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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Multicriteria decision analysis applied to the spatial allocation of crops as a planning support system for agricultural expansion in Brazil / Análise de decisão multicritério aplicada à alocação espacial de culturas como um sistema de apoio ao planejamento da expansão agrícola no Brasil

Alkimim, Akenya Freire de 20 January 2014 (has links)
The history of the advancement of the agricultural frontier in Brazil has been closely related to environmental losses. Although environmental losses are sometimes inevitable in the context of agricultural expansion, they should always be minimized. This study seeks to avoid the past pattern of development by proposing a more sustainable way of expanding agriculture. The research tests whether it is possible to expand the cultivation of food and fuel crops in Brazil without compromising natural ecosystems. Brazil has a great agricultural potential considering the significant amount of lands that is suitable for agriculture with a favorable climate and topography. To supply the domestic agricultural market and for Brazil to take on a global food and biofuel export leadership position, actions should be taken to plan for this potential sustainable expansion. This planning would be an alternative means of advancing the agricultural frontier, as opposed to the deforestation previously practiced. A way to accomplish a sustainable pattern of agricultural development could be by the identification of suitable areas to support the expansion without further loss of forestlands. Pasture is a type of land use that occupies large areas in Brazil, and pastures are considered strategic resources for the effectiveness of the proposed expansion, given that they represent areas that have already been deforested and offer some type of existing infrastructure. In addition, from the current biophysical potential production - pasture based beef cattle - may be underused. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a spatial allocation model based on a multicriteria decision making and geographic information systems (GIS) using land suitability analysis to support decision makers with geospatial information about where potential areas for sugarcane and soybean expansion are located in Brazil. The multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) consists of physical land suitability, infrastructure and socioeconomic data integration to identify suitable pasturelands for crop allocation. To enhance the reliability of the model, a team of specialists in the agricultural crops was selected to establish the criteria priorities in the model for the analysis process. The combination of their judgments gives an overall priority that feeds the multicriteria model. \"What if\" scenarios were also built to show how changes in the criteria priority weights would modify the spatial distribution of suitability classes in relation to the main model. The results yield maps that represent the distribution of suitability classes for sugarcane and soybean expansion. Pasturelands become more or less suitable for sugarcane or soybean allocation according to shifts in the influence of each criterion in the model. The designed models show results that may assist policymakers with geospatial information about priority areas where investments and efforts should be directed for sustainable agricultural expansion in Brazil. / A história do avanço da fronteira agrícola no Brasil tem sido intrinsecamente relacionada ao desmatamento. Embora perdas ambientais sejam, por vezes, inevitáveis no contexto de uma expansão agrícola, elas devem ser reduzidas sempre que possível. Tentando não seguir um padrão de desenvolvimento feito à custa de desmatamentos, e pensando numa forma mais sustentável de expansão da agricultura, nós avaliamos nesse estudo a possibilidade de expansão agrícola, para produção de alimentos e de biocombustíveis, sem o comprometimento do ecossistema natural existente no país. O Brasil tem um grande potencial agrícola atribuído à significativa quantidade de solos aptos para agricultura com clima e topografia favoráveis. Para abastecer o mercado agrícola nacional e assumir uma posição de liderança global na exportação de alimentos e biocombustíveis, ações devem ser tomadas pelo Brasil para o planejamento desse potencial de expansão. Esse planejamento seria um modelo alternativo para o avanço da fronteira agrícola, oposto aos padrões de avanço anteriores diretamente relacionados ao desmatamento. Uma forma de conseguir um padrão de desenvolvimento sustentável poderia ser pela identificação de terras agrícolas aptas à essa expansão sem estimular maiores perdas de florestas. As pastagens ocupam grandes áreas no Brasil e são consideradas recursos estratégicos para a eficácia dessa expansão, uma vez que representam áreas que já foram desmatadas e oferecem algum tipo de infraestrutura. Dado o atual potencial biofísico de produção, estima-se que as áreas de pastagem destinadas à pecuária bovina podem estar sendo subutilizadas. O objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de alocação espacial fundamentado numa análise de decisão multicritério e SIG com base na aptidão agrícola das terras, de forma a fornecer informações geoespaciais estratégicas aos tomadores de decisão sobre a localização das áreas potenciais para a expansão da cana-de-açúcar e soja no Brasil. A análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) consiste na integração de dados edafoclimáticos, de infraestrutura e socioeconômicos para a identificação das áreas de pastagens aptas para a alocação dessas culturas. Para aumentar a confiabilidade do modelo, uma equipe de especialistas em cana-deaçúcar e soja foi selecionada para julgar a prioridade das variáveis no processo de análise. A combinação dos julgamentos fornece uma prioridade geral das variáveis, as quais alimentam o modelo. \"E se\" cenários foram também elaborados para mostrar como as mudanças nos pesos dos critérios modificariam a distribuição espacial das classes de aptidão com relação ao modelo principal. Os resultados são exibidos através de mapas que representam a distribuição das classes de aptidão agrícola para a alocação dos cultivos da cana-de-açúcar e soja. As pastagens tornam-se tanto mais adequadas para a alocação da cana ou soja de acordo com as mudanças na influência de cada critério no modelo. Os modelos projetados mostram resultados favoráveis que podem ajudar os tomadores de decisão com informações geoespaciais que identificam áreas prioritárias onde investimentos e esforços deveriam ser direcionados para estimular a expansão agrícola sustentável no Brasil.
182

