Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Introduction: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic confederation <p>composed by 27 member states (EU-27). The EU implemented several standardizations in laws, <p>justice and home affairs and shares the consensus that health care should be regulated by the <p>state. A high level of human protection should be ensured in all its member states. European <p>health systems are funded and managed by each national government and for historical <p>reasons health policy and health expenditure are not homogeneous. <p>Whereas cancer incidence is dependent on factors such as population age, life-style and <p>genetic predisposition, cancer mortality in general is dependent on the efficacy of health <p>systems in providing cancer prevention, efficient screening methods and treatments. <p>Around 20% of the breast cancers show amplification/overexpression of HER2 that is <p>associated with a more aggressive disease and worse clinical outcome. By targeting the HER2 <p>receptor trastuzumab has significantly improved overall survival and changed the natural <p>course of this disease. <p>Objectives: This study aims to evaluate (1) the association of health expenditure with <p>breast cancer outcome, (2) to explore to which degree the differences in breast cancer survival <p>are related to the speed of uptake of trastuzumab and its determinants and (3) to evaluate the <p>real usage of trastuzumab and its relation to breast cancer survival in the EU. <p>Results: Breast cancer survival was found strongly correlated with health expenditure. A <p>clear cutoff divides Western and Eastern Europe in that regard, with western countries showing <p>higher health expenditure and higher breast cancer survival than Eastern Europe. Trastuzumab <p>reimbursement was faster in Western European countries, a factor associated with higher <p>health expenditure and better health policy performance. Trastuzumab uptake is increasing all <p>over Europe in the last 12 years, however it is still being under used in Eastern countries while <p>in Western Europe the uptake is sufficient to treat virtually all patients in need of the drug. <p>Conclusion: Important discrepancies in breast cancer survival exist in the EU. Western <p>Europe has higher breast cancer survival and higher health expenditure than Eastern Europe. <p>This can be partially explained by the faster approval and increased uptake of trastuzumab in <p>Western countries. Higher health expenditure and better health policy performance were <p>factors linked to faster reimbursement and uptake of trastuzumab. / Doctorat en sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The subject of inquiry of my research is the socio-economic restructuring of the European Union (EU). The project provides an innovative interdisciplinary intervention that uses the canonical texts of Karl Polanyi and the insights from the burgeoning Polanyian scholarship in an attempt to explain the morphology of the contradictions that underpin the EU integration project. The starting point of analysis lies in the recent debates instigated by the critical turn in the EU studies scholarship that tries to shift the focus from the causes of the EU integration to its consequences. My original contribution to the scholarship consists of providing a Polanyian critique of the EU political economy. The ever-growing Polanyian scholarship proves a formidable alternative to the already established Gramscian and Marxist routes of critical inquiry. Based on a close reading of Polanyi and the wider Polanyian scholarship the thesis proposes a new take on the established practice of using Polanyi’s concept of dis/embeddedness as an all-or-nothing phenomenon and instead suggests conceptualising the social reality in terms of tendencies. The lenses through which I evaluate the EU predicament consist of the following conceptual vocabulary: a) dis/embedding tendencies b) habitation and improvement, and c) the rate of change.<p>The main puzzle that the project endeavours to explain is the interplay between the disembedding and the embedding tendencies in the EU. The examination of the disembedding tendency consists of excavating the self-regulating market logic inscribed into the EU edifice by analysing the development across three policy fields: competition, finance and education. The findings suggest that the disembedding tendency is manifested not only in the monetary orthodoxy inscribed in the Economic and Monetary Union since the Maastricht Treaty and further reified during the Great Recession, but also in the privatisation, depoliticisation and commodification dynamics evident in the three policy domains discussed in the thesis. Given Polanyi’s observation that the embedding tendency is immanent to the disembedding one, the second empirical endeavour consists of investigating the surge of socio-environmental measures. Notwithstanding the institutional divergences between the social and environmental policy domains, the appraisal of the policy output demonstrates that the embedding tendency is characterised by the same marketisation dynamic that we see in the disembedding one. This thesis recuperates a critical Polanyian reading that highlights the disruptive dialectics between the disembedding tendency and the seemingly protective measures predicated on fictitious commodification. In