The plays of James Boaden, an author all too often forgotten in the pages of theatre history, are usually dismissed by scholars as mercenary adaptations of popular Gothic novels for the stage. Boaden’s plays of the 1790s—Fontainville Forest (1794), The Secret Tribunal (1796), The Italian Monk (1797), Cambro-Britons (1798) and Aurelio and Miranda (1799)—were certainly popular successes in their own time, but this should not discount them from serious consideration as aesthetic and ideological objects. In fact, these plays are intelligently wrought, using popular Gothic conventions to further a conservative ideology that was not originally associated with this genre. This fact has gone unrecognized by scholars partly because these plays have not been previously analysed for their dramaturgical structure as adaptations: Boaden borrows conventions from the Gothic, to be sure, but he also borrows dramaturgical techniques from Shakespeare. In so doing, Boaden harnesses both popular appeal and theatrical legitimacy to write Tory propaganda at a time when the stage was a key tool in the ideological war against France and French sympathizers in Britain. Political threats, both domestic and foreign, were of ongoing concern in Britain in the years following the French Revolution. Immediately after 1789, the Gothic was ideologically charged in ways that promoted revolutionary thinking. Boaden’s adaptation of the Gothic form responds to the revolution and the Reign of Terror by replacing the genre’s iconoclasm with a strongly nationalist orientation, drawn, in part, from eighteenth-century Shakespeare reception, itself often strongly nationalist in tone. Boaden’s plays are reactionary in that they comment on the current political situation, using allegory to play on the audience’s emotions. In his first phase, Boaden depicts the demise of a villainous usurper, a scapegoat figure, but his second phase reintegrates the villain into domestic and social harmony. In so doing, Boaden serves as a case study in the shifting attitude towards Britain’s revolutionary sympathizers, the Jacobins, and illustrates the important use of the Gothic mode for conservative purposes. Boaden emerges, in this study, as a figure whose relevance to theatre history in this fraught period requires reassessment.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Šiame moksliniame tyrime nagrinėjamas teisėtų lūkesčių principo turinio įgyvendinimas valstybės tarnyboje. Siekiant atskleisti temą, analizuojami Valstybės tarnybos įstatymas, valstybės ekonominę būklę apibūdinantys teisės aktai, teismų praktika bei Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinė literatūra. Pirmoje dalyje aptariama teisėtų lūkesčių principo kilmės istorija bei samprata. Analizuojant teisės šaltinius, atskleidžiama, kada asmuo gali įgyti teisėtus lūkesčius bei valstybės pareiga gerbti asmens teises. Tuo pačiu nurodoma, jog teisėtų lūkesčių principas nėra absoliutus bei atskleidžiamos aplinkybės, kurioms egzistuojant, viešoji valdžia gali keisti teisinį reglamentavimą. Antroje mokslinio tyrimo dalyje pabrėžiamas valstybės tarnautojų vaidmuo valstybės valdyme bei valstybės pareiga paisyti šių asmenų teisėtų lūkesčių. Nagrinėjami teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys valstybės tarnautojų darbo užmokesčio dydį bei socialines garantijas, ir atskleidžiami konkretūs aukščiausių valstybės institucijų priimti sprendimai, kurie pažeidžia valstybės tarnautojų teisėtus lūkesčius ir kelia nepasitikėjimą valstybe. Trečioje mokslinio tyrimo dalyje yra apžvelgiama naujausia Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktika, kurioje nagrinėjamas Europos Sąjungos pareigūnų darbo užmokesčio ir socialinių garantijų didinimo ribojimo klausimas. Tuo pačiu, atsižvelgiant į antrojoje dalyje identifikuotas problemas, yra analizuojama Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencija bei suformuojamos pagrindinės sąlygos, kurias... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this scientific research the implementation of substance of principle of legitimate expectations in the public service is analyzed. In order to reveal the point of this subject, the Public service Act, act’s revealing complicated economical and financial situation of state, Court practice and scientific literature of Lithuania as well as foreign countries are analyzed. Firstly, we discuss historical development and conception of principle of legitimate expectations. Analyzing sources of law we reveal when person is able to gain legitimate expectations and duty of state to respect person’s rights. Herewith, it is said that principle of legitimate expectations is not undeniable and circumstances when public authority is able to chance it legal acts are revealed. In Part two we reveal the importance of officials in administration of state and the duty of state to respect officials’ legitimate expectations. Herewith, legal acts related with officials’ salary and social securities are analyzed and problems that arise: decisions which were made by authority of state and which can infringe officials’ legitimate expectations and trust in state. In Part three the point of practice of European Court of Justice of the European Union realated with officials’ salaries and social securities restraint is revealed. Herewith, readers attention is paid to situation in Lithuania: we recall problems identified in Part two and analyze practice of Constitutional Court in order to set main... [to full text]

Le législateur a introduit, à la fin des années 1980, une institution permettant à tout individu majeur et apte de confier, advenant son inaptitude, son bien-être, la gestion de ses biens et, de façon générale, sa protection à une personne en qui il a confiance. Cette institution s’appelle le mandat donné en prévision de l’inaptitude du mandant. Toutefois, les besoins du mandant ne peuvent être déterminés avec précision avant la survenance de son inaptitude. Cette situation a amené une certaine doctrine, en vue d’assurer la sauvegarde de l’autonomie résiduelle du mandant, à invoquer en matière de mandat de protection les principes gouvernant les régimes de protection. Malheureusement, en l’absence de disposition expresse à cet effet, il semble que cette voie ne puisse être adoptée. En conséquence, le présent mémoire tente de démontrer que les principes énoncés à la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne et les fondements du régime contractuel prévu au Code civil du Québec permettent d’assurer la protection du mandant dans le respect de ses intérêts et de ses attentes légitimes. Cette approche concilie également le respect de l’autonomie résiduelle du mandant, de ses volontés et de son besoin de protection et assure l’efficacité de l’institution. / In the late 1980s, the legislator introduced an institution allowing an individual of full age and able to exercise his civil rights to entrust, in the event of his inability, his well-being, the administration of his patrimony and, in general, his protection to a trusty person. This institution is called the mandate given in anticipation of the mandator’s incapacity. However, the onset of the mandator’s inability is a precondition to an accurate evaluation of his needs. This situation has led a certain doctrine, in order to safeguard the residual autonomy of the mandator, to invoke the principles governing the protective supervision of a person of full age. Unfortunately, without a specific provision to that effect, it appears that this pathway cannot be adopted. Accordingly, this text attempts to demonstrate that the principles brought up by the Charter of human rights and freedoms and the general provisions governing contractual agreements under the Civil Code of Québec allows to ensure the protection of the mandator in respect of his interests and his legitimate expectations. This approach also reconciles the respect of the mandator’s residual autonomy, his wishes and his need of protection and ensures the effectiveness of the institution.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

It is the aim with this paper, to research the shortcomings experienced in the appeal procedures as contained in the Engineering Profession Act ("EPA"), in order to determine whether the process should be revised or if only certain relevant sections of the EPA should be rewritten. Due to the administrative nature of certain duties of the Council as authorised by the EPA, it makes it inevitable that appeals will follow. It is therefore imperative that the procedures to appeal, must be both functional and effective. The relevant sections of the EPA as well as the appeal procedures of the Health Professions Act's will be researched, taking into account the stipulations of the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act ("PAJA"). Relevant legal administrative principles and doctrines, court judgments, as well as the views of authors are also taken into account. Two major areas of concern in certain sections of the EPA have been identified: • The fact that the whole council has to decide on appeals, and • the fact that such hearings have to take place within a very limited time frame. Relevant court findings have made it clear that decisions made by authorities, have to comply with the requirements set out in the Constitution in coherence with PAJA. In conclusion, based on the Constitutional and the legal administrative requirements, it is found to be necessary to rewrite the relevant sections of the EPA, as well as the rules of appeal, as these do not make the grade at present. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Each year, students who are newly enrolled in the University of Ottawa Cooperative Education Programs prepare for their first co-op work terms. In this period of pre-employment, students ask themselves important questions like, “What do I have to do to get a job?” and “What do I want to be?” As a co-op practitioner I am exposed to students’ experiences and the dilemmas they face but I still wondered what was hidden from my view and outside of my understanding. Thus, during one-on-one interviews that occurred prior to their first co-op work terms, six co-op students shared the photographs and stories of their co-op experiences with me and I shared my photographs and stories with them. Goffman’s (1959) theory of dramaturgy provided the theoretical framework to present, interpret, and understand the words and pictures that emerged from these interviews. What resulted were dramas, narratives, and allegories: six participant descriptions written as mini-biographies, verbatim transcripts prepared as a reader’s theatre script, and a set of five themes composed with vivid symbolism. The five metaphoric themes of co-op student experience are (a) journey, (b) circus, (c) metamorphosing, (d) anglers at sea, and (e) warriors. Taken together, what emerged was a deeper seeing and a richer understanding of what’s “really going on” in the time prior to students’ first co-op work terms (Goffman, 1974, p. 8) particularly with regards to legitimate peripheral participation, reflection, and experiential learning.

It is the aim with this paper, to research the shortcomings experienced in the appeal procedures as contained in the Engineering Profession Act ("EPA"), in order to determine whether the process should be revised or if only certain relevant sections of the EPA should be rewritten. Due to the administrative nature of certain duties of the Council as authorised by the EPA, it makes it inevitable that appeals will follow. It is therefore imperative that the procedures to appeal, must be both functional and effective. The relevant sections of the EPA as well as the appeal procedures of the Health Professions Act's will be researched, taking into account the stipulations of the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act ("PAJA"). Relevant legal administrative principles and doctrines, court judgments, as well as the views of authors are also taken into account. Two major areas of concern in certain sections of the EPA have been identified: • The fact that the whole council has to decide on appeals, and • the fact that such hearings have to take place within a very limited time frame. Relevant court findings have made it clear that decisions made by authorities, have to comply with the requirements set out in the Constitution in coherence with PAJA. In conclusion, based on the Constitutional and the legal administrative requirements, it is found to be necessary to rewrite the relevant sections of the EPA, as well as the rules of appeal, as these do not make the grade at present. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-54).

Depuis la Révolution Industrielle, les systèmes de production et de consommation de biens n’ont cessé d’évoluer au gré des innovations technologiques, organisationnelles et politiques. Mais ils ont montré une certaine permanence dans les objectifs qui sous-tendent et justifient leurs modalités d’organisation. Ces objectifs sont ceux portés par une société marchande au sein de laquelle l’échange économique constitue un moyen de créer des richesses et de répondre aux besoins de consommation. La recherche d’amélioration continue de la productivité de l’offre et la croissance des volumes et de la diversité des biens et services demandés ont contribué à façonner un système économique marchand et mondialisé, considéré comme le meilleur moyen de créer et de faire circuler les richesses. Pourtant, au cours des dernières décennies, l’atteinte des limites de ce système, tant en termes environnementaux que sociaux, a conduit les acteurs de l’échange à envisager de nouveaux moyens de satisfaire de manière efficace les besoins de consommateurs. Parmi ces moyens, l’économie de fonctionnalité vise à proposer de nouvelles modalités de création de valeur en substituant la vente de l’usage d’un bien à la vente du bien lui-même. Souvent associée à un modèle permettant de découpler la réponse aux besoins de l’utilisation de ressources matérielles, mais aussi de re-territorialiser des activités productives déconnectées de leurs espaces géographiques de consommation, cette pratique interroge quant à sa capacité à faire évoluer le paradigme classique de production et de consommation de masse. Est-elle un simple outil organisationnel permettant de limiter les impacts négatifs du système économique sans en modifier les finalités ou permet-elle au contraire d’en infléchir la trajectoire et de modifier les finalités qu’il poursuit ? Cette thèse cherche à répondre à cette question en abordant l’économie de fonctionnalité par les représentations de l’échange de qualité qu’elle engage dans l’action. Elle s’appuie sur l’économie des conventions pour caractériser les différentes qualités légitimes de l’échange par l’économie de fonctionnalité. Elle cherche à déterminer lesquelles sont porteuses de changements dans les modalités de l’échange sans en modifier les principes fondamentaux et lesquelles sont porteuses de changements dans la philosophie de l’échange économique et dans ses finalités acceptées. Moyen innovant au service d’une fin inchangée ou nouvelle fin qui contraint autant qu’elle incite les acteurs dans l’action, l’économie de fonctionnalité est susceptible de produire dans les deux situations des effets territoriaux et durables hétérogènes. Ce travail s’attache à qualifier les dynamiques de changement en jeu, de sorte à comprendre comment les représentations légitimes de l’économie de fonctionnalité se traduisent en motivations et en effets différenciés. Il crée ainsi le cadre nécessaire à la compréhension des trajectoires de convergence ou de divergence des différents types d’économies de fonctionnalité bénéficiant d’une démarche de légitimation. Il constitue de la sorte une première étape pour envisager les différentes combinaisons de représentations susceptibles de contribuer à l’émergence de systèmes économiques territorialement durables en fonction des objectifs poursuivis par les acteurs. / Since the Industrial Revolution, systems of production and consumption of goods have followed consecutive technological, organizational and political innovations phases. But they have shown a certain permanence in the objectives that underlie and justify the modalities of their organization. These goals are those conveyed by merchant society in which economic exchange is a way to create wealth and meet consumer needs. The quest for continuous improvement in supply productivity and the growth in volume and diversity of goods and services required have helped shaping a globalized trading economic system as the best way to create wealth and make it circulate. However, over the past few decades, this system has reached its limits, both in environmental and social terms, and it has led the stakeholders to consider new ways to efficiently meet the needs of consumers. Among these means, the functional economy aims at proposing new ways of creating value by substituting the sale of the use of a good to the sale of the good itself. Often associated with a model that allows to disconnect the response to the needs of the use of material resources, but also to re-territorialize productive activities that have been disjointed from their geographical areas of consumption, this practice questions as to its ability to make the classical paradigm of mass production and consumption evolve. Is it a simple organizational tool meant to limit the negative impacts of the economic system without modifying the purposes or, on the contrary, a way to change the trajectory and change the goals it pursues? This thesis seeks to answer this question by approaching the functional economy through the representations of the quality exchange that it implies in action. It relies on the economy of conventions to characterize the different legitimate qualities of the exchange. It aims at determining which ones bring changes in the modalities of exchange without impacting its fundamental principles and which bring changes in the philosophy of economic exchange and its accepted purposes. As an innovative means serving an unchanged goal or as a new end that constrains as much as it incites the actors, the functional economy is likely to produce heterogeneous territorial and sustainable effects, in both situations. This work seeks to characterize the dynamics of change at stake, so as to understand how legitimated representations of the functional economy can be translated into differentiated motives and effects. It therefore creates the necessary framework for understanding the converging or diverging trajectories of legitimate functional economies. In this way, it constitutes a first step to consider the different combinations of representations likely to contribute to the emergence of territorially sustainable economic systems according to the objectives pursued by the actors.