Urban planning at the micro scale considering transport energy dependence / Planejamento de microáreas urbanas considerando a dependência de energia por transporte

Michael James Saunders 19 November 2010 (has links)
High urban transport energy consumption is directly influenced by the level of transport energy dependence of urban forms and transport systems. Despite the introduction of new land use policies and vehicle technologies, dramatic reductions in urban transport energy dependence are not yet being observed. It is proposed that stricter land use regulations coupled with new GIS tools are required that specifically tackle the energy dependence issue. The objective of this project is to design a GIS tool that could be used within an urban development framework to dramatically reduce urban transport energy dependence. A tool was developed and named the Transport Energy Specification (TES). The TES measures urban transport energy dependency from travel behaviour, mode use and spatial data inputs. The TES is designed to be used as an energy based land-use regulation inside an urban development framework by specifying a maximum allowable energy dependency limit for land use modifications in existing urban areas and new developments. Implementation of the energy dependency land use regulation will be achieved through zoning and providing financial or other incentives for the specific desired land use activities (residential, supermarkets, kindergartens etc.). Trials were performed in Germany, New Zealand and Brazil, allowing different urban neighbourhoods and transport systems to be measured with the TES energy dependency measurement tool. The measurements confirmed similar findings from previous researchers regarding the benefits of high density areas and mixed activities in urban areas. Further analysis, trials and workshops with local governments will set in motion the process of including the TES into future urban development policy. / O alto consumo de energia nos transportes urbanos é diretamente influenciado pelo grau de dependência energética das formas urbanas e dos sistemas de transportes. Como o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias veiculares e políticas de uso do solo ainda não foi capaz de produzir reduções significativas no grau de dependência energética dos transportes urbanos, defende-se aqui que uma legislação mais restritiva de uso do solo, combinada com novas ferramentas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, constitui-se em uma condição necessária para enfrentar a questão da dependência energética. O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver uma estrutura conceitual em plataforma SIG, que possa ser usada como ferramenta de planejamento para o desenvolvimento urbano, capaz de reduzir drasticamente a dependência energética do transporte urbano. A ferramenta desenvolvida recebeu a designação Especificação de Energia para Transporte (ou TES, da sigla em inglês Transport Energy Specification), e destina-se a medir o nível de dependência do transporte urbano em relação a aspectos como o comportamento de viagens, escolha modal e aspectos espaciais dos elementos urbanos. A TES foi concebida para ser usada como elemento regulatório do uso do solo, sob o ponto de vista da eficiência energética, a partir da especificação de um valor máximo para o limite de dependência energética decorrente de modificações em áreas urbanas existentes ou em novos loteamentos. A implantação de uma estratégia de regulação de uso do solo baseada no conceito de dependência energética pode ser alcançada através de uma legislação de zoneamento e de incentivos, inclusive financeiros, para determinadas tipos de uso (residências, supermercados, creches, etc.). Estudos de caso com a ferramenta proposta para avaliação do grau de dependência energética foram conduzidos em cidades selecionadas na Alemanha, Nova Zelândia e Brasil, de forma a contemplar diferentes tipos de arranjos de vizinhança e de sistemas de transportes. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram os benefícios, já apontados por outros pesquisadores, de áreas com elevadas densidades e uso misto em zonas urbanas. Novas análises, estudos de caso e discussões com governos locais são necessários para fazer do TES parte de políticas futuras de desenvolvimento urbano.
183

Land use control in Houston, Texas : a legal analysis of market approach techniques.

Luna, Charles Stephen January 1977 (has links)
Thesis. 1977. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.C.P.
184

Land Use, Diverse Values, and Conservation Practice in the Periphery of Makira Natural Park, Northeastern Madagascar

Cullman, Georgina January 2013 (has links)
This dissertation examines the intent and reality of a conservation project that aims to be participatory and to provide benefits to local landholders. I make a contribution to research about the social impacts of conservation projects as well as to scholarship that aims to improve conservation policy and practice. Using both ethnographic and ecological methods, I explored the multiple and contested values related to land use. Changing local land use practices, especially reducing swidden agriculture, is a major focus of conservation interventions in the region. The conservation project has framed this change as a technical problem, and has devised economic incentives to shift local people's land use. Because of the dissertation's interdisciplinary approach, and the sometimes contentious relations between conservation biologists and practitioners and social scientists, I begin with a review of the challenges to achieving interdisciplinary collaboration. In the second chapter, I seek to understand how a government policy that was meant to benefit forest-dwelling communities was instead experienced as disempowering and restrictive. Chapter 3 uses land-use scenarios to evaluate the multiple objectives of Makira Natural Park (i.e., biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and sustainable livelihoods support) through the lens of ecosystem services, concluding that the best strategy to meet Makira's multiple objectives is to support a broad diversity of land use types rather than eliminating some and favoring others. In Chapter 4, I demonstrate how the conservation project's reliance on an economic model of human motivation to shift land use practices relies on a set of values that are not necessarily shared by local landholders, which explains in part their lack of traction to date. I conclude with a series of recommendations for how to transform conservation practice in Makira to make it more effective, culturally appropriate, and just.
185

Urban planning at the micro scale considering transport energy dependence / Planejamento de microáreas urbanas considerando a dependência de energia por transporte

Saunders, Michael James 19 November 2010 (has links)
High urban transport energy consumption is directly influenced by the level of transport energy dependence of urban forms and transport systems. Despite the introduction of new land use policies and vehicle technologies, dramatic reductions in urban transport energy dependence are not yet being observed. It is proposed that stricter land use regulations coupled with new GIS tools are required that specifically tackle the energy dependence issue. The objective of this project is to design a GIS tool that could be used within an urban development framework to dramatically reduce urban transport energy dependence. A tool was developed and named the Transport Energy Specification (TES). The TES measures urban transport energy dependency from travel behaviour, mode use and spatial data inputs. The TES is designed to be used as an energy based land-use regulation inside an urban development framework by specifying a maximum allowable energy dependency limit for land use modifications in existing urban areas and new developments. Implementation of the energy dependency land use regulation will be achieved through zoning and providing financial or other incentives for the specific desired land use activities (residential, supermarkets, kindergartens etc.). Trials were performed in Germany, New Zealand and Brazil, allowing different urban neighbourhoods and transport systems to be measured with the TES energy dependency measurement tool. The measurements confirmed similar findings from previous researchers regarding the benefits of high density areas and mixed activities in urban areas. Further analysis, trials and workshops with local governments will set in motion the process of including the TES into future urban development policy. / O alto consumo de energia nos transportes urbanos é diretamente influenciado pelo grau de dependência energética das formas urbanas e dos sistemas de transportes. Como o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias veiculares e políticas de uso do solo ainda não foi capaz de produzir reduções significativas no grau de dependência energética dos transportes urbanos, defende-se aqui que uma legislação mais restritiva de uso do solo, combinada com novas ferramentas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, constitui-se em uma condição necessária para enfrentar a questão da dependência energética. O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver uma estrutura conceitual em plataforma SIG, que possa ser usada como ferramenta de planejamento para o desenvolvimento urbano, capaz de reduzir drasticamente a dependência energética do transporte urbano. A ferramenta desenvolvida recebeu a designação Especificação de Energia para Transporte (ou TES, da sigla em inglês Transport Energy Specification), e destina-se a medir o nível de dependência do transporte urbano em relação a aspectos como o comportamento de viagens, escolha modal e aspectos espaciais dos elementos urbanos. A TES foi concebida para ser usada como elemento regulatório do uso do solo, sob o ponto de vista da eficiência energética, a partir da especificação de um valor máximo para o limite de dependência energética decorrente de modificações em áreas urbanas existentes ou em novos loteamentos. A implantação de uma estratégia de regulação de uso do solo baseada no conceito de dependência energética pode ser alcançada através de uma legislação de zoneamento e de incentivos, inclusive financeiros, para determinadas tipos de uso (residências, supermercados, creches, etc.). Estudos de caso com a ferramenta proposta para avaliação do grau de dependência energética foram conduzidos em cidades selecionadas na Alemanha, Nova Zelândia e Brasil, de forma a contemplar diferentes tipos de arranjos de vizinhança e de sistemas de transportes. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram os benefícios, já apontados por outros pesquisadores, de áreas com elevadas densidades e uso misto em zonas urbanas. Novas análises, estudos de caso e discussões com governos locais são necessários para fazer do TES parte de políticas futuras de desenvolvimento urbano.
186

Eviter-Réduire-Compenser : d’un idéal conceptuel aux défis de mise en œuvre : une analyse pluridisciplinaire et multi-échelle / The mitigation hierarchy : from a conceptual ideal to the challenge of implementation : a pluridisciplinary and multi-scale analysis

Bigard, Charlotte 18 June 2018 (has links)
Le territoire est le support d’interactions entre les êtres vivants et leur espace de vie. Parmi ces interactions, il est aujourd’hui reconnu que les activités anthropiques sont une cause déterminante de l’érosion de la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, la séquence « Eviter-Réduire-Compenser» (ERC) est un instrument réglementaire visant l’absence de perte nette de biodiversité (no net loss) en aménagement du territoire. Or, il semblerait qu’elle ne permette pas de remédier à la perte chronique de biodiversité. Au-delà de ses limites pratiques et théoriques, parmi les causes de cette inefficacité on peut mentionner : la focalisation sur la « compensation » et sur l’échelle « projet » ou encore la convergence des études vers la problématique des grands projets d’aménagement. Ainsi, en partant de questions issues du terrain, en adoptant une posture à l’interface entre recherche et action, et en choisissant une démarche pluridisciplinaire, cette thèse repose sur l’hypothèse que les difficultés actuelles sont liées à des défis scalaires et qu’un changement d’échelle spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle est nécessaire pour permettre à l’instrument de prétendre à son objectif. A travers une analyse qualitative et quantitative de l’application de la séquence ERC dans le cadre de petits projets d’aménagement, nous identifions une série de limites associées à l’échelle « projet ». Cela nous amène à analyser, tout d’abord théoriquement puis empiriquement grâce à l’étude de collectivités territoriales responsables de la planification de l’aménagement, les implications d’un changement d’échelle vers une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC à l’échelle territoriale et stratégique de la planification. Enfin, nous conduisons une réflexion sur l’élaboration d’une démarche méthodologique d’anticipation de la séquence ERC dès la planification, appliquée au cas concret de Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole.In fine, ces recherches nous permettent d’apporter des compléments de réponse à la question des fins effectives de l’instrument : éviter ou plutôt légitimer la perte de biodiversité ? Nos propositions et perspectives pour les praticiens et les chercheurs vont dans le sens d’une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC plus en phase avec son objectif de no net loss. / Territory provides the support for interactions between humans avec their living environment. Among these interactions, it is well known that anthropic activities are a major cause of biodiversity erosion. In this respect, the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, reduction and offsetting impacts) is a regulatory tool whose objective is to achieve a “no net loss” of biodiversity following urban development. However, the efficiency of the tool is questioned because of its practical and theoretical limits, and the recurring focus on biodiversity offsets and on the “project” scale, or the convergence of studies on large development projects.Based on questions arising from practical action and by adopting a multi-disciplinary approach and posture at the knowledge-action interface, this thesis hypothesizes that the current lack of efficiency is the result of a problem of scale and that a temporal, spatial and functional switch in scale could help the mitigation hierarchy to reach its objectives. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mitigation hierarchy implementation for small-scale development projects, we identify a set of limits associated with studies done at scale of individual projects. These findings illustrate the need to upscale towards a territorial and strategic approach to the implementation of the mitigation hierarchy. Finally, we initiate a reflexion on the development of a methodological framework to anticipate the mitigation hierarchy implementation at the urban planning stage, and we test it on the Montpellier metropolitan territory.Finally, these research studies provide new answers to the question of the effective purpose of the tool: is its aim to avoid or legitimise biodiversity loss? Our propositions and perspectives for practitioners and scientists are in line with a mitigation hierarchy implementation that is more likely to reach no net loss objectives.
187

Design urbain et tramway : recherche méthodologique autour de cinq villes moyennes françaises et tchèques / Urban Design and Light Rail : Methodological Research around Five French and Czech Medium-sized Cities

Zelezny, Richard 15 December 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ de l’aménagement urbain orienté vers le transport collectif (TC). Elle focalise sur deux contextes culturels différents, celui de la République tchèque et celui de la France, au sein desquels, néanmoins, les enjeux de promouvoir les TC sont partagés aujourd’hui, dans le cadre de la recherche d’un développement urbain durable. A l’échelle de quartier urbain, le travail s’intéresse, à part la densité et la mixité urbaine, plus particulièrement à des caractéristiques de l’accessibilité piétonne aux stations. A cette fin, des démarches originales d’appréciation qualitative et quantitative sont proposées. Les points forts et les points faibles marqués dans chacun des contextes ainsi que les potentiels de transférabilité réciproque de bonnes pratiques sont enfin considérés / My work explores transit-oriented development within two different cultures, France and the Czech Republic, which nevertheless have significant factors in common with regard to the goal of promoting the modal share of mass transit from a sustainable urban development perspective. Besides the basic urban variables, such as density and functional mix, our work attempts to explore characteristics of pedestrian accessibility, all these at the neighbourhood scale around the stations. For the appreciation, original qualitative and quantitative approach to the appreciation are proposed. The strengths and weaknesses on each side and the potential for reciprocal transfer of best-practices are finally considered
188

Multicriteria decision analysis applied to the spatial allocation of crops as a planning support system for agricultural expansion in Brazil / Análise de decisão multicritério aplicada à alocação espacial de culturas como um sistema de apoio ao planejamento da expansão agrícola no Brasil

Akenya Freire de Alkimim 20 January 2014 (has links)
The history of the advancement of the agricultural frontier in Brazil has been closely related to environmental losses. Although environmental losses are sometimes inevitable in the context of agricultural expansion, they should always be minimized. This study seeks to avoid the past pattern of development by proposing a more sustainable way of expanding agriculture. The research tests whether it is possible to expand the cultivation of food and fuel crops in Brazil without compromising natural ecosystems. Brazil has a great agricultural potential considering the significant amount of lands that is suitable for agriculture with a favorable climate and topography. To supply the domestic agricultural market and for Brazil to take on a global food and biofuel export leadership position, actions should be taken to plan for this potential sustainable expansion. This planning would be an alternative means of advancing the agricultural frontier, as opposed to the deforestation previously practiced. A way to accomplish a sustainable pattern of agricultural development could be by the identification of suitable areas to support the expansion without further loss of forestlands. Pasture is a type of land use that occupies large areas in Brazil, and pastures are considered strategic resources for the effectiveness of the proposed expansion, given that they represent areas that have already been deforested and offer some type of existing infrastructure. In addition, from the current biophysical potential production - pasture based beef cattle - may be underused. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a spatial allocation model based on a multicriteria decision making and geographic information systems (GIS) using land suitability analysis to support decision makers with geospatial information about where potential areas for sugarcane and soybean expansion are located in Brazil. The multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) consists of physical land suitability, infrastructure and socioeconomic data integration to identify suitable pasturelands for crop allocation. To enhance the reliability of the model, a team of specialists in the agricultural crops was selected to establish the criteria priorities in the model for the analysis process. The combination of their judgments gives an overall priority that feeds the multicriteria model. \"What if\" scenarios were also built to show how changes in the criteria priority weights would modify the spatial distribution of suitability classes in relation to the main model. The results yield maps that represent the distribution of suitability classes for sugarcane and soybean expansion. Pasturelands become more or less suitable for sugarcane or soybean allocation according to shifts in the influence of each criterion in the model. The designed models show results that may assist policymakers with geospatial information about priority areas where investments and efforts should be directed for sustainable agricultural expansion in Brazil. / A história do avanço da fronteira agrícola no Brasil tem sido intrinsecamente relacionada ao desmatamento. Embora perdas ambientais sejam, por vezes, inevitáveis no contexto de uma expansão agrícola, elas devem ser reduzidas sempre que possível. Tentando não seguir um padrão de desenvolvimento feito à custa de desmatamentos, e pensando numa forma mais sustentável de expansão da agricultura, nós avaliamos nesse estudo a possibilidade de expansão agrícola, para produção de alimentos e de biocombustíveis, sem o comprometimento do ecossistema natural existente no país. O Brasil tem um grande potencial agrícola atribuído à significativa quantidade de solos aptos para agricultura com clima e topografia favoráveis. Para abastecer o mercado agrícola nacional e assumir uma posição de liderança global na exportação de alimentos e biocombustíveis, ações devem ser tomadas pelo Brasil para o planejamento desse potencial de expansão. Esse planejamento seria um modelo alternativo para o avanço da fronteira agrícola, oposto aos padrões de avanço anteriores diretamente relacionados ao desmatamento. Uma forma de conseguir um padrão de desenvolvimento sustentável poderia ser pela identificação de terras agrícolas aptas à essa expansão sem estimular maiores perdas de florestas. As pastagens ocupam grandes áreas no Brasil e são consideradas recursos estratégicos para a eficácia dessa expansão, uma vez que representam áreas que já foram desmatadas e oferecem algum tipo de infraestrutura. Dado o atual potencial biofísico de produção, estima-se que as áreas de pastagem destinadas à pecuária bovina podem estar sendo subutilizadas. O objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de alocação espacial fundamentado numa análise de decisão multicritério e SIG com base na aptidão agrícola das terras, de forma a fornecer informações geoespaciais estratégicas aos tomadores de decisão sobre a localização das áreas potenciais para a expansão da cana-de-açúcar e soja no Brasil. A análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) consiste na integração de dados edafoclimáticos, de infraestrutura e socioeconômicos para a identificação das áreas de pastagens aptas para a alocação dessas culturas. Para aumentar a confiabilidade do modelo, uma equipe de especialistas em cana-deaçúcar e soja foi selecionada para julgar a prioridade das variáveis no processo de análise. A combinação dos julgamentos fornece uma prioridade geral das variáveis, as quais alimentam o modelo. \"E se\" cenários foram também elaborados para mostrar como as mudanças nos pesos dos critérios modificariam a distribuição espacial das classes de aptidão com relação ao modelo principal. Os resultados são exibidos através de mapas que representam a distribuição das classes de aptidão agrícola para a alocação dos cultivos da cana-de-açúcar e soja. As pastagens tornam-se tanto mais adequadas para a alocação da cana ou soja de acordo com as mudanças na influência de cada critério no modelo. Os modelos projetados mostram resultados favoráveis que podem ajudar os tomadores de decisão com informações geoespaciais que identificam áreas prioritárias onde investimentos e esforços deveriam ser direcionados para estimular a expansão agrícola sustentável no Brasil.
189

Pouvoir et influence des parcs naturels régionaux en matière d'habitat : l'exemple du Parc d'Armorique / Regional natural parks’ power and influence in habitat requirements : the example of Armorique RNP

Tanneau, Coralie 15 February 2019 (has links)
À travers le cas du Parc naturel régional d’Armorique, cette thèse propose une analyse critique du lien qui unit les PNR à l’habitat, en mettant en avant les accélérateurs et les freins politiques et territoriaux sur l’implication des syndicats mixtes de Parcs dans ce domaine. Après une mise au point conceptuelle de la notion d’habitat et la présentation des territoires et des modes d’habiter sur le Parc d’Armorique, l’étude interroge les ambitions politiques en la matière et les raisons qui conduisent à leurs concrétisations. Confrontés à un environnement culturel marqué par la ruralité et des difficultés structurelles influant leurs orientations, les Parcs sont aussi contraints par le contexte institutionnel français et l’organisation des territoires sur lesquels ils opèrent. Un parcours historique de l’implication de ces structures sur l’habitat, avec comme étude de cas le Parc d’Armorique, nous montre qu’ils sont dépendants d’orientations nationales changeantes, mais s’acharnent à tenir un rôle majeur dans l’organisation des territoires ruraux. En outre, ils se dévoilent comme d’excellents modèles d’acculturation, porteurs de valeurs et de projets allant dans le sens d’un processus de qualité, de préservation et de vivre-ensemble dans des campagnes souvent négligées par les institutions. / Through the case of Armorique regional natural park, this thesis offers a critical analysis of the link between the RNPs and the habitat, by highlighting the territorial and political boosters and restraints on the joint parks associations involvement in this field. After a conceptual clarification on the notion of habitat and the presentation of the territories and the settlement patterns in Armorique Park, the study questions the political ambitions regarding it and the reasons which lead to their fulfilments. Confronted with a cultural environment marked by the rurality and structural difficulties influencing their orientations, parks are also obliged by the French institutional context and the territories organization on the one they operate. An historic journey about the involvement of these structures on the habitat, with Armorique Park as a case study, shows us that they are dependent on changing national orientations, but they persist in keeping a leading role in the organization of the rural territories. Furthermore, they reveal themselves as excellent models of acculturation, carrying values and projects moving towards the idea of quality process, preservation and a living together concept in a countyside often overlooked by the institutions. .
190

A study of soil survey report use by Indiana secondary school vocational agriculture/agribusiness and social science educators / Soil survey report use.

Voldemaras, Georgette 03 June 2011 (has links)
Awareness, use and attitude by Indiana secondary school vocational agriculture/agribusiness and social science educators toward soil survey reports were determined using a mailed questionnaire. Results were analyzed based on teaching discipline and geographic location (urban and rural). In general, social science respondents were not aware of and did not use soil survey reports as a teaching aid whereas vocational agriculture/ agribusiness respondents did. The majority of educators responded positively to statements regarding usefulness of soil surveys. No significant differences were found between urban and rural areas. Results indicated that teaching discipline was the critical factor in educator use of soil surveys.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

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