet med normer som hävdar att flickor/kvinnor inte vill, kan eller bör ha möjlighet att använda sin kropp som ett kraftfullt redskap för att sätta gränser. I enlighet med den traditionella Linggymnastikens grunder, bör kropp och själ utvecklas till en harmonisk enhet. Införandet av kickboxning i Idrott och hälsaundervisningen skulle vara en normkritisk pedagogik med stor inverkan på hur flickor och pojkar skulle förhålla sig till varandra i samhället och utveckla kropp och själ i harmoni. Genom att även flickors kroppar ges möjlighet att vara kraftfulla kan det hypotetiseras att flickor skulle kunna se sig själva som transcenderande subjekt istället för att uppleva den maktlöshet och psykiska ohälsa som ofta befästs under puberteten.

In der hier vorliegenden Studie wurde ein bisher noch nicht beachteter Teil der Sportwissenschaften untersucht. Nach einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche und qualitativen Interviews wurden im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2006 von über 500 Kampfstilschülern - und Trainern Aggressionswerte sowie sportpädagogisch und -soziologisch relevante Fakten erhoben. Hierbei wurden bewusst solche Personen befragt, die Stile mit überdurchschnittlich hartem Trefferkontakt trainieren. Neben Muay Thai, Freefight und Eskrima unter anderem Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate und Grappling. Neben der Schaffung eines umfassenden Grundlagenmaterials zu Themen wie Herkunft, Alter, Bildung, und persönlichen Interessen werden Trainingsgewohnheiten ausgewertet und Beziehungen zu folgenden Faktoren hergestellt: Spontane Aggression, Reaktive Aggression, Summenaggression, Aggressionshemmung, Erregbarkeit und Offenheit. Zur Erfassung der genannten Faktoren wurde der FAF-Test verwendet. Neben einer überdurchschnittlichen Bildung, und im allgemeinen sehr geringen Aggressionswerten konnten auch Tendenzen festgestellt werden, nachdem einige Schüler ihr erlernten Techniken für gezielte Aggressionen außerhalb des Trainings nutzen. Weitere unerwartete Ergebnisse fanden sich unter anderem in den unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen von Trainern und ihren Schülern im Bezug auf deren pädagogischen Einfluss jenseits des Techniktrainings. / The aim of this study is to investigate a field of physical education which has been ignored up to now. After a literature review and a qualitative interview analyses more than 500 martial arts coaches and students have been asked from 2005 to 2006 to collect aggressiveness values and different sports pedagogy and -sociologic relevant data .The study was targeted at "hard -style" martial arts such as Muay Thai, Freefight, Escrima, Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate and Grappling. One of the aims was to collect substructal data such as social background, age, education and hobbies. The training data was evaluated and related to the following factors using the FAF Test: Spontaneous Aggression, Reactive Aggression, Aggressionsum, Aggression Escapement, Impulsiveness and Openness. Beside an above-average education and in general low aggressiveness factors the results of the study were a tendency towards the utilisation of martial arts techniques for violent behaviour outside the dojo. Further results include different ratings in the effectiveness of the pedagogical impact of teacher on their students.

Les fédérations sportives françaises se sont développées en dehors de toute intervention étatique. Elles disposaient alors de prérogatives propres en vue de l’organisation des compétitions de leur discipline sportive. Il découlait de leur statut associatif qu’elles étaient entièrement régies par le droit privé. Néanmoins, à partir d’une jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat de 1974 entérinant l’existence d’un service public délégué aux structures fédérales, le législateur consacrera progressivement le principe de l’octroi de leurs prérogatives par le ministère chargé des sports au travers de deux actes : l’agrément ministériel et la délégation de service public. Dès lors que la délivrance de ces actes est synonyme de pouvoirs reconnus aux fédérations par le droit étatique et que la délégation mène à la publicisation de leur régime juridique, cette étude a pour objet de dresser la teneur de cet encadrement des prérogatives fédérales. L’agrément et la délégation entraînent pour les fédérations bénéficiaires, diverses sujétions visant à encadrer leur fonctionnement et qui tendent à réduire leur autonomie. Il s’agit d’un encadrement de nature textuelle, contenu au sein de la législation. Bien que ces prescriptions légales se singularisent par leur application uniforme à l’égard de ces fédérations, l’attribution par le ministère des sports de leurs pouvoirs se révèle hétérogène. L’examen de cet encadrement ministériel, appréhendé notamment au travers de sa politique interventionniste à l’égard des disciplines de « boxes pieds poings », conduit à envisager ses incertitudes ainsi que les pistes d’une réforme de son cadre légal. / French sports federations have developed without any state intervention. They had their own prerogatives to organize competitions in their respective sporting discipline. By virtue of their association status, they were entirely governed by private law. However, following a decision taken in 1974 by the Board of State confirming the existence of a public service delegated to the federal structure, the legislation gradually devote the principle of granting their prerogatives by the Ministry of Sports through two acts: the ministerial approval and delegation of public service. Since the issuance of these acts is synonymous powers recognized federations by state law and that the delegation leads to publicize their legal status, this study aims to establish the content of the framework of federal prerogatives. The ministerial approval and the delegation lead for the federations beneficiaries, various constraints to supervise their operations and which tend to reduce their autonomy. It is about a frame of textual nature, contained within the legislation. Although these legal requirements are uniformly applicable to these federations, the attribution of their powers by the Sports Ministry is heterogeneous. The examination of this ministerial frame, apprehended notably through its interventionist policy towards disciplines of kickboxing, led to consider its uncertainties and the tracks of a reform of its legal framework.