當研究者想要了解態度量表中不同組間之態度分數是否有所差異時，一個常見的分析方法為變異數分析。然而，變異數分析需要建立在資料服從常態分配之假設上，態度量表之資料類型卻很明顯地不符合此一假設。而非針對連續型資料所推導出來的 統計量，應該是較適合處理序列或是等距尺度等非常態資料之檢定方法。本研究主要之目的即為探討利用 統計量以及利用變異數分析兩者所作出之檢定結果差異為何。過去相關研究皆假設態度量表背後存在一連續潛在變數，本研究則直接由間斷型分配出發。在公式推導上，我們發現 統計量與變異數分析中之 統計量存在一對一對應之關係。雖然兩統計量近似之分配不同，但兩統計量所對應之p值卻始終非常接近。若以0.05為顯著水準， 統計量與 統計量之檢定結果幾乎完全相同。當需要檢定不同組間在多題上之看法是否具有差異時，我們比較了將屬於同一主題之各題分數加總，然後依照單變量變異數分析之方法進行檢定，以及多變量變異數分析法、羅吉斯迴歸分析法等三種方法。根據我們的模擬結果，若各組在各題之態度皆很類似，則利用ANOVA進行分析可以得到較低的型一誤差；若各組在各題之態度不太一致，且有左右偏分配互相抵銷的情形，則利用MANOVA或是羅吉斯迴歸分析法才能夠維持住很高的檢定力。 / In social science literature, we frequently found that ANOVA techniques were utilized to analyze Likert-type response data. However, one of the three basic assumptions behind ANOVA is that response variable is normally distributed, and Likert-type data apparently do not share this property. In this study, we compare the performance between statistic associated with ANOVA with Mantel- Haenszel statistic, a statistic aimed at handling categorical data. We found that statistic and statistic have one-to-one relationship. Although these two statistics can be approximated by distribution and Chi-square distribution respectively, their p values are quite close to each other. At the significant level of 0.05, and statistics almost have the same testing results. In addition to analyzing a single Likert-type response question, we would also like to analyze a set of Likert-type response questions that probably represent a specific concept. We propose two alternatives here. The first one is MANOVA, and the second one is logistic regression analysis. According to the simulation results, using the ANOVA approach is slightly better in terms of the type I error rate if the responses have similar structures among questions. On the other hand, using MANOVA or logistic regression analysis would maintain higher power whenever the responses have different structures among questions.

Abstract In accordance with several scholars in the field of human resource management, developing employee commitment towards the employing organization is valuable due to the assumption that it increases their satisfaction, productivity and adaptability. By taking a pedagogical perspective focusing on impact processes, the aim of this master thesis is primarily to identify the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires, of a few employees, in their descriptions of how the experience of Nynas’ Corporate Group Induction has influenced their commitment to Nynas, but also to categorize the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires in a booklet underlined during the Corporate Group Induction, which I refer to as “This is Nynas”. In addition, the aim is to identify if other employees at Nynas share similar experiences, regarding the influence of the Corporate Group Induction. Moreover, the primary methodological approach used and theoretical perspective taken in this study is discursive psychology, based upon the premises of social constructionism. The empirical material is mainly consisting of interviews with six employees at Nynas, as well as of an analysis of the booklet “This is Nynas”. Additionally, the empirical material consists of a web-survey, based upon a five-point Likert scale, containing a sample of 25 employees. The study has identified two main interpretive repertoires in the booklet “This is Nynas”, explicitly the identity and the internalize repertoires, as well as subversions of these repertoires. In relation to this, the study has found that the interviewees in their language use to a large extent emphasize the interpretive repertoires constructed in “This is Nynas”. Furthermore, this master thesis have identified that the interviewees constructed certain interpretive repertoires when describing the experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment to Nynas, namely: the enhancement, the involvement, the development, the reciprocity and the constancy repertoires. Moreover, the study illustrates that the interviewees generally highlighted the Corporate Group Induction as having a strengthening influence on their commitment to Nynas, especially in relation to feelings of being a part of the company, due to the fact that they experienced themselves as active participants during the program. Furthermore, the result shows that the interviewees perceived the Corporate Group Induction as a sign of reciprocal dedication between themselves and Nynas, particularly on the subject of their integration into the company. Finally, the study has found that the experience of those who participated in the survey corresponded to a high extent with the interviewee’s experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment.      Keywords: induction program, Corporate Group Induction, social constructionism, discourse analysis, discursive psychology, discursively constructed, reflexivity, commitment, affective, continuance, normative, Likert scale, late modernity, strategic sampling.

