[pt] O presente estudo analisa a formação do pensamento crítico literário do escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa ao longo dos anos sessenta e setenta. Neste período, marcado pela experiência revolucionária cubana e a expansão internacional da narrativa latino-americana, pensar a literatura era também pensar os modos de existência político-social no continente. Dessa forma, este trabalho divide-se em quatro momentos distintos e relacionais tendo como objeto de investigação, principal, a formulação da teoria dos demônios de Vargas Llosa desenvolvida de modo sistemático em seu livro Gabriel García Márquez: historia de un deicidio (1971). Inicialmente, busca-se a compreensão da conformação do pensamento de Vargas Llosa sobre o papel do intelectual e a função político-social da literatura no contexto dos anos sessenta, assim como a historicidade de seu ensaio sobre a obra do escritor colombiano García Márquez. Num segundo momento, analisamos o conteúdo da teoria dos demônios estabelecendo os diálogos com os pensamentos e conceitos de outros intelectuais, tais como Jean-Paul Sartre e Sigmund Freud. Depois, segue-se a análise das primeiras recepções críticas da interpretação de Vargas Llosa sobre a vocação do romancista e a natureza da literatura, compreendendo que os posicionamentos políticos do escritor peruano adquirem fundamental relevância nesse processo. Finalmente, aborda-se a polêmica entre Ángel Rama e Vargas Llosa, em 1972, na qual analisamos através dos repertórios e conceitos requeridos no debate os tensionamentos e noções de modernização político-cultural no discurso de ambos os polemistas. / [en] The present study analyzes the literary critical thinking formation of the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa throughout the sixties and seventies. In this period, marked by Cuban revolutionary experience and the international expansion of Latin American narrative, to think literature was also to think about the ways of political-social existence on the continent. Thus, this work is divided into four distinct and relational moments having as main research object the formulation of the theory of the demons of Vargas Llosa systematically developed in his book Gabriel García Márquez: historia de un deicidio (1971). Firstly, an attempt is made to understand Vargas Llosa s understanding of the role of the intellectual and the political-social function of literature in the context of the 1960s, as well as the historicity of his essay on the work of Colombian writer García Márquez. In a second moment, we analyze the content of the theory of demons by establishing dialogues with the thoughts and concepts of other intellectuals, such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Sigmund Freud. Then follows the analysis of the first critical receptions of Vargas Llosa s interpretation of the novelist s vocation and the nature of the literature, understanding that the political positions of the Peruvian writer acquire fundamental relevance in this process. Finally, we discuss the polemic between Ángel Rama and Vargas Llosa in 1972, in which we analyzed through the repertoires and concepts required in the debate the tensions and notions of political-cultural modernization in the discourse of both polemicists.

The thesis elaborates upon a question which literary techniques Jeanette Winterson applies in her novels The Passion and Written on the Body to portray queer body. The thesis conceptualizes queer body as crystallizing in discontinuous relationships between the categories of sex, gender identity and compulsory heterosexuality within Butlerian heterosexual matrix. The possibility of discontinuous relationships between them - gