It is reported that adolescents' health is deteriorating, when their mental illness has increased. Adolescents' social conditions have also become worse. The mental illness is linked to the individual living conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors adolescents experience have been contributing to making a lifestyle change. The apparent factors can be used to promote adolescents´ health. The method that was used is the survey. Through two of Young-KRIS´s local organizations, ten adolescents´ were contacted. Which have a history of problems as abuse, crime or other destructive behaviour. The result that emerged was compiled and then common features were emerged. The adolescents´ stated that the most important to make a lifestyle change was the consequences, motivation, will, other people, trust, support, reflective and a change of attitude.

Bakgrund: i Sverige har ungefär fyra procent av befolkningen diabetes. Vid behandling av diabetes (typ-2) är målet att minska risken för komplikationer. Detta kan göras med hjälp av livsstilsförändringar (kost, motion) eller/och farmakologisk behandling. Riskfaktorer för komplikationer är högt blodtryck och höga blodfetter. Komplikationer kan ge mikro- och makrovaskulära förändringar i till exempel ögon, njurar respektive hjärta och blodkärl. Patientutbildning är en central del i behandlingen av typ 2 diabetes. Syfte: vårt syfte med denna studie var att belysa deltagarnas uppfattning av att delta i en grupputbildning om deras diabetessjukdom. Metod: I studien intervjuades sex kvinnor och fyra män (i åldern 65-78 år) som alla deltagit i grupputbildning om diabetes. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av analysmetoden fenomenografi. Resultat: utifrån deltagarnas uppfattningar bildades tre beskrivningskategorier: att lära sig mer, att kommunicera på rätt nivå och livsstilsförändringar. Konklusion: Vi anser att grupputbildning kan vara både tidsbesparande och kostnadseffektivt. Det kan vara betydelsefullt att informanterna använder ett språk som även icke sjukvårdsutbildade förstår. Vi anser att det vore värdefullt med någon slags uppföljning, vilket skulle kunna ha en motivationshöjande effekt för deltagarna.  För vidare forskning och utveckling i ämnet skulle det vara av intresse att göra intervjuer med ett större urval. / Background: in Sweden about four percent of the population has diabetes disease. The goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of complications. It can be done with the help of lifestyle changes (diet, exercises) or/and pharmacological treatment. The risk factors for complications are high blood pressures and high blood lipids. The complications can lead to micro- and macro vascular changes, for example in eyes, kidneys, heart and vascular. Patient education plays a central role in type 2 diabetes treatment. Aim: our aim with this study was to elucidate how persons with diabetes considered of attending a group education about their disease. Method: In the study interviewed six women and four men (in the age 65-78 years) that everyone participated in group education about diabetes. The interviews were analyzed with the aid of analysis method phenomenography. Results: on the basis of the participants’ views refined three description categories: to learn more, to communicate on correct level and lifestyle changes. Conclusion: We consider that group education can to be both time-saving and cost-effectively. It can be important to use a language that also non healthcare trained understands. We consider it would be important with some kinds of follow-up, it would to have a motivation increasing effect. For further research and development in the matter would the last of interests to do interviews with a broader selection.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how young members of Free Churches relate to issues connected with lifestyle and identity, based on the changed conditions for the self in late modernity. More specifically, I want to examine how they deal with the increased degree of detraditionalisation and institutional individualization in late modernity. My research-question is: How do young members of Free Churches relate to issues connected with lifestyle and identity, with the increased degree of personal freedom and institutional individualization in late modernity as a starting point? The empiric part of the essay is carried out by qualitative in-depth interviews with five young members of Free Churches. These semi-structured interviews are focused on a number of different areas of the changed conditions for the self in late modernity. My theoretical perspective has been constructed from the theories of Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman, Ulrich Beck and Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim. From these theories a focus on certain relevant areas of the condition of the self in late modernity, has developed. These are work, consumption, marriage, love, sexuality, body and health. The general way of relating to issues of lifestyle and identity that I could interpret from my interview-respondents’ answers was that they exercised a form of opposition against the dominant way of life in late modernity, in issues that can be connected to detraditionalisation. Examples of such issues are those related to marriage and sexuality. But they relate more according to the dominant late modern way of life, in issues that can be connected to the institutional individualization, such as issues of work, consumption and body.

