La presente investigación realizada tiene como objetivo principal mejorar el nivel de servicio para la entrega de los productos terminados en una empresa manufacturera de cables eléctricos. Por ende, se aplicó la metodología de Planificación de Requerimiento de Materiales (MRP), cuya herramienta y método permitirá desplegar una propuesta de solución sólida, científica y aplicada a la problemática actual. En primer lugar, se realizó la revisión bibliográfica, citando fuentes y artículos científicos que sustenten y avalen la investigación. Seguidamente, se realizó el análisis de la problemática actual y determinación de causas, para ello se aplicaron métodos y herramientas de ingeniería industrial para la obtención de las causas raíz del problema, las cuales estaban ligadas a los métodos de la empresa. En consecuencia, se formula la hipótesis que la aplicación del MRP, a través del registro de inventario, lista de materiales y el plan maestro de producción (PMP), permitirá mitigar el impacto operativo y económico del problema principal, el cual son los retrasos en la entrega de producto terminado a los clientes. Dicha hipótesis es materia de estudio del siguiente capítulo, donde, en primer lugar, se sustenta que el MRP es la propuesta de mejora que mejor se ajusta a la descripción y la naturaleza de la presente investigación; para luego desplegar propiamente la metodología en sí. Dicho despliegue se realizó a través de la aplicación de la herramienta del MRP antes mencionadas, estructurada bajo un diseño de propuesta basado en planear, ejecutar, verificar y actuar. Finalmente, para la comprobación y verificación de la solución al problema, se realizó una simulación de la propuesta a través de un software, donde se comprobó que efectivamente, luego de la aplicación de la propuesta, se lograría reducir los retrasos en la entrega del producto terminado a los clientes. Además, se realizó una evaluación económica de la propuesta para comprobar la viabilidad del proyecto, respaldando así la presente investigación. / The main objective of the present investigation carried out is to improve the level of service for the delivery of finished products in an electrical cable manufacturing company. Therefore, the Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) methodology was applied, whose tool and method will allow the deployment of a solid, scientific solution proposal applied to the current problem. In the first place, the bibliographic review was carried out, citing sources and scientific articles that support and endorse the research. Next, the analysis of the current problem and determination of causes was carried out, for this, industrial engineering methods and tools were applied to obtain the root causes of the problem, which were linked to the company's methods. Consequently, the hypothesis is formulated that the application of the MRP, through the inventory record, the list of materials and the master production plan (PMP), will mitigate the operational and economic impact of the main problem, which are the delays in delivery of finished product to customers. This hypothesis is the subject of study in the next chapter, where, firstly, it is argued that the MRP is the improvement proposal that best fits the description and nature of the present investigation; and then properly deploy the methodology itself. Said deployment was carried out through the application of the aforementioned MRP tool, structured under a proposal design based on planning, executing, verifying and acting. Finally, for the verification and verification of the solution to the problem, a simulation of the proposal was carried out through software, where it was verified that effectively, after the application of the proposal, it would be possible to reduce the delays in the delivery of the product finished to customers. In addition, an economic evaluation of the proposal was carried out to verify the viability of the project, thus supporting the present investigation. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The impact of acculturation and poor social support as potential risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease amongst Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.) is a developing area of research. One theory is that acculturation to U.S. society is negatively associated with health due to the stress of immigration as well as the less healthy diet and lifestyle in the U.S. It is also theorized that positive social support is associated with better health during immigration due to the buffering effect relationships have on stress. Despite these theories, mixed findings have been found regarding the associations between acculturation and social support to health outcomes in this population. Some research has also noted that significant differences exist between the manner in which men and women experience social support and their acculturation patterns. Consequently, the primary purpose of this study was to test the associations between acculturation and health as well as assess gender, social support, and acculturation for potential moderator effects in a sample of Mexican immigrants in Provo, Utah. Acculturation was measured using the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARMSA-II) which consists of the Anglo Orientation Scale (AOS) and Mexican Orientation Scale (MOS). Social support was determined using both the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and Sarason Social Support Questionnaire (SSSQ) which has two dimensions: satisfaction with support network and size of support network. Hierarchical multiple regression did not find significant associations between acculturation or social support and health outcomes as measured by ambulatory blood pressure or blood draw values including triglycerides, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A significant association was observed between Anglo Orientation and social support as measured by the ISEL-II. A moderation effect was observed between gender and Anglo orientation with satisfaction in one's support network. No other moderation effects were observed in this study. Implications of the findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Studies have identified metabolic health factors to be a major concern in Mexican-Americans, including Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.). Acculturation stress has been hypothesized to be a factor in the development of many health-related concerns in this population. Specifically, previous studies have shown that acculturation stress contributes to health concerns, including metabolic health concerns (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural orientation, a measure of acculturation designed to provide more information than traditional acculturation measures, and metabolic health outcomes. Specific acculturation-related stressors (social support, job-related stress, and depression) were hypothesized mediators in this relationship among a convenience sample of 98 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and years in the U.S. Data were collected twice with a three year interval to examine change over time. Changes in these constructs were examined through the use of Growth Modeling with Bayesian estimation. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure Anglo Cultural Orientation and Mexican Cultural Orientation. Standard blood analyses were used to measure metabolic health outcomes, which included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and glucose. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) was used to measure social support, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to measure job-related stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. No change was identified in Anglo Cultural Orientation or Mexican Cultural Orientation over time in the majority of subjects. A positive relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and HbA1c was found, as was a negative relationship between Mexican Cultural Orientation and HbA1c. Mediation analyses showed a mediation effect of depression on the relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and glucose. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Lists of records in machine-printed documents contain much useful information. As one example, the thousands of family history books scanned, OCRed, and placed on-line by FamilySearch.org probably contain hundreds of millions of fact assertions about people, places, family relationships, and life events. Data like this cannot be fully utilized until a person or process locates the data in the document text, extracts it, and structures it with respect to an ontology or database schema. Yet, in the family history industry and other industries, data in lists goes largely unused because no known approach adequately addresses all of the costs, challenges, and requirements of a complete end-to-end solution to this task. The diverse information is costly to extract because many kinds of lists appear even within a single document, differing from each other in both structure and content. The lists' records and component data fields are usually not set apart explicitly from the rest of the text, especially in a corpus of OCRed historical documents. OCR errors and the lack of document structure (e.g. HMTL tags) make list content hard to recognize by a software tool developed without a substantial amount of highly specialized, hand-coded knowledge or machine learning supervision. Making an approach that is not only accurate but also sufficiently scalable in terms of time and space complexity to process a large corpus efficiently is especially challenging. In this dissertation, we introduce a novel family of scalable approaches to list discovery and ontology population. Its contributions include the following. We introduce the first general-purpose methods of which we are aware for both list detection and wrapper induction for lists in OCRed or other plain text. We formally outline a mapping between in-line labeled text and populated ontologies, effectively reducing the ontology population problem to a sequence labeling problem, opening the door to applying sequence labelers and other common text tools to the goal of populating a richly structured ontology from text. We provide a novel admissible heuristic for inducing regular expression wrappers using an A* search. We introduce two ways of modeling list-structured text with a hidden Markov model. We present two query strategies for active learning in a list-wrapper induction setting. Our primary contributions are two complete and scalable wrapper-induction-based solutions to the end-to-end challenge of finding lists, extracting data, and populating an ontology. The first has linear time and space complexity and extracts highly accurate information at a low cost in terms of user involvement. The second has time and space complexity that are linear in the size of the input text and quadratic in the length of an output record and achieves higher F1-measures for extracted information as a function of supervision cost. We measure the performance of each of these approaches and show that they perform better than strong baselines, including variations of our own approaches and a conditional random field-based approach.

Diese Masterarbeit hat die Erarbeitung neuer Lehrkonzepte für das Eisenbahnbetriebslabor der TU Dresden zum Ziel. Anlass dafür sind die sich durch die technische Entwicklung verändernden Berufsbilder sowie die zunehmenden wirtschaftlichen Restriktionen für den Betrieb der Lehranlagen. Mithilfe einer Berufsfeld- und Kompetenzanalyse werden zunächst die inhaltlichen Anforderungen an die Lehre untersucht. Im Anschluss erfolgt ein Abgleich mit den derzeitigen Lehrkonzepten. Auf dieser Basis werden konkrete Lehrkonzepte für die jeweiligen Zielgruppen entwickelt, wobei der Fokus auf der studentischen Ausbildung liegt. Die neuen Konzepte berücksichtigen dabei alle relevanten Lehr- und Lernformen. Abschließend wird der Weiterentwicklungsbedarf in Form von organisatorischen, inhaltlichen sowie technischen Maßnahmen für die Umsetzung der Lehrkonzepte präzisiert. Im Rahmen einer Handlungsempfehlung sind insbesondere die Entwicklung eines Lehrstellwerkes und die Einrichtung eines Führerstandsimulators zu pointieren.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Ziel der Arbeit 1.2 Methodische Vorgehensweise 2 Berufsfeldanalyse 2.1 Ermittlung möglicher Berufsfelder 2.1.1 Absolventen VIW 2.1.2 Absolventen BSI 2.1.3 Zusammenfassung 2.2 Berufsfelder im Wandel 2.2.1 Operative Berufsfelder 2.2.2 Nicht-operative Berufsfelder 2.3 Absolventenerhebungen 2.3.1 Erhebung am Institut für Bahnsysteme und öffentlichen Verkehr 2.3.2 Absolventenbefragung Studiengang BSI 3 Zielgruppenspezifische Kompetenzanalyse 3.1 Zielgruppe Einsteiger 3.2 Zielgruppe Fortgeschrittene 4 Analyse und Abgleich derzeitiger Lehrkonzepte 4.1 Grundkurs 4.1.1 Organisatorische Analyse 4.1.2 Inhaltliche Analyse und Kompetenzabgleich 4.1.3 Zusammenfassung 4.2 Aufbaukurs 4.2.1 Organisatorische Analyse 4.2.2 Inhaltliche Analyse und Kompetenzabgleich 4.2.3 Zusammenfassung 5 Entwicklung neuer Lehrkonzepte 5.1 Grundkurs 5.1.1 Vorlesungen 5.1.2 Laborpraktika im EBL 5.1.3 Selbststudium 5.2 Aufbaukurs 5.2.1 Vorlesungen 5.2.2 Übungen 5.2.3 Laborpraktika im EBL 5.2.4 Selbststudium 6 Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsempfehlung 6.1 Schlussfolgerungen 6.1.1 Organisatorische Schlussfolgerungen 6.1.2 Inhaltliche Schlussfolgerungen und technischer Weiterentwicklungsbedarf .. 93 6.2 Handlungsempfehlung 7 Fazit 7.1 Zusammenfassung und Wertung 7.2 Weiterer Forschungsbedarf und Ausblick / This Master’s thesis focuses on the development of new teaching concepts for the railway operation laboratory at TU Dresden due to increasing economic restrictions for the operation of teaching facilities as well as the changing job profiles as a result of technical developments. At first, the content requirements for teaching are examined by analyzing the professional fields and the imparted competences. These results are then compared with the current teaching concepts. On this basis, concrete teaching concepts are developed for the respective target groups with a special focus on university-level education. The new concepts consider all relevant forms of teaching and learning. Finally, the need for further development is specified in the form of organizational, content-related, and technical measures for the implementation of the teaching concepts. As part of a recommendation for action, the development of a training signal box and the installation of a driver's cab simulator are to be pointed out in particular.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Ziel der Arbeit 1.2 Methodische Vorgehensweise 2 Berufsfeldanalyse 2.1 Ermittlung möglicher Berufsfelder 2.1.1 Absolventen VIW 2.1.2 Absolventen BSI 2.1.3 Zusammenfassung 2.2 Berufsfelder im Wandel 2.2.1 Operative Berufsfelder 2.2.2 Nicht-operative Berufsfelder 2.3 Absolventenerhebungen 2.3.1 Erhebung am Institut für Bahnsysteme und öffentlichen Verkehr 2.3.2 Absolventenbefragung Studiengang BSI 3 Zielgruppenspezifische Kompetenzanalyse 3.1 Zielgruppe Einsteiger 3.2 Zielgruppe Fortgeschrittene 4 Analyse und Abgleich derzeitiger Lehrkonzepte 4.1 Grundkurs 4.1.1 Organisatorische Analyse 4.1.2 Inhaltliche Analyse und Kompetenzabgleich 4.1.3 Zusammenfassung 4.2 Aufbaukurs 4.2.1 Organisatorische Analyse 4.2.2 Inhaltliche Analyse und Kompetenzabgleich 4.2.3 Zusammenfassung 5 Entwicklung neuer Lehrkonzepte 5.1 Grundkurs 5.1.1 Vorlesungen 5.1.2 Laborpraktika im EBL 5.1.3 Selbststudium 5.2 Aufbaukurs 5.2.1 Vorlesungen 5.2.2 Übungen 5.2.3 Laborpraktika im EBL 5.2.4 Selbststudium 6 Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsempfehlung 6.1 Schlussfolgerungen 6.1.1 Organisatorische Schlussfolgerungen 6.1.2 Inhaltliche Schlussfolgerungen und technischer Weiterentwicklungsbedarf .. 93 6.2 Handlungsempfehlung 7 Fazit 7.1 Zusammenfassung und Wertung 7.2 Weiterer Forschungsbedarf und Ausblick

Generativ AI är ett fenomen som har blivit populärt under de senaste åren vilket har medfört utvecklingen av AI-verktyg. Dessa verktyg kan lösa specifika lösningar inom olika fält inklusive inom UX-design. Där en ny aspekt av Mänsklig-Dator-Interaktion (MDI) har utvecklats mot Människa-AI-Interaktion (MAII). Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka UX-designers användning av AI-verktyg inom skissandet. Studien genomfördes med sju semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tematisk analys. Resultatet presenterar respondenternas perspektiv och tankar kring tillämpningen av de AI-verktyg som används idag. Alla respondenter är överens om att användningen av AI-verktyg gjorde att arbetet blev mer effektivt. Begränsningarna alternativt utmaningarna var att företag bör överväga att införa en tydlig AI-policy för att säkerställa att AI-verktyg används säkert och ansvarsfullt. Studien avslutas med att en stor vikt läggs på mänsklig kreativitet och förståelse för användarens behov är en viktig del gällande användning av AI-verktyg. / Generative AI is a phenomenon that has become popular in recent years, leading to the development of AI tools. These tools can solve specific problems in various fields, including UX design. This has led to the development of a new aspect of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) towards Human-AI Interaction (HAII). The purpose of this study is to investigate UX designers' use of AI tools in sketching. The study was conducted with seven semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis. The results present the respondents' perspectives and thoughts on the application of the AI tools used today. All respondents agree that using AI tools made their work more efficient. Limitations or challenges were that companies should consider implementing a clear AI policy to ensure that AI tools are used safely and responsibly. The study concludes that a great deal of emphasis is placed on human creativity and understanding the needs of the user is an important part of using AI tools.

Bach Ma National Park (BMNP) is recognized as an essential biodiversity hotspot in Vietnam because of its diverse topography, high species richness and threatened and endemic species. This study updates the richness and distribution of vascular plant species in the BMNP by intergrading data from literature, field surveys, key-informant interviews and participatory observations. Our results showed that the park has a high diversity of vascular plants with 1,874 species belonging to 192 families, 6 phylums including Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta, and Magnoliophyta. It also indicates that 199 out of 1,874 vascular species in the BMNP are listed as endangered, precious and rare plant species of Vietnam. In particular, 55 species are part of the IUCN 2020 list, in which 9 are critically endangered species (CR), 15 are endangered species (EN), and 31 are vulnerable species (VU). According to the rankings of the Red List Vietnam (2007), 6 species of CR (accounting for 13.64% compared with the whole country), 36 species of EN (20%), and 52 species of VU (26%) were found in this area. The results provided that vascular plant species are distributed into 2 types based on high altitude (threshold at 900m), but there are no dominant communities. The findings may be essential information for foresters and biologists to recognize and use it as the newest update for their next scientific research in conservation and resource management. / Vườn Quốc gia (VQG) Bạch Mã được xem là một điểm nóng đa dạng sinh học quan trọng ở Việt Nam vì địa hình đa dạng, độ phong phú loài cao, đặc biệt là các loài đặc hữu và nguy cấp. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã cập nhật sự phong phú và phân bố của các loài thực vật bậc cao tại VQG Bạch Mã bằng cách kết hợp dữ liệu từ tổng quan tài liệu, khảo sát thực địa, phỏng vấn người am hiểu và điều tra có sự tham gia. Kết quả cho thấy VQG có hệ thực vật bậc cao phong phú với 1.874 loài, thuộc 192 họ, 6 ngành bao gồm Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng 199 trong số 1.874 loài thực vật bậc cao tại VQG này được xếp vào danh sách các loài nguy cấp của Việt Nam. Đặc biệt, có 55 loài thuộc danh mục của IUCN năm 2020, trong đó có 9 loài Cực kỳ nguy cấp (CR), 15 loài Nguy cấp (EN) và 31 loài Sẽ nguy cấp (VU). Trong khi đó, theo xếp hạng của Sách Đỏ Việt Nam (2007), nghiên cứu cho thấy có 6 loài CR (chiếm 13,64% so với cả nước), 36 loài EN (20%) và 52 loài VU (26%). Phát hiện của chúng tôi cũng chỉ ra rằng đặc điểm phân bố của các loài thực vật bậc cao ở VQG Bạch Mã gồm 2 kiểu rừng dựa trên độ cao (mức 900m), nhưng không có quần xã nào chiếm ưu thế. Các kết quả này được kỳ vọng sẽ là nguồn thông tin cần thiết cho các nhà hoạt động lâm nghiệp và sinh vật học sử dụng nó như một bản cập nhật mới nhất cho các nghiên cứu khoa học tiếp theo trong bảo tồn và quản lý tài nguyên.

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This thesis aims to analyse the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) potential violation of the right to a fair trial in placing alleged terrorists on the infamous ‘kill list’ without due process. The CIA has operated a targeted killing program using Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (AUAV) over ‘areas outside active hostilities’, such as Yemen, since 2002. Due process is inherent to modern democratic societies and shapes their rule of law. The doctrinal legal analysis makes use of the key principles of due process to analyse the relevant Presidential Policy Guidance, its compliance with International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Art. 14, and a case study. These key principles and analyses will result in a clear overview of the program’s violations of the right to a fair trial. Concluding that the CIA’s AUAV program for targeted killing, particularly in Yemen, constitute extrajudicial executions.

Det finns ett flertal tidigare studier som undersöker listbyten och dess effekt på ett bolags aktieavkastning. Merparten av dessa studier är dock baserade på den amerikanska aktiemarknaden. De svenska studierna som har genomförts undersöker effekten av listbyte från alternativa marknadsplatser (MTF) till huvudmarknaden (reglerad marknad). Det har framkommit att det finns ett kunskapsgap vad gäller hur aktieavkastning reagerar på marknadsplatsbyten på Sveriges MTF-er. Genom att endast fokusera på MTFmarknadsplatserna,AktieTorget, First North och Nordic MTF i Sverige och effekten av bytenmellan dessa marknadsplatser blir denna studie ett komplement till den tidigare forskningen inom området. I studien undersöks 39 svenska bolag som mellan åren 2007-2016 valt att byta marknadsplats. OMXPI är det jämförelseindex som använts för att jämföra bolagens avkastning med marknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett värdeför såväl bolagen som dess aktieägare att byta marknadsplats mellan AktieTorget, Nordic MTF och First North, istället för att stanna kvar på den ursprungliga listan. Detta syfte uppnås genom att studien undersöker bolagens aktieavkastning i samband med flytt till likvärdig, alternativ, marknadsplats för att ta reda på om bytet av marknadsplats skapar en negativ avkastning hos bolagen. Denna studie utförs i form av en kvantitativ eventstudie där marknadsplatsbytet utgör eventet. Studiens avsikt är inte att analysera de enskilda bolagen utan att istället ge en samlad bild av effekten på den aktiekursutveckling listbytet medför. Resultatet av studien visar att en negativ ackumulerad onormal avkastning (CAR) förekommer efter att marknadsplatsbytet genomförts. Vid beräkning av parametrarna imarknadsmodellen finner studien att den genomsnittliga ackumulerade onormala avkastningen (CAAR) för samtliga bolag är hela -47,88 %, 12 månader efter att marknadsplatsbytet genomförts. / There are several previous studies that examine switches between marketplaces and how these changes impact companies share performance. The most foregoing research made on the subject share performance is based on the US stock market. Swedish studies made to the subject examine the share performance when companies move from one of the SwedishMultilateral Trading Facilities (MTF) to main market. The authors of this paper have noted that there is a gap of knowledge regarding share performance when companies move between the Multilateral Trading Facilities. By only examining the Swedish Multilateral Trading Facilities, AktieTorget, First North and Nordic MTF, and how moving between the lists affects the share performance, this study is an addition to the previous research in the field.This study examines 39 Swedish companies, which have changed list between 2007-2016. OMXSPI is the benchmark used in this study to compare the companies return with the market return. The purpose of this study is to examine if there is a value for both the companies and its shareholders to exchange marketplaces between the Swedish Multilateral Trading Facilities, AktieTorget, First North and Nordic MTF. This purpose is achieved byexamine the company’s stock price development before and after the change of market place and identify if the change creates a negative share performance. This study is conducted in the form of a quantitative event study where the marketplace change represents the event. The purpose is not to analyze the individual companies but to provide a comprehensive picture ofthe effect the marketplace changes have on the stock price development. The result of the study indicates that a negative accumulated abnormal return (CAR) occurs after the marketplace change. When calculating the parameters in the market model the study finds that the average accumulated abnormal return (CAAR) for all companies is a total of -47,88 % twelve months after the marketplace change.