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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Mudanças e acontecimentos ao longo da vida: um estudo de representações sociais no contexto da saúde / Changes and events throughout life: a study of social representations in the context of health.

Silva, Luípa Michele 01 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-05-05T11:41:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2459226 bytes, checksum: 26b7eaf662cd1d4b7d91b2f4082cdb0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T11:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2459226 bytes, checksum: 26b7eaf662cd1d4b7d91b2f4082cdb0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / The life course is marked by different events and social changes, such as retirement, marriage, birth of children, among others. As the aging period of life marked by many of them. The choice of social representations as a theoretical basis for this study due to the fact that this, enable the seizure of everyday knowledge emphasizing social cognitive dimensions on events and changes throughout life are important for health, socially contextualized in the eyes of employees from different groups age and, in the apprehension of meanings associated with «old» and «aged». Research has the objective of analyzing the changes and employees of health events in different age groups of seniors and identify the social representations of the «old» and «aged» in the various age groups. It is exploratory and cross-sectional surveys of repetition in a mixed approach, based on the theoretical framework of social representations. The data collection was carried out from two studies, using a semi-structured questionnaire consists of three parts: the first with issues and words of Free Association Test, with the inductors terms: «old» and «aged», considering social demographic variables. In the first study they were interviewed 632 employees and in the second study 200 participants. The collected data were processed with the help of Iramuteq software and interpreted subsidized in the theory of social representations and complemented by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, quantitative, generating three items: 1) changes and events Lifelong : a comparative study among older age groups; 2) Health Events and Their Characteristics in Senior Life Route and 3) Social Representations of Aging and Old in different age groups. The events and changes throughout life in different age groups pointed out the family as the primary concern. For terms inductors: old and older were associated with negative images in different age groups, thus revealing, dimensions: social, biological, cultural and psychological negative front of the aging, responsible for different positions with unfavorable elderly. These results may help in policy making and natural health practices in the field of aging. / O curso de vida é marcado por diferentes acontecimentos e mudanças sociais, como por exemplo, a aposentadoria, o casamento, o nascimento dos filhos, entre outros. Sendo o envelhecimento o período da vida marcado por muitos deles. A escolha das representações sociais como aporte teórico para este estudo deve-se ao fato deste, viabilizar a apreensão do conhecimento cotidiano enfatizando dimensões sócio cognitivas sobre acontecimentos e mudanças ao longo da vida, importantes para saúde, contextualizadas socialmente no olhar de colaboradores de diferentes grupos etários e, na apreensão de sentidos associados a «velho» e «idoso». Os estudos têm os objetivos de analisar as mudanças e acontecimentos de saúde de colaboradores de diferentes grupos etários de idosos e identificar as representações sociais sobre «velho» e «idoso» nas diferentes faixas etárias. Trata-se de pesquisas exploratórias e transversais de repetição em uma abordagem mista, fundamentada no aporte teórico das representações sociais. As coletas de dados foram realizadas a partir de dois estudos, com a utilização um questionário semiestruturado formado por três partes: a primeira com questões sobre e do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, com os termos indutores: «velho» e «idoso» e, contemplando variáveis sociodemográficas. No primeiro estudo foram entrevistados 632 colaboradores e no segundo estudo 200 participantes. Os dados coletados foram processados com o auxilio do software Iramuteq e interpretados subsidiados na teoria das representações sociais e complementados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0, na quantitativa, gerando três artigos: 1) Mudanças e Acontecimentos ao Longo da Vida: um estudo comparativo entre grupos de idosos; 2) Eventos de Saúde e Suas Características no Percurso de Vida de Idosos e, 3) Representações Sociais sobre Idoso e Velho em diferentes faixas etárias. Os acontecimentos e as mudanças ao longo da vida nos diferentes grupos etários apontou a família como a principal preocupação. Para os termos indutores: velho e idoso foram associados imagens negativas nos diferentes grupos etários, revelando assim, dimensões: sociais, biológicas, culturais e psicológicas negativas frente do envelhecimento, responsáveis por diferentes posicionamentos com as pessoas idosas desfavoráveis. Estes resultados podem auxiliar na elaboração de políticas e práticas de saúde singulares no campo do envelhecimento.
142

"Depressão: experiência de pessoas que a vivenciam na pós-modernidade" / Depression: experience of people living it in post-modernity

Cintia Adriana Vieira 27 October 2005 (has links)
A sociedade contemporânea alcançou muitas conquistas com a ciência e a tecnologia, porém o número de pessoas com doença mental aumenta a cada ano. A depressão é o tema deste estudo, pois trata-se de uma doença incapacitante que traz prejuízos à pessoa, à família e à sociedade por afetar milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. O objetivo do trabalho foi compreender e descrever a experiência da pessoa com depressão. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) da cidade de São Paulo, por meio de entrevistas utilizando-se como referencial metodológico a História Oral de Vida. Participaram do estudo seis colaboradoras. Os dados foram analisados, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo e para a interpretação foram usados os princípios teóricos das Ciências Humanas e Sociais. A depressão é uma doença vivenciada historicamente e, por isso, os resultados foram divididos em três categorias, compreendendo a experiência vivida dentro da história de vida, com passado, presente e futuro, quando vislumbrada pelas colaboradoras. O passado é narrado como sofrido, doloroso e pesado, fatos marcantes são trazidos à tona e sinalizados pelas colaboradoras em conjunto, como se unindo, aglutinando e acumulando, como uma pesada carga a ser carregada. No presente, a depressão toma todo o espaço e engloba a vida de uma forma que ela se torna apenas pano de fundo. O viver com os sintomas, as tentativas de suicídio, a busca pela etiologia e o tratamento realizado fazem parte dessa categoria. A probabilidade de um futuro possível é vislumbrada por algumas colaboradoras, que já conseguem enxergar uma tênue luz no fim desse túnel escuro da depressão. Este estudo possibilitou compreender que as pessoas têm vida, projeto e necessidades diferentes e que o projeto terapêutico e o cuidado desempenhado pelo enfermeiro devem ser dirigidos para atender à sua singularidade no mundo. / Contemporary society has achieved a great deal with science and technology; nevertheless the number of people suffering from mental illnesses increases every year. Depression is the subject of this work, for it is an incapacitating illness, damaging its sufferers, their families and the whole society, as it affects millions of people worldwide. The present study aims at understanding and describing the depressed person’s experience. Data collection was carried out at a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS, or in English, Center of Psychosocial Attention) located in São Paulo county, by means of interviews using the Oral Life History methodological framework. Six collaborators took part in the study. Data were analyzed according to content analysis and interpretation was undertaken using theoretical principles from Human and Social Sciences. Depression is a historically experienced illness and, thus, results were divided into three categories comprehending the lived experience with a past, a present and a future within life history, as seen by collaborators. The past is recounted as distressful, painful and heavy – remarkable events are brought to light and perceived by the collaborators as a whole, as if they came together, gathered and accumulated as a heavy burden to be carried by the sufferer. During the present phase, depression takes over and encompasses life to a certain extent that life becomes merely background. This category also includes living with symptoms, suicides attempts and search for etiology and treatment. The probability of a possible future is seen by some collaborators who can glimpse a dim light at the end of the somber tunnel of depression. This work made it possible to understand that people have different lives, projects and needs and that the therapeutic project and the care provided by the nurse must be directed to attend to their uniqueness in the world.
143

Eventos de vida produtores de estresse e cÃncer de mama feminino: metanÃlise / Stressfull life events and female breast cancer: meta-analysis

Miria ConceiÃÃo Lavinas Santos 07 March 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / IntroduÃÃo: VÃrios fatores de risco para cÃncer de mama estÃo bem estabelecidos, entretanto o papel do estresse como um desses fatores requer comprovaÃÃo. Objetivo: Verificar associaÃÃo de eventos de vida produtores de estresse com incidÃncia primÃria do cÃncer de mama entre mulheres. MÃtodo: RevisÃo sistemÃtica nas bases de dados MEDLINE/Pubmed, LILACS e Biblioteca Cochrane Library, no perÃodo de 2006 a 2007, sem restriÃÃo de idioma. A seleÃÃo dos estudos foi realizada por trÃs pesquisadores, e abrangeu os seguintes critÃrios de inclusÃo: pacientes maior de 18 anos; estudos observacionais primÃrios; primeira ocorrÃncia de cÃncer de mama; mensuraÃÃo do estresse por categorias, intensidade e freqÃÃncia dos eventos; resultados expressos como risco relativo (RR) com intervalo de confianÃa (IC). A qualidade metodolÃgica foi avaliada pelos critÃrios de Downs e Black, enquanto o nÃvel de evidÃncia pela classificaÃÃo de Melnyk e Fineout-Oveholt. Para metanÃlise os estudos foram agrupados em trÃs anÃlises: duas anÃlises em virtude das categorias viuvez e divÃrcio, e uma anÃlise considerando a intensidade autopercebida e freqÃÃncia de eventos. Na aplica metanÃlise foi realizada pelo programa Data Analysis and Statistical Software-Stata, versÃo 9.0. com aplicaÃÃo do teste Q para estimar a heterogeneidade e do modelo de efeito randÃmico para cÃlculo do efeito combinado. As anÃlises de sensibilidade e viÃs nÃo foram realizadas devido ao pequeno nÃmero de estudos. Resultado: Oito estudos foram incluÃdos de uma amostra inicial de 621 artigos. A metanÃlise contou com seis estudos caso-controle e dois de coorte. Os escores da qualidade metodolÃgica dos estudos variaram entre 14 e 20 (mediana=17), todos com nÃvel de evidÃncia IV. NÃo foi encontrada associaÃÃo para os eventos estressores viuvez e divÃrcio, para grau/intensidade de estresse o resultado do estudo sugere que pode haver uma associaÃÃo. O RR em relaÃÃo à viuvez foi igual a 1,04 (0,75-1,44; p= 0,800); em relaÃÃo a divÃrcio 1,03 (0,72-1,48; p=0,850), e em relaÃÃo a grau intensidade/freqÃÃncia de estresse 1,73 (0,98-3,05; p=0,059). ConclusÃo: NÃo houve associaÃÃo entre eventos de vida produtores de estresse e cÃncer de mama. O pequeno nÃmero de estudos incluÃdos, reduzindo o poder estatÃstico, nÃo permite eliminar a possibilidade de associaÃÃo entre grau/intensidade de estresse e cÃncer de mama. / Introduction: Several risk factors for breast cancer are well established, however the role of stress as one of these factors requires proof. Objective: Verify the association of life events which produce stress with the primary incidence of breast cancer among women. Method: Systematic review in the data bases MEDLINE/Pubmed, LILACS and Cochrane Library, in the period between 2006 and 2007, with no language restriction. The selection of studies was carried out by three researchers and included the following inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years old, primary observational studies, first occurrence of breast cancer, measurement of stress according to categories, intensity and frequency of events, results expressed as relative risk (RR) with interval of confidence (IC). The methodological quality was evaluated by Downs and Blackâs criteria, while the level of evidence was evaluated by Melnyk and Fineout-Oveholtâs classification. For meta-analysis the studies were grouped in three analyses: two analyses owing to the categories widowhood and divorce, and one analysis considering the intensity self perceived and frequency of events. The meta-analysis was carried out by the program Data Analysis and Statistical Software-Stata, version 9.0. with application of the test Q to estimate heterogeneity and random effects model to calculate the combined effect. Analyses of sensibility and bias were not carried out due to the small number of studies. Result: Eight students were included in an initial sample of 621 articles. The meta-analysis consisted of six case-control studies and two of cohort. The scores of methodological quality varied between 14 and 20 (average=17), all of them with evidence level IV. No association was found for stressing events, widowhood and divorce. However, the result of the study suggests that there may be an association for stress degree/intensity. The RR regarding widowhood was 1,04 (0,75-1,44; p= 0,800); regarding divorce 1,03 (0,72-1,48; p=0,850), and regarding degree, intensity/frequency of stress 1,73 (0,98-3,05; p=0,059). Conclusion: There was no association of stressing life events with breast cancer. The small number of studies included, what reduced the statistical power, does not permit us to eliminate the possibility of association of stress degree/intensity and breast cancer.
144