addition to unearthing the structural bias towards the market form that constitutes the two tendencies, this project develops a normative critique of the market society, based on Polanyi’s ferocious appraisal of neoclassical economics’ formal understanding of the economy, by problematising the extension of the economising rationality within previously unaffected spheres. <p> / Doctorat en sciences politiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The overarching objective of this dissertation is to conceptualise the spatiality of citizenship through an exposure to its various others – especially to mobile subjectivity. In particular, it examines the changing patterns of territorialising space, distributing rights and regulating mobility in the intertwined politics of citizenship and that of migration in the EU. Building on the approach of critical citizenship studies, it assumes that the practices and discourses of othering have been constituent of the very foundation of modern citizenship, and understands citizenship at the interface between the governing structure and the acts of the governed that rupture, resist or appropriate it. In this framework, the thesis first of all looks at the spatial configurations of national citizenship by analysing the trajectories in which the interrelated concepts of territory, rights and mobility participate, and are reshaped, in the project of making the citizen and her various others. <p><p>The main part of the thesis investigates the ways in which the interrelations between these spatial dimensions of citizenship are reconfigured in a multiplied citizenship-migration nexus under the process of Europeanisation. It first looks at two different notions of territory – a statist one and a networked one – that are visible in the official discourses, yet it highlights the fact that the technologies that are supposed to produce each type of territoriality often converge. Thus I read the politics of Eurostar and the Channel Tunnel project as one that involves competing patterns of territoriality and manifests the dynamics between facilitated and obstructed mobilities at a moving border. However, the permeability of this border is partly enabled by the uneven and ambiguous configurations of Schengenland itself, and draws attention to the excessive forms of mobility that challenge and break with the official formulation of free movement rights. Thus we turn to the intricate relationship between mobility and citizenship in Europe following our dialogical approach: focusing on the rationalities implied in the government of free movement on one hand, and the paths through which to redefine the right to mobility on the other. In the light of Rancière’s reconceptualisation of rights and democracy, I present two examples each employing different strategies to politicise and mobilise mobility: one is through appealing to the universal, the other legitimating the particular. The politics of mobility is also seen as an endeavour of producing alternative spaces against the territorialised state-centric space to which the imagination of citizenship is usually limited. In discussing a possible global ethics, however, I argue that the dynamics between rights and citizenship are not bound to an emancipatory end. While the juridical system of differentiated rights is constantly challenged by those who claim that they have the rights they are denied to, once the ‘achievements’ of rights-claims are re-appropriated in the juridico-political form of citizenship, this form continues to reproduce boundaries and differential inclusions which shall again be contested. A self-critical global ethics therefore should be conscious about the imperfectability of citizenship and the impossibility of community. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

En droit communautaire, les notions « souples », « élastiques », les « mots à sens multiples » ,dont le contenu est déterminé non pas par leur auteur mais par leur interprète, sont nombreux. <p>Parmi ces notions « floues », certaines, à la fois conceptuelles et fonctionnelles, sont intentionnellement indéterminées parce qu’elles permettent une mesure des comportements et des situations en termes de normalité et nécessitent, pour leur application aux cas d’espèce, des références exogènes au droit. C’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de « bon père de famille », de « bonnes mœurs », de « délai raisonnable », d’« abus de droit », de « confiance légitime », ou encore d’ « ordre public ». <p>Ce type particulier de notion indéterminée constitue un standard. <p>La question se pose de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, les standards présentent des particularités dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne, du point de vue de leur substance, c’est à dire de leur contenu, et du point de vue de leur fonction.<p>Il apparaît, d’abord, que la spécificité substantielle du standard n’est que partielle. <p>En effet, certains standards sont marqués par une forte coloration communautaire en ce qu’ils touchent au noyau dur de l’intégration communautaire et à la répartition des compétences au sein de cet ordre juridique (les notions de subsidiarité, de coopération loyale notamment). D’autres standards, en revanche, ont une substance proche de celle qui leur est attribuée dans les ordres juridiques nationaux ou internationaux, tout en étant adaptée à la logique de l’ordre communautaire (c’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de confiance légitime, de bonne administration, ou encore de procès équitable).