The usability of a software product is dependent on the end-user and the context of use. Having a user-friendly user interface that is appealing and easy to learn and use is essential for improved human productivity. However, this is not always the case. For instance, the computer-based documentation system Siebel used within the elderly care system; is perceived by most nursing assistants as complicated. The goal here is to evaluate the usability of the system's user interface, applying the usability metrics stated in the ISO/IEC-9126-1 standards to quantify the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of Siebel’s documentation system. A prototype user interface was developed for comparison with the current system. Likert-scale five-point scale; System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaires were used to measure User satisfaction. The results mirrored that the participants preferred the newly developed prototype user interface to the existing user interface

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3674.pdf: 4771914 bytes, checksum: 5dd14583c2d833c9bb3c7f0ec784e9d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This research attempted to study the issue of assessing the level of service for bicycles in Brazilian cities, with the ultimate aim of developing a bicycle level of service model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities. The methodology used for model development began with the identification of attributes that can be used to describe the level of service for bicycles, followed by assessing the perceptions of individuals about the importance of the attributes. Among the methods available to measure the perceptions of individuals about the roadway characteristics related to bicycle transportation, it was chosen to use simulations (video based evaluation). The video was produced through a system in which a portable video camera was attached to the bicycle stern. To compensate for the exclusion of some attributes that could not be assessed through video (such as the sensation of heat, the cost of the bicycle, the health benefits, etc) the simulation method was combined with another method of perception analysis: questionnaires formulated based on the Likert scale. Data collection was performed in a case study in the cities of São Carlos and Rio Claro (São Paulo state), in several educational facilities. In total, 451 questionnaires were administered, 60 in the city of Rio Claro and the rest of them in the city of São Carlos. The results of field study were analyzed through methods of descriptive statistics and correlations, producing the following studies: questionnaires results, classification of participants into types of cyclists, the definition of a scale of acceptability to bicycle use and classification of participants in groups, according to this scale. The Bicycle Level of Service Model was calibrated using the FLOW variable, defined as the volume of motor vehicles divided by the effective width of the road, and the level of service grades resulting from the participants evaluation. The model was validated through cross-validation methodology. The model development resulted in a graphic that can be used to determine the probability of perceived level of service for flow values found on roadways. It was considered that the study reached its primary goal, providing a Bicycle Level of Service Model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities. / A presente pesquisa buscou estudar o tema da avaliação do nível de serviço para bicicletas em cidades brasileiras, com o objetivo principal de desenvolver um modelo de nível de serviço para bicicletas possível de ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do modelo teve início com a identificação dos atributos que podem ser utilizados para descrever o nível de serviço para bicicletas, seguida pela avaliação da percepção de indivíduos sobre a importância dos atributos. Dentre os métodos disponíveis para medir a percepção dos indivíduos sobre as características viárias relacionadas ao transporte cicloviário, definiu-se pela realização de simulações, ou seja, avaliação com base em vídeo. O vídeo foi elaborado por meio de um sistema no qual uma câmera de vídeo portátil foi acoplada ao guidão da bicicleta. Para compensar a exclusão de alguns atributos que não podem ser avaliados através do vídeo (como a sensação de calor, o custo da bicicleta, os benefícios para a saúde, etc.), o método da simulação foi combinado com outro método de análise da percepção: questionários formulados com base na escala Likert. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um estudo de caso nas cidades paulistas de São Carlos e Rio Claro, em diversas instituições de ensino. No total, 451 questionários foram aplicados, sendo 60 na cidade de Rio Claro e o restante na cidade de São Carlos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram analisados através de métodos de análise estatística descritiva e correlacional, produzindo os seguintes estudos: resultados dos questionários; classificação dos participantes em tipos de ciclistas; definição de uma escala de aceitabilidade ao uso da bicicleta e a classificação dos participantes em grupos, de acordo com esta escala. O Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas foi calibrado utilizando-se a variável FLUXO, definida como o volume de veículos motorizados dividido pela largura efetiva da via, e as medidas de nível de serviço provenientes da avaliação realizada pelos participantes da pesquisa. O modelo foi validado através da metodologia da validação cruzada. O desenvolvimento do modelo resultou em um gráfico que pode ser utilizado para determinar a probabilidade da percepção de nível de serviço para valores de fluxo encontrados nas vias. Considera-se que a pesquisa atingiu o seu objetivo principal, fornecendo um Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas que pode ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio.

Der Bereich des Controllings betrieblicher Qualifikation und Bildung stellt die Controller vor erhebliche, z.T. unlösbare Probleme: Fast alles, was die Steuerung betrieblichen Lernens anbetrifft, bezieht sich auf nur schwer meßbare latente Größen. In diesem Beitrag soll die methodologische Problematik in einem zentralen Bereich der Steuerung von Maßnahmen betrieblichen Lernens angegangen werden: die Bedarfsanalyse. Zur rationalen Steuerung betrieblicher (Weiter-)Bildung ist die Ermittlung des tatsächlich vorhandenen Bildungsbedarfs unerläßlich. Nur so kann das Kriterium der Wirtschaftlichkeit von (Weiter-)Bildungsmaßnahmen erfüllt werden. Es wird dafür die Nutzung des Verfahrens der summierten Einschätzungen nach Rensis Likert (sogenannte Likert-Skalen) zur Lösung des zugrundeliegenden Meßproblems untersucht. Der Artikel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur Operationalisierung und Messung des Weiterbildungsbedarfs und skizziert Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschung, um eine Anwendung in der betrieblichen Praxis zu ermöglichen.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-09-11T18:20:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-09-26T16:51:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T16:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A associação de Cloroquina (CQ) e Primaquina (PQ) é utilizada como tratamento de primeira linha para malária causada por Plasmodium vivax no Brasil. A falha terapêutica desta associação é reconhecida e mundialmente relatada. De natureza multifatorial, envolve variáveis relacionadas ao hospedeiro, ao vetor e ao agente etiológico. Dentre estas, a adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para estabelecer a eficácia e efetividade dos antimaláricos, pois o comportamento de não adesão tende a aumenta as taxas de recorrência parasitária e favorecer a emergência de cepas resistentes aos antimaláricos. Apesar da elevada incidência de malária por P. vivax na Amazônia brasileira, poucos estudos avaliaram a adesão ao tratamento e fatores comportamentais e ambientais determinantes. Este estudo objetivou estimar a taxa de não adesão ao tratamento da malária por P.vivax no município de Anajás, PA. Efetuou-se o levantamento de dados sociodemográficos (idade, procedência, gênero) e estudos observacionais acerca da percepção da população local sobre a doença e seu tratamento. A seguir, validou-se um instrumento de medida de não adesão ao tratamento em diferentes métricas, com base no estudo de Morisky et al. (1986), com a adição de um item relativo a auto replicação das doses para aplicação nos pacientes com malária por P. vivax. Por fim, propôs-se um modelo de avaliação da não adesão, com base no monitoramento terapêutico dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos da CQ, considerando diferentes cenários de não adesão. Os resultados mostraram que a doença ocorre em ambos os sexos e a maioria dos casos são provenientes de zona rural. Os fatores de risco como gênero, procedência, parasitemia na admissão ao tratamento e faixa etária não exerceram impacto significativo sobre as taxas de não adesão. Entretanto, o abandono do tratamento ao se sentir melhor, pela necessidade de retorno as atividades laborais, ou pior, pelas reações adversas da CQ, foram os comportamentos determinantes para não adesão ao regime terapêutico pleno. O instrumento para medida da não adesão, composto por cinco itens apresentou parâmetros de validação satisfatórios, em especial na escala de Likert em sua forma dicotomizada, que estimou a não adesão ao regime terapêutico em 33,3%. Após construção e validação do modelo farmacocinético mono compartimental por regressão não linear e avaliação de diversos cenários para não adesão, verificou-se que a perda de duas doses consecutivas, sem reposição foi considerada o único cenário que pode alterar significativamente os parâmetros farmacocinéticos da CQ e interferir na resposta terapêutica. / The association of Chloroquine (CQ) and Primaquine (PQ) is used as first-line treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in Brazil. Treatment failure of this association is recognized worldwide and frequently reported. Multifactorial, involving related to the host, the vector and the etiological agent variables. Among these, treatment adherence is critical to establish the efficacy and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs, because the behavior of non-compliance tends to increase the rates of parasite recurrence and foster the emergence of strains resistant to antimalarial drugs. Despite the high incidence of P. vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon basin, few studies have evaluated treatment adherence and behavioral factors and environmental determinants. This study aimed to estimate the rate of non-adherence to treatment of P. vivax malaria in the municipality of Anajás, PA. We conducted a survey of demographic data (age, location, gender) and observational studies on the perception of the local population about the disease and its treatment. Then become a validated instrument to measure non-adherence to treatment in different metrics, based on the study by Morisky et al. (1986), with the addition of an item on the self-replication of doses for use in patients with P. vivax malaria. Finally, we proposed an evaluation model of non-adherence based on therapeutic drug monitoring of pharmacokinetic parameters of CQ, considering different scenarios of noncompliance. The results showed that the disease occurs in both sexes and in most cases are from rural areas. Risk factors such as gender, origin, parasitaemia at admission to treatment and age had no significant impact on rates of nonadherence. However, the abandonment of treatment to feel better, the need to return to work, or worse activities, the adverse effects of CQ, were the key behaviors for non-compliance to full treatment regimen. The instrument for measuring non-adherence, consisting of five items presented satisfactory validation parameters, in particular in its Likert scale dichotomized so that estimated non-adherence to the therapeutic regimen in 33.3%. After construction and validation of the mono-compartmental pharmacokinetic model by non-linear regression and evaluation of various scenarios for non-adherence, it is found that the loss of two consecutive doses without replacement was regarded as the only scenario that can significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters and CK interfere with the therapeutic response.

In the wake of motion capture and visual animation one aspect seems to be lacking. A realistic representation of the dynamic and unpredictable human visual perception. A human examines her surroundings in a unpredictable, saliency based and top-down task oriented manner. In the field of computer science, interaction design and the industry of game development, great leaps have been taken when it comes to capture motion of bodies. Motion capture helps developers and film makers to portray realistic humans in virtual environments. Where motion has come far, eyes and perception has not. As of yet a virtual representation of human visual perception, has not been mimicked as close as body motion. This thesis will examine perceived realism in virtual agents, with a focus on eye motion. In this study a virtual agent has been given eye movements of human beings and been compared to an agent based on current virtual agents in games. This is the first step towards synthesizing more than just human motion in virtual agents. It will provide future research with the data and tools needed to produce an algorithm based on the gathered data. Prior context research includes a study of current games. Two participant experiments have been be conducted, both has recorded eye positional data for analysis. The first experiment helps build the second as it compares virtual agents using a Likert scale for a subjective rating of realism. The results offers some very interesting data, indeed data that lie at the core of the study as well as data for further studies. While statistical analyses of Likert scales might be considered ambiguous this study has done so and reached a conclusion. A virtual agent enhanced with eye-motion based on human eye movements does portray a more realistic human like behaviour. / Arbetet undersöker uppfattad realism av virtuella karaktärer som använder mänskliga ögonrörelser. Med hjälp av en Tobii Eye-tracker har personers ögonrörelser spelats in medan de tittat på en virtuell karaktär. Därefter har den informationen använts till att skapa en virtuell karaktär med mänskliga ögonrörelser. En jämförelse mellan dessa har sedan gjorts för att bedöma vad som uppfattas mest realistiskt. Resultaten kan inte statistik säkerställas, även om datan ger indikationer på att det är en skillnad. / Programme: Master of Science Programme in Design, Interaction and Game Technologies/Masterprogram i design, interaktion och spelteknologier Phone nr: +46735305836