Eventos de vida e atividade da nefrite lúpica / Life events and activity of lupus nephritis

Vanessa Carvalho Bachiega Gabriel 11 June 2012 (has links)
O desencadeamento do Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) está relacionado às situações estressantes e traumáticas da vida dos pacientes, o que sugere o fator psicológico como deflagrador da doença. A Nefrite Lúpica (NL) pode ser a primeira manifestação do LES e constitui fator de maior morbidade e mortalidade, por levar à insuficiência renal, com necessidade de hemodiálise, e colocar o sujeito diante de mudanças da rotina de vida, da autoimagem, o que faz da própria doença um evento traumático para o paciente. Dentro desse contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (i) verificar a existência de eventos de vida associados ao deflagramento do LES nos relatos dos pacientes com NL e a forma como esses pacientes compreendem o seu adoecimento; e (ii) analisar correlações entre eventos de vida, estado de atividade do LES e perfil socioeconômico. Para a pesquisa empírica, adotou-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, por meio da aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semiestruturada (psicológica), entrevista para eventos de vida recentes (psiquiátrica) e instrumental de classificação socioeconômica. A amostra foi composta por 43 sujeitos internados no Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo, sendo 22 pacientes do grupo caso, com NL e 21 pacientes do grupo controle, com doença glomerular primária. Os dados clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados por meio do SLEDAI e por consulta ao prontuário. Os principais resultados obtidos demonstram que a ocorrência de eventos de vida não apresentou correlação à atividade do LES. Evidencia-se uma associação entre eventos de vida negativos e o deflagramento da doença nos dois grupos estudados, o que demonstra que eventos negativos também antecedem e podem estar associados ao início de outras patologias. Quanto à maneira como os pacientes com NL compreendem o seu adoecimento, observou-se que eles compreendem parcialmente sua doença, atribuindo um significado negativo e associam uma situação emocional ao início do adoecimento. São pacientes que percebem os problemas de suas vidas e possuem necessidade de lidar com o adoecimento implicando-se ao tratamento. Há sofrimento quanto ao adoecimento pelas mudanças e limitações que a doença impõe, principalmente em relação à autoestima, por isto, sofrem emocionalmente e possuem necessidade de serem escutados e amparados. Portanto, conclui-se que os eventos de vida negativos e/ou traumáticos estão relacionados ao deflagramento do LES tanto de forma objetiva como um acontecimento que envolve mudanças no ambiente social externo, sem considerar a subjetividade do sujeito quanto de forma subjetiva como um evento de vida singular, relatado pelos próprios pacientes como um evento traumático. Essas evidências sugerem que os pacientes com NL possuem fatores psicológicos particulares que atuam tanto no curso da doença, quanto em seu deflagramento / The onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is related to stressful and traumatic situations in patient lives, which suggests the psychological factor to trigger the disease. The Lupus Nephritis (LN) may be the first manifestation of SLE and is a major factor of morbidity and mortality, because it leads to kidney failure, requiring hemodialysis. Furthermore, the LN changes the routine of life and selfimage of patients, which makes the disease itself a traumatic event. Within this context, this study aims to: (i) verify the existence of life events associated with the outbreak of SLE, and how these patients understand their illness, and (ii) evaluate correlations between life events, status of SLE activity and socioeconomic profile. For the empirical research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach, applying the following instruments: a semi-structured psychological interview; a psychiatric interview for recent life events and an instrumental for socioeconomic status. The sample was consisted of 43 subjects admitted to the Nephrology Department, at Hospital das Clinicas in Sao Paulo: 22 patients formed the case group, with LN and 21 formed the control group, with primary glomerular disease. The clinical and laboratory data were collected using the SLEDAI. The main results show that the occurrence of life events had no correlation with SLE activity. There was an association between negative life events and the outbreak of the disease in both groups, showing that negative events also precede and may be associated with the onset of other pathologies. Regarding the manner LN patients understand their illness, we see that they partially understand their disease, giving a negative meaning and associating an emotional situation at the beginning of illness. These are patients who perceive problems in their lives and need to deal with the disease giving importance to the treatment. The illness process causes suffering due to the changes and limitations the disease imposes, especially related to self-esteem, therefore, patients suffer emotionally and demand to be heard and supported. Thus, we conclude that the negative life events and/or trauma are related to the triggering of SLE both in an objective way as an event that involves changes in the external social environment, without taking into account the subjectivity of the subject as in a subjective singular life event, reported by the patient as a traumatic event. Based on this analysis, we suggest that patients with LN have particular psychological factors that operate both in the course of the disease, and in its triggering
145

The effect of contextual and historical factors on post-traumatic stress in car-hijacking

Friedman, Beverly 15 September 2014 (has links)
M.A. (Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
146

The relationship between coping strategies and delinquency in young adolescents who endure stressful life events

Pardo, Marjorie Lorraine 01 January 2003 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate resiliency by examining the relationship between coping ability and stressful life events on delinquent behaviors in young adolescents.
147

Att leva med bröstcancer : En litteraturöversikt för att belysa kvinnors upplevda erfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer / Living with breast cancer : A literature review to shed light on women's perceived experiences of living with breast cancer

Magnusson, Frida, Nordström, My January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är en av de vanligaste cancersjukdomarna hos kvinnor i världen. Trots att förekomsten av bröstcancer uppskattas öka årligen har mortaliteten minimerats på grund av rutinmässiga mammografikontroller som kan upptäcka indikationer på bröstcancer i ett tidigare skede. Bröstcancer uppkommer när cancerceller förökar sig okontrollerat och bildar en tumör. Beroende på tumörens storlek och spridning krävs olika behandlingsmetoder. Varje enskild kvinna upplever sjukdomstillståndet individuellt, livsvärlden och hälsan kan påverkas negativt. Sjuksköterskan har i sin yrkesroll ett ansvar att vårda dessa patienter utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva kvinnors upplevda erfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt utfördes utifrån Fribergs metod. Databaserna som användes var CINAHL Complete och Medline vilket genererade i nio kvalitativa artiklar samt en artikel som utgjorde en mixad metod där främst den kvalitativa datan användes. Författarna sökte artikelurvalet utifrån helikopterperspektivet vilket kännetecknas av ett öppet och kritiskt tänkande. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades tre huvudteman: Vikten av att få information och rådgivning från vårdpersonal, att handskas med sin bröstcancer samt påverkan på det dagliga livet. Det sistnämnda temat gestaltar tre subteman: Kroppslig och psykisk påverkan, betydelsen av att få stöd från närstående samt perspektiv på livet och andra existentiella frågor. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån Katie Erikssons Caritativa teori vars syfte är att förstå och lindra lidande. Bröstcancer kan frambringa olika former av unika lidande som sjuksköterskan bör ta hänsyn till i vårdandet. / Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases affecting women in the world. Despite the existence of breast cancer is increasing yearly the mortality has decreased due to routine mammography checkups that are able to discover early signs of breast cancer. Breast cancer occurs when cancer cells multiply uncontrollably and form a tumor. Depending on the tumors size and proliferation there are different types of treatments. Each individual woman experiences the disease state individually, life-world and health can be affected negatively. In its professional role, the nurse has a responsibility to care for these patients from a holistic perspective. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe women’s lived experiences of living with breast cancer. Method: A literature review was conducted based on Friberg´s method. The databases that were used were CINAHL Complete and Medline which generated in nine qualitative articles and one mixed method where main the qualitive part was used. The authors sought articles with help from the helicopter perspective, which is characterized by open and critical thinking. Results: The result identified three main themes: The importance of receiving information and counseling from health care professionals, handle their breast cancer and the disease affecting daily life. The latter theme embodies three subthemes: Bodily and mental impact, the meaning of receiving support from close friends and different perspectives on life and other existential questions. Discussion: The result has been discussed in the basis of Katie Eriksson´s Caritative theory, which aims to understand and relieving suffering. Breast cancer can produce carious forms of unique suffering that the nurse should consider in the care.
148

Kunskap om kvinnors erfarenheter av att ha drabbats av en första hjärtinfarkt - en integrerad litteraturöversikt / Knowledge of women's experiences of suffering from a first heart attack - an integrated review

Hansson, Linda, Svärling Larsson, Viktoria January 2018 (has links)
Abstrakt Hjärtinfarkt är ett av de största hälsoproblemen i Sverige idag. Kvinnor drabbas i stor utsträckning av hjärtinfarkt men de riskeras att missas då den mesta evidensen utgår från ett manligt perspektiv och normer. Syftet med denna integrerade litteraturöversikt var att sammanställa kunskap inom omvårdnadsforskning om kvinnors erfarenheter  efter att ha drabbats av en första hjärtinfarkt. En integrerad litteraturöversikt enligt Whittemore och Knafl metod utfördes och granskades enligt SBU:s riktlinjer. Kvalitativa, kvantitativa och mix studier sammanställdes. Sökningen utfördes i databasen CINAHL. Resultatet visade att kvinnors symtom vid en första hjärtinfarkt särskildes sig från mäns symtom och riskerades att missas av vården på grund av kunskapsbrist. Kvinnor avvaktade att uppsöka vård på grund av ovisshet kring symtomens allvar. Sjuksköterskan behöver uppmärksamma prodromala symtom samt lyfta frågor kring sexuellt samliv. Ny evidens behövs för att få kunskap om kvinnors upplevelser av att drabbas av en första hjärtinfarkt.
149

Vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med tarmstomi : En litteraturöversikt / Adults experiences of living with intestinal stoma : A literature review

Sjögren, Paulina, Wirmén, Amelia January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Orsaken till att en person genomgår en stomioperation kan vara på grund av olika sjukdomar eller hälsotillstånd. Personer som genomgått en stomioperation kan behöva stöd från både familj och vårdpersonal då en livsförändring har skett. Information, undervisning och vägledning från sjuksköterskan är av stor vikt för att personen ska kunna hantera sin stomi. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med tarmstomi. Metod: En litteraturöversikt valdes som metod där elva vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod ingick. Artiklarna söktes fram från två databaser som var CINAHL Complete och Medline. Artiklarna analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs granskningsfrågor som sedan sammanställdes där likheter och skillnader tematiserades. Detta var underlag för litteraturöversiktens resultat. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades i resultatdelen. Temana var förändrad kropp, samliv, rädsla/oro och förberedelser. Två subteman valdes under temat förberedelser som var positiva aspekter av förberedelser och negativa aspekter av förberedelser. Diskussion: I metoddiskussion diskuterar författarna sina svagheter och styrkor i det genomförda arbetet. I resultatdiskussion diskuterar författarna resultatens fyra teman relaterat till Dorothea Orems omvårdnadsteori där egenvård är en central del. / Background: The reason why a person goes through a stoma surgery can be due to various diseases or health conditions. Individuals who go through a stoma surgery can be in need of support from both healthcare professionals and family since a life change has occurred. Information, education and guidance from nurses are vital for the person to be able to manage their stoma. Aim: The aim was to describe adults’ experiences of living with intestinalstoma. Method: A literature review was conducted using eleven scientific articles, of which included both qualitative and quantitative methods. The articles were selected from two databases; CINAHL Complete and Medline. The analytical framework was chosen to analyze the article was Fribergs. This form of analysis highlighted thematic similarities and differences in the articles. This was the grounds for the result of the literature review. Results: Four themes were identified throughout the research. The themes were the following; changed body, cohabitation, fear/worry and preparations. Two subthemes were chosen under the theme preparations as positive aspects due to preparations and negative aspects due to preparations. Discussion: In the discussion of methods, the authors discuss the weaknesses and strengths of the research process. In the discussion of results, the authors discuss the four main concluding themes of the research in relation to Dorothea Orems nursing theory where self-care plays a central role.
150