<p>Il apparaît, ensuite, que la spécificité fonctionnelle du standard communautaire est manifeste. <p>Ce type de notion indéterminée joue, en effet, un rôle lié non seulement aux particularités du système juridictionnel de l’Union et à la contribution du juge à l’intégration européenne, mais aussi aux particularités structurelles de l’ordre juridique communautaire.<p><p> / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation is composed of three essays related to Financial Architecture. <p><p>The first essay, analysed in the first chapter of the thesis, contributes to the literature on Efficient Market Hypothesis and in particular in understanding several issues associated with how prices are determined for individual stocks. The chapter, in particular, provides further evidence of price and volume effects associated with index compositional changes by analysing the inclusions (exclusions) from the French CAC40 and SBF120 indices, as well as the FTSE100. I find evidence supporting the price pressure hypothesis associated with index fund rebalancing, but weak or no evidence for the imperfect substitution, liquidity and information hypotheses. The results improve on recent evidence from the S&P500 index. The evidence for the FTSE100 additions shows, in particular, that markets learn about an imminent inclusion and incorporate this information into prices, even before the announcement date.<p><p>The other two essays of this thesis relate to Corporate Governance issues. Chapters 2 and 3, in particular, analyze some aspects of two corporate governance mechanisms: ownership concentration and managerial labour market. <p>Chapter 2 provides an overview of the evolution of control in listed Slovenian corporations and evaluates the impact of the current changes in ownership on firm performance. Ownership and control has been concentrating in most transition countries. This consolidation of control introduces changes in the power distribution within privatised firms and, most importantly, redirects the corporate governance problem to a conflict between large and small shareholders. The chapter evaluate the ownership changes in Slovenian privatised firms through an analysis of stock price reactions to the entrance of a new blockholder (the shared benefits of control) and through an estimation of the premiums paid for large blocks (the private benefits of control). It provides evidence and discuss the reasons for the failures of the privatization investment funds in implementing control over firm managers and in promoting the restructuring of firms in the first post-privatization years.<p><p>Chapter 3 concentrates on one specific aspect of the managerial labour market: monetary remuneration schemes. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the interconnection between pay and corporate governance approaches with respect to the different rules found across European legal systems. The research data on reported pay practices for 2001 among FTSE Eurotop300 companies reveal a reliance on performance-based pay generally and a somewhat variable adoption of share options programs and other equity-based incentive contracts, which generate difficulties in dispersed ownership systems. Furthermore, on the basis of the regulation on executive remuneration disclosure discussed in this chapter and on the basis of the disclosure practices resulting from the data collected for the FTSE Eurotop300 constituents, I construct some disclosure indicators and analyse empirically how country and firm characteristics affect remuneration disclosure.<p> / Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les juges sont aujourd’hui des acteurs indispensables : garants des droits et libertés fondamentaux et arbitres des relations entre les ordres juridiques, ils exercent des missions essentielles qu’il n’est pas toujours aisé de concilier. Cette étude comparative entre l’Union européenne et le Canada propose d’en analyser les ressorts en s’intéressant aux interactions entre un mode d’organisation juridique particulier (le plurijuridisme), un organe (une juridiction suprême) et des normes spécifiques (les droits fondamentaux). En effet, la Cour suprême du Canada et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne sont d’abord essentielles pour accommoder un ordre juridique commun (canadien ou européen) avec la préservation d’une certaine diversité juridique (entre les États membres de l’Union européenne ou bien entre les provinces et communautés autochtones canadiennes). Elles doivent ensuite garantir les droits de la personne, ce qui implique notamment, une pluralité d’instruments de protection et des modalités d’application complexes des Chartes canadienne et européenne. Les plurijuridismes canadien et européen se trouvent toutefois bouleversés puisque la structure du contentieux des droits fondamentaux et la manière dont les juges manient les standards de protection tendent à favoriser l’unité et à engendrer une homogénéisation. Une protection substantielle des droits fondamentaux dans le respect du plurijuridisme reste pourtant possible à la faveur d’une méthode dialogique et pluraliste.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished