Arbetet syftar till att analysera Förvarsmaktens övergripande process rörande erfarenhetshantering ifallet Kosovo mellan 2007 och nutid samt granska hur denna process tar sin utgångspunkt i organisationsteori och metod. Detta är de ingångsvärden som använts i den intervjustudie som genomförts. I denna studie kan två organisationsmodeller påvisas i tidsspannet som arbetet behandlat, en med början 2007 och en senare som i skrivande stund är under implementering, dessa har i olika grad påvisat kopplingar till modellrapporten från FOI 1998. Metodrapporten i sig baseras på Sarv respektive Garvin´s tankar om lärande organisationer och dess bakomliggande tankar är därför genomskinliga. Det teoretiska materialet ger fyra utgångspunkter för analys, mål, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande. Under dialog och mål finns få anknytningspunkter till FOI´s modell, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande å andra sidan påvisar tydligt att tankar mot detta funnit men brister i implementeringeni modellen. För att vidare sammanfoga modellen och dessa tankar anser författaren att tydligare direktiv, styrningar och förklaringar behövs. Författaren påtalar även behovet av vidare forskning på området och specifikt hur processen ser ut efter att den nya organisationsmodellen till fullo implementerats i organisationen. / The study aims to analyse the Swedish Armed Forces process for lessons learned, as it was in Kosovobetween 2007 and present date and examine whether this process is based on organizational theory or not. These were the initial values for the interviews that followed. In answers from the interviews, two organizational models can be found within the given time span, one beginning in 2007 and the later one is as of now being implemented. These models have shown a varying degree of connection to the model developed by FOI in 1998. The model itself is based on the organizational theories of Sarv and Garvin and its ideas can therefore be seen as translucent. The theoretical material gives us four starting points for analysis, dialogue, goal orientation, flexibility and dynamics and finally participation. Under the headings dialogue and goal orientation there are few connecting factors to the FOI model, under the headings flexibility and dynamics and participation on the other hand there are clearly formed thoughts surrounding these issues but the writer found shortcomings in the implementations of these. In order to further merge the model and these bulletpoints the author believes that clearer directives, guidance and explanations are needed. The author also highlights the need for further research within this field to show the outcome of the implementation of the new organizational model.

This quantitative study explores string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education and its use in the private lesson. Guided by Westheimer and Kahne’s (2004) model of citizenship education the study sought to identify (a) how private string teachers perceive citizenship education, and (b) the factors that influence these perceptions. Four hundred and fifteen (415) members of the American String Teachers Association (ASTA) participated in this study by completing an on-line survey that contained both closed and open-ended questions. The resulting data was coded and organized according to the survey questions and the conceptual framework. Research findings revealed that, although teachers did not explicitly consider citizenship education a part of their lessons, their intentions and their report on pedagogical practices could be described as citizenship education when viewed through the conceptual framework used in the study. Indeed, nearly all of the participant responses revealed intentions to include attributes of what Westheimer and Kahne refer to as the Personally Responsible Citizen in their music lessons with students. Educating for traits of other types of citizenship was also reported. Factors deemed influential in string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education included the following: If the teachers had earned certification in Suzuki pedagogy; the number of years of teaching experience; if teachers self-identified as primarily educators, performers, or both; the age of the students who are taught. Additionally, the study addresses teachers’ statements about the use of competitions, dialogue in lessons, and general attitudes about the appropriateness of citizenship education in several different learning environments. The study findings add to a small but growing body of research that furthers understandings of the links between citizenship education and music education. In addition, the findings contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the relationship between private teachers and their students.

This quantitative study explores string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education and its use in the private lesson. Guided by Westheimer and Kahne’s (2004) model of citizenship education the study sought to identify (a) how private string teachers perceive citizenship education, and (b) the factors that influence these perceptions. Four hundred and fifteen (415) members of the American String Teachers Association (ASTA) participated in this study by completing an on-line survey that contained both closed and open-ended questions. The resulting data was coded and organized according to the survey questions and the conceptual framework. Research findings revealed that, although teachers did not explicitly consider citizenship education a part of their lessons, their intentions and their report on pedagogical practices could be described as citizenship education when viewed through the conceptual framework used in the study. Indeed, nearly all of the participant responses revealed intentions to include attributes of what Westheimer and Kahne refer to as the Personally Responsible Citizen in their music lessons with students. Educating for traits of other types of citizenship was also reported. Factors deemed influential in string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education included the following: If the teachers had earned certification in Suzuki pedagogy; the number of years of teaching experience; if teachers self-identified as primarily educators, performers, or both; the age of the students who are taught. Additionally, the study addresses teachers’ statements about the use of competitions, dialogue in lessons, and general attitudes about the appropriateness of citizenship education in several different learning environments. The study findings add to a small but growing body of research that furthers understandings of the links between citizenship education and music education. In addition, the findings contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the relationship between private teachers and their students.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3940319 bytes, checksum: 76efc1b33ddbf7b70de45b9b33fbd377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / After about sixteen years since the publication of Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, we can say that we are experiencing a transitional period in the teaching of Portuguese language marked mainly by theoretical and methodological contradiction with regard to the relationship between the classes of textual production, primarily from the perspective of genres of text and grammar lessons in a prism essentially theoretical and classificatory. We recognize and check that this contradiction has been reflected in the texts of the vestibular candidates, thereby this paper aims, firstly, to evaluate how the candidates are mobilizing linguistic aspects in the text considering the communicative situation and, secondly, it aims to prepare proposals for activities in a epilinguistic perspective that work the possible difficulties encountered in the analyzed texts. Therefore, the Applied Linguistic emerges as a magnified reflection about the teaching of language and society (MOITA LOPES, 2009), and Interactionism Socio discursive (ISD) as theoretical and methodological base that sets up the concept of language that underlies us to understand the role of linguistic knowledge mobilized in textual constitution and the text as communicative action of human (BRONCKART, 2006; SCHNEUWLY e DOLZ, 2004; CRISTOVAO, 2007; PEREIRA, 2009; among others). Considering this paper as qualitative, documentary, interpretative and explanatory research, we seek in twenty-two textual productions of Selection Process Series 2012 of the Federal University of Paraíba the representative corpus of our issue, observing variables of courses and proposals of writing to order to locate the analysis. In conclusion, we certificate that large number of candidates had difficulty articulating structures of subordination and we elaborated, among other activities, that some could be alternative to work them. / Após cerca de dezesseis anos da publicação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, podemos dizer que estamos vivenciando um período de transição no ensino de Língua Portuguesa no Brasil marcado principalmente pela contradição teórica e metodológica no que se refere à articulação entre as aulas de produção textual, prioritariamente na perspectiva dos gêneros de texto, e as aulas de gramática, em um prisma essencialmente teórico e classificatório. Reconhecendo e mesmo verificando que essa contradição tem sido refletida nos textos dos candidatos a vestibulares, ou seja, dos estudantes, este trabalho pretende, por um lado, avaliar de que modo os candidatos estão mobilizando os conhecimentos linguísticos no texto com vistas à situação comunicativa e, por outro, elaborar propostas de atividades, que trabalhem as possíveis dificuldades encontradas nos textos analisados, em uma perspectiva epilinguística. Para tanto, a Linguística Aplicada surge como direcionamento à uma reflexão ampliada sobre ensino de língua e sociedade (MOITA LOPES, 2009), e o Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD), como base teórico-metodológica que configura toda a noção de língua que nos embasa para compreender o papel dos conhecimentos linguísticos mobilizados na constituição textual e do texto como agir comunicativo do humano (BRONCKART, 2006; SCHNEUWLY e DOLZ, 2004; CRISTOVAO, 2007; PEREIRA, 2009; dentre outros). Tratando-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa documental de cunho interpretativo/explicativo, buscamos, em vinte e duas produções textuais do Processo Seletivo Seriado 2012 da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, o corpus representativo da nossa problemática, observando variáveis de curso e de proposta de redação a fim de melhor localizarmos a análise. Atestamos, em conclusão, que grande número dos candidatos apresentou dificuldades em articular estruturas por subordinação e elaboramos, dentre outras atividades, algumas que poderiam ser alternativa para trabalhá-las.

The diploma thesis consists of four parts. The first part is theoretical and focuses on the use of PC in Math lessons, generally lessons in PC laboratory and the PC facilities of Czech schools. The second part of the thesis focuses on the Geonext programme which I have selected for its lucidity and simplicity in using the programme. Third part of the thesis describes a microexperiment, which I have conducted in 6th class of Grammar school. Exercises produced in the Geonext programme were used in this microexperiment. Exercises, which I have worked up in the Geonext programme, but did not use in the microexperiment, are described in the last part of the thesis.

This quantitative study explores string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education and its use in the private lesson. Guided by Westheimer and Kahne’s (2004) model of citizenship education the study sought to identify (a) how private string teachers perceive citizenship education, and (b) the factors that influence these perceptions. Four hundred and fifteen (415) members of the American String Teachers Association (ASTA) participated in this study by completing an on-line survey that contained both closed and open-ended questions. The resulting data was coded and organized according to the survey questions and the conceptual framework. Research findings revealed that, although teachers did not explicitly consider citizenship education a part of their lessons, their intentions and their report on pedagogical practices could be described as citizenship education when viewed through the conceptual framework used in the study. Indeed, nearly all of the participant responses revealed intentions to include attributes of what Westheimer and Kahne refer to as the Personally Responsible Citizen in their music lessons with students. Educating for traits of other types of citizenship was also reported. Factors deemed influential in string teachers’ perceptions of citizenship education included the following: If the teachers had earned certification in Suzuki pedagogy; the number of years of teaching experience; if teachers self-identified as primarily educators, performers, or both; the age of the students who are taught. Additionally, the study addresses teachers’ statements about the use of competitions, dialogue in lessons, and general attitudes about the appropriateness of citizenship education in several different learning environments. The study findings add to a small but growing body of research that furthers understandings of the links between citizenship education and music education. In addition, the findings contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the relationship between private teachers and their students.

Researchers have found that teachers' decisions affect students' opportunity to learn. Prior researchers have investigated teachers' decisions while planning, implementing, or reflecting on lessons, but few researchers have studied teachers' decisions and their reasoning throughout the teaching process. It is important to study teachers' reasoning for why they make the decisions they do throughout the teaching process. Furthermore, because inservice and preservice teachers differ in experience and available resources that they draw on while making decisions, it is helpful to consider the resources PSTs' draw on while reasoning. Curricular reasoning is a framework that describes teachers' thinking processes when making decisions during the teaching process. This study investigated secondary preservice teachers' decisions and curricular reasoning throughout the teaching process. Data were collected from two groups of secondary preservice teachers in a mathematics methods course focused on student thinking and mathematics. Results revealed that the preservice teachers used all seven curricular reasoning strands, especially drawing on mathematical meanings, mapping learning trajectories, and considering learners' perspectives. Specifically, this study demonstrates ways in which preservice teachers reason about their decisions and the intertwined nature of their curricular reasoning. The results from this study also imply that it may be helpful to consider the resources PSTs have access to, including their instructor, and that the order of their lesson planning may allow support for the mathematical learning trajectories within individual lessons. This study also provides validation for the curricular reasoning framework described by Dingman, Teuscher, Olson, and Kasmer (in press), provides subcategories of curricular reasoning strands, and has implications for teacher education.

One of the main tasks of the Swedish Armed Forces over the past few years has been International assignments, which increased the importance of the Lessons Learned process. Methods of simulator training with computers have become more frequent and the technical ability to collect digital data from sensors has been developed as well. This work demonstrates how the experience of Lessons Learned can be communicated with the computer simulator StriSimPC and how modern technology in future support experiences from the Lessons Learned process at the tactical level in the Army. Currently knowledge sharing consists of several processes and strategies in the Swedish Armed Forces. This is done by written reports, oral presentations and different practical exercises. This case study shows the functions of the simulator StriSimPC, methods of training and how it is used today. The study also describes the future opportunities, where digital metadata acquired from the modern combat vehicles could contribute sharing of experience in the Lessons Learned process. The summarized conclusions indicate that StriSimPC can combine the two strategies for personalization and codification of knowledge transfer to reach a higher level of learning. Account must be taken to the training officers’ role and his impact when using serious gaming, especially if StriSimPC will be used for distance learning in the future. StriSimPC can also be a simulation instrument for experiment and development activities based on resource efficient methods with low risk factors. In the future Simulators using serious gaming as StriSimPC may be used to create reconstructions of situations based on models or on the collected digital data from the field. This can be used for visualization and increase knowledge in several ways. / Internationella insatser har varit en av huvuduppgifterna i Försvarsmakten under de senaste åren, vilket ökat vikten av erfarenhetshanteringen. Samtidigt har utbildningsmetoder med datorsimulatorer blivit vanligare och den tekniska förmågan att samla in digitalt underlag från sensorer har utvecklats. Detta arbete visar på hur erfarenheter kan förmedlas med datorsimulatorn StriSimPC inom markarenan, samt hur modern teknik i framtiden kan stödja erfarenhetshanteringen i Armén på taktisk nivå. Dagens hantering av erfarenheter i Försvarsmakten består av flera processer och strategier där kunskapsspridningen sker via skriftliga rapporter, muntliga föredrag samt praktiska övningar i olika miljöer. Denna fallstudie av StriSimPC visar dels på systemets funktioner och dess utbildningsmetoder idag, men även på framtida möjligheter där inhämtad digital metadata från moderna stridsfordon kan bidra till erfarenhetsöverföringen. De sammanfattande slutsatserna och resultatet visar att StriSimPC kan sammanföra personifierings- och kodifieringsstrategin i Försvarsmakten för att nå en hög lärande nivå vid erfarenhetsöverföring. Hänsyn måste dock tas till vikten av övningsledarens roll, framförallt om systemet i framtiden ska användas för distansutbildning. StriSimPC kan också vara ett verktyg för studie- och försöksverksamheten som resurseffektivt och med låg risktagning kan får fram resultat som bygger på simuleringar. Datorsimulatorer som StriSimPC kan i framtiden användas för att skapa rekonstruktioner av situationer, som bygger på modeller eller på insamlad digital data från fältet och som kan användas för visualisering och kunskapsbyggande på flera sätt.

The purpose of the essay has been to analyze if the Swedish Army ground forces, can be looked upon as a learning organization as the doctrines declare. This in the perspective that a working, collective Lessons Learned-process does not exist in the Swedish Army with the possible long term effects of diminishing its war-fighting capabilities. The method is a qualitative text analysis of the recently published report from the Swedish Army Land Warfare Center. The report focuses on tactical experiences from the Swedish ground forces perspective through the years 2009-2012, in the over a decade long Afghanistan-operation. The result indicates that the specified organization, the Army and its ground forces, can be seen as a learning organization but with great flaws. The flaws can be seen in all chosen theoretical disciplines, but are the most palpable in the most important one - the system thinking - which is essential for long term learning. But the analysis also gives some good news. The discipline that embraces the most indications of learning is the personal mastery. The inner strength, will and skill sets of the personnel are striking. The analysis points out that a deep learning exists, specifically on individual and lower levels, but is hindered by the system. Hence, the organization is filled with tacit knowledge. The conclusion is that the war-fighting capabilities might actually have been strengthened, but mainly on individual and low level but not as the organization should have. It lacks a working system for it.

Under en explorativ fallstudie på Volvo CE Arvika har förutsättningarna för organisatoriskt lärande undersökts med avsikt att skapa en erfarenhetspolicy anpassad till företaget. Organisatoriskt lärande är ett betydelsefullt område och bör ses som en förutsättning för ständiga förbättringar. Det bidrar till en konkurrenskraftig verksamhet som inte går att replikera. Organisatoriskt lärande har behandlats teoretiskt av flertalet författare men det finns en avsaknad av dokumenterade praktiska undersökningar. Genom studien beskrivs ett företags organisatoriska lärande utifrån en explorativ undersökning grundad i Senges fem discipliner (personligt mästerskap, mentala modeller, gemensamma visioner, lära tillsammans samt systemtänkande) och Garvin et al. tre byggstenar (en miljö som främjar lärande, konkreta processer och tillvägagångsätt för lärande samt ledarskap som främjar lärande). Undersökningsmetoden kartlade förtegets organisatoriska lärande väl med undantag från att inga mentala modeller identifierades. Studien resulterade i 16 förbättringsförslag och en erfarenhetspolicy bestående av: En Erfarenhetsanalys: ett dokument för insamling av erfarenheter. Ett Erfarenhetsplank: ett verktyg för att presentera, samla och skapa överblick kring erfarenheters uppkomst och karaktär inom projekt. En mappstruktur: för standardiserad och tillgänglig hantering av erfarenhetsdokumentation. Beskrivningen av företagets organisatoriska lärande och den framtagna erfarenhetspolicyn är primärt av intresse för det undersökta företaget. Undersökningsmetoden som används för att kartlägga organisatoriska lärande kan med mindre modifikation användas för andra företag som kan förvänta sig likvärdiga resultat. Även den av studien resulterande erfarenhetspolicyn kan modifieras för att passa andra företag och utgör ett exempel att benchmarka på. / Through an explorative case study, conducted at Volvo CE Arvika, the conditions for organizational learning have been examined in order to create a lesson learned policy, tailored to the company. Organizational learning is an essential area that should be viewed as a corner stone to continuous improvements as well as creating a competitive advantage that cannot be replicated. Several academics have contributed to the field of organizational learning, however, there is a lack of documented practical studies within the field. This thesis describes a company’s organizational learning based on Senges five disciplines (personal mastery, mental models, building a shared vision, team learning, and system thinking) and Garvin et al. three building blocks (supportive learning environment, concrete learning processes and practices, and leadership that reinforces learning) through an explorative case study. The method enabled the company’s organizational learning to be mapped with the exception of mental models which were not identified. This study resulted in 16 improvement proposals and a lesson learned policy consisting of: Experience analysis: A document for the collection of experiences. Experience wall: A tool for visualization to create an overview of the origin and character of the experiences gathered from a project. File structure: In order to standardize the storage of documented experiences with an emphasis on availability. The description of the company's organizational learning and the developed lessoned learned policy are primarily of interest to the investigated company. The method used to map organizational learning in this case study can, with minor modifications, be used by other companies that can expect equivalent results. The lessoned learned policy resulting from the study can also be modified to suit other companies and it provides an example to benchmark on.