Livet bakom masken : patienters erfarenheter av non-invasiv ventilatorbehandling vid akut respiratorisk svikt / Life behind the mask : patients' experiences of non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure

Hägg, Lovisa, Adlercreutz, Frida January 2022 (has links)
Non-invasiv ventilation är en vanligt förekommande behandling för patienter som söker akutsjukvård med akut respiratorisk svikt. Behandlingen startas ofta på akutmottagningen och fortsätter därefter på intensiv-, intermediär- eller vanlig vårdavdelning. Behandlingen kan av patienter upplevas både intensiv och betungande och ett betydande problem är att patienten inte tolererar behandlingen.  Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av non-invasiv ventilator vid akut respiratorisk svikt. Metoden var en allmän litteraturöversikt med systematiskt tillvägagångssätt. Systematiska sökningar utfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsychInfo. Sammanlagt inkluderades 15 kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 2012–2019 till litteraturöversikten. Inkluderade artiklar analyserades med en integrerad metod.  Analysen ledde fram till två huvudkategorier och sex underkategorier. Resultatet påvisade förekomst av både fysiska och psykiska aspekter. Sammanfattningsvis var erfarenheter av negativ art vanligast förekommande och kunde karakteriseras av symtom på ångest, smärta och klaustrofobi. Positiva upplevelser var upplevelser av förbättrat andningsarbete, känslor av hopp och säkerhet samt att få en chans till ett fortsatt liv. Resultatet visade även hur personalen påverkar patienters erfarenheter av non-invasiv ventilatorbehandling, där bristfällig delaktighet är en tydligt hämmande faktor och hög kunskapsgrad samt erfarenhet hos personalen en framstående främjande faktor.  Slutsatsen blev att patienter många gånger upplever en majoritet av negativa symtom samtidigt som de befinner sig i en särskilt utsatt och sårbar situation. Behandlingens utfall påverkas av patientens erfarenheter men med hjälp av ökade kunskaper och ett personcentrerat arbetssätt hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen kan den non-invasiva ventilatorbehandlingen optimeras. / Non-invasive ventilation is a common treatment for patients seeking emergency care with acute respiratory failure. The treatment is often initiated at the emergency department and further continues in the intensive- or intermediate care unit, or on a regular ward. The treatment can be experienced by patients as intensive and burdensome, and a significant problem is that the patient can’t tolerate the treatment.   The aim was to describe patients’ experiences of non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. The method was a general literature review with a systematic approach. Systematic searches were carried out in the PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo databases. A total of 15 qualitative and quantitative articles published between the years 2012–2019 was included for the literature review. The included articles were analyzed in an integrated method.  The analysis led to two main categories and six subcategories. The results showed occurrences of both physical and psychological aspects. In summary, negative experiences were the most common and could be characterized by symptoms of anxiety, pain and claustrophobia. Positive experiences were experiences of improved work of breathing, feelings of hope and safety and to be given a chance to a continued life. The results also showed how healthcare personnel affect patients' experiences of non-invasive ventilation, where decreased participation was a clearly inhibiting factor and high levels of knowledge and experience in the personnel was an eminent promoting factor.  The conclusion was that patients often experience a majority of negative symptoms and at the same time being in a particularly vulnerable situation. Treatment outcomes are affected by patients' experiences, but with the use of increased knowledge and a person-centered approach by the healthcare personnel, the non-invasive ventilation treatment can be optimized.

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