Following rapid economic growth in the 1980s and subsequent rising urbanization in the 1990s, urban centers of India have undergone a “nutrition and lifestyle transformation” regarding dietary choices, cooking methods, food accessibility, and average daily activity level. These changes have been pivotal in the increasing prevalence of obesity and lifestyle–related diseases for Indian adults. With an estimated 71.4 million people living with diabetes, India represents the largest diabetes population worldwide—and numbers are expected to continue growing. These health conditions are not affecting all populations of India; they are affecting the urban middle and upper classes. This thesis will examine the contributing causes behind shifts in food distribution, marketing and consumption in urban parts of India and how the diets and lifestyles of the middle and upper classes have changed, or reacted to such changes, as a result. It will analyze changing patterns of food consumption, as well as corresponding topics, such as lifestyle shifts and emerging health concerns that have developed as a result of rapid urbanization and globalization. My research will primarily focus on how these issues have impacted women. Women, in their roles as wives and mothers, largely control the domestic sphere, central to which is food; thus, they are the primary determiners of their respective “household nutritional status,” as they are responsible for providing food for, as well as shaping the dietary choices of, their husbands and children. I also argue that recent processes of globalization have transformed the food consumption culture of India’s urban middle and upper classes. Following the liberalization of India’s economy in 1991 that resulted in the global integration of international food trade, India’s urban female populations are not only reconsidering what they eat, but when, where, and how they eat. Now, they are facing the repercussions of the food choices and corresponding lifestyle changes that they have made irrespective of the increasing health problems and associated risks. Consequently, India’s urban youth has also begun to reevaluate their consumption habits as a result of globalization processes catalyzed by India’s economic liberalization. These changes in consumption habits have resulted in the emergence of a distinct “youth culture,” in which India’s younger generations are challenging traditional practices and attitudes that older generations have made regarding food and lifestyle choices, with the influence of media at the forefront. India has undergone a nutrition transition, but at what cost to consumer health and well–being, specifically affluent? This thesis will examine how globalization has led to an emerging consumer, specifically affluent urban females significantly impacted by both the introduction of new technologies and the process of globalization that is affecting cultures around the world.

ABSTRACT THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIFESTYLE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BIRTH ORDER WITH CAREER DECISION SELF-EFFICACY by Ronald M. Herndon Over the course of the last several decades Adlerians have demonstrated the vocational utility of Individual Psychology and the constructs of lifestyle and psychological birth order in determining career interests, preferences, and choices (Watkins, 1984a; Watts & Engels, 1995). However, these constructs have not been examined in terms of their relationship to career decision self-efficacy (CDSE). This study examined the relationship of the Adlerian lifestyle and psychological birth order constructs with CDSE among undergraduates (N = 156) at a major southeastern university. Participants were administered a survey packet containing a demographic questionnaire, the BASIS-A Inventory, the White-Campbell Psychological Birth Order Inventory (PBOI), and the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES). The BASIS-A Inventory and the PBOI are instruments measuring the Adlerian constructs of lifestyle and psychological birth order. Both of these instruments do not yield a singular overall score for these constructs. Rather, scores are reported as scale totals corresponding to the factors associated with these constructs. The CDSES is an instrument measuring career decision self-efficacy, which yields scores for the overall measure as well as the scales corresponding to the factors associated with the construct. Results indicate that many statistically significant relationships exist among the factors of lifestyle with the factor scales of CDSE and overall CDSE, including belonging/social interest (BSI) and striving for perfection (P) subscale. Further, the P subscale proved to be a statistically significant predictor of overall CDSE (ρ < .05). The factors of psychological birth order had fewer statistically significant relationships with CDSE and associated factors and did not demonstrate statistically significant predictive ability with CDSE. The significant relationships and predictive ability of specific factors of the lifestyle construct, as well as the significant relationships of psychological birth order, found in this study have implications for increasing the theoretical knowledge base and vocational applicability of Individual Psychology as well as gaining further practical understanding of utilizing these constructs in counseling and vocational assessment.

Bakgrund: Ohälsosamma levnadsvanor bidrar avsevärt till sjukdomsbördan. Allt mer tid spenderas vid skärm och forskning tyder på negativa effekter på mat-, motions- och sömnvanor. Teknikens utveckling har förändrat skärmtiden. Sociala medier har intagit en viktig plats i mångas liv och skärmtid är inte längre automatisk förknippat till faktorer såsom stillasittande samt möjlighet att äta mer. Forskning om levnadsvanor och sociala medier saknas. Syfte: Att undersöka graden av användning av de sociala medierna Facebook och Twitter samt dess samband med de tre olika levnadsvanorna mat-, motions- och sömnvanor. Metod: Deskriptiv, korrelativ tvärsnittstudie i form av en webbaserad enkätundersökning. Genom snöbollsurval rekryterades 150 deltagare i åldern 18-68 år. Inklusionskriterierna var att behärska svenska och vara användare av Facebook och/eller Twitter. Statistisk analysmetod var Spearmans rangkorrelation. Graden av användning av sociala medier var oberoende variabel och levnadsvanevariablerna var beroende variabler. Resultat: Det fanns signifikanta samband mellan mycket tid vid Facebook och färre frukostmåltider, lägre totalt antal måltider samt högre intag av sötade drycker respektive snabbmat. Mycket total tid vid sociala medier var associerat med lägre totalt antal måltider, högre intag av sötade drycker respektive snabbmat samt färre timmar sömn. Inga signifikanta samband återfanns för lunchmåltider, middagsmåltider, grönsaker och rotfrukter, frukt och bär, sötsaker, snacks, motionsvanor, sömnstörningar samt tid vid Twitter. Slutsats: Det fanns signifikanta samband mellan graden av användning av sociala medier och vissa aspekter av mat- och sömnvanor, men inte för motionsvanor. Effekterna av tid vid sociala medier skiljer sig från traditionell skärmtid. Studien introducerar ett outforskat område. Fördjupning kan leda till effektiva, kostnadsbesparande folkhälsokampanjer utifrån modern skärmtid och dess hälsorisker. Sociala medier är möjligen en framtida arena för hälsobudskap. / Background: Unhealthy lifestyles contribute significantly to the development of diseases, and the strain which this causes on society. An increasing amount of time is spent in front of a screen and research suggests that this have negative effects on food, exercise and sleep habits. Technological development has changed the screen time. Social media has taken an important place in many people’s lives and screen time is no longer automatically linked to factors such as sedentary behavior and the possibility to consume more food. There is a lack of research regarding lifestyle and social media. Objective: To examine the relationship between the degree of usage of the social network sites Facebook and Twitter and food, exercise and sleeping habits.Method: A descriptive, correlative cross-sectional study in the form of a web-based survey. Through a snowball sample 150 participants between 18-68 years old were recruited. Inclusion in the study required participants to master the Swedish language and use Facebook and/or Twitter. Spearman's rank correlation was used for statistical analysis. The independent variable was the degree of social media usage and the lifestyles variables were the dependent variables. Results: There were significant correlations between a large amount of time spent on Facebook and fewer breakfast meals, a lower total amount of meals, and a higher intake of sweetened beverages and fast food. A large amount of total social media time was associated with a lower total amount of meals, a higher intake of sweetened beverages and fast food and fewer hours of sleep. No statistically significant associations were found in analyzes of lunch, dinner, vegetables and root crops, fruits, sweets, snacks, exercise habits, sleep disturbances, and time on Twitter. Conclusion: There were significant correlations between the degree of social media usage and some aspects of food and sleeping habits, but not regarding exercise habits. The effects of the time spent on social media differ from traditional screen time. This study introduces an unexplored area. Further development can lead to effective, inexpensive public health campaigns based on modern screen time and its health risks. Social media is pontentially a future arena for effective communication of health messages.

Lifestyle magazines portray women in different manners and have an influence on how media consumers create self-images. The importance of knowing how different visual representation of the female acts out in magazines with large target audiences is therefore of weight for the magazines’ readers to understand. This thesis analyze how the two lifestyle magazines ELLE and LOVE portrays women in images and how they in turn create ideal images of women. The thesis has been conducted through a qualitative analysis of 5 images from each magazine that represents the magazines artistic styles. The theories used in this study are semiotic image analysis and visual text analysis viewed from a gender- and discourse perspective. The conclusion of this thesis is that ELLE portrays women as strong, happy and feminine, with at tendency towards androgyny, while LOVE describes women as inferior and sexual objects constructed for the male gaze. The magazines, which belong to a classic- respectively a post-modern genre within lifestyle magazines, thereby switch places with each other and becomes each other’s counterparts.

<p>Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases, and it is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, death and disability worldwide, especially in developing countries. Physical activity has been regarded as a commonly accepted modality for preventing and treating hypertension. However, despite its known benefits, this modality of treatment and prevention of&nbsp / hypertension continues to be underused. The present study aimed to determine the demographic, social and health-related factors that are associated with levels of physical activity participation among adults with hypertension in Kigali, Rwanda. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 252 adults with hypertension and 87 healthcare professionals through the Godin Leisure-Time&nbsp / Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and Physical Activity Exit Interview (PAEI). Two thirds of the participants (69.44%) were classified as sedentary. The following factors were found to be significantly&nbsp / (P&lt / 0.05) associated with the levels of physical activity: age, marital status, and level of education, residence, tobacco / past and current users, alcohol / current user, diabetes mellitus, BMI, perceived health status, self-efficacy, and blood pressure. None of the healthcare professionals were considered good physical activity counsellor. The findings of the present study highlight the need for the implementation of health promotion strategies aimed at promoting physical activity lifestyle among individuals with hypertension in Rwanda. Efforts should be made in educating people with hypertension on the benefits of integrating regular physical&nbsp / activity in their daily lives. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should be educated concerning how to promote physical&nbsp / activity to all patients especially those with hypertension.</p>

<p>Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors&rsquo / physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical&nbsp / doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students&rsquo / t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students&rsquo / t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p&lt / 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of&nbsp / physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p&lt / 0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility&rsquo / s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their&nbsp / barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel.&nbsp / Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and&nbsp / long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and&nbsp / counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

Lifestyle medicine is the use of lifestyle interventions in the prevention, treatment and management of disease. A faith-based community, which is the subject of much health lifestyle research, is the focus of this study. The Seventh-day Adventist church has promoted a healthy lifestyle, including a plant-based diet, since its foundation in 1863. Research shows that Adventists are much healthier and live significantly longer than the general population. Adventist vegetarians are even more healthy, and live about five years longer than non-vegetarians. The present study was designed to investigate how church leaders relate to the Adventist health lifestyle, and to what extent information about the benefits of adopting this lifestyle is communicated to church members in Sweden. Survey interviews with specific health-related lifestyle questions were used to collect the data. 60% of the respondents reported being vegetarian or vegan. Many agreed that pastors should be health educators as much as gospel preachers, but a majority did not have any academic or other education on health. Only a minority stated that they often preach or share the Adventist health message, but most respondents agreed that every church should be a school of health. The educational program for pastors and other church leaders should include adequate training and experience in health and lifestyle medicine from a faith-based perspective. Seventh-day Adventists should be the first to take full advantage of an evidence-based healthy lifestyle and live as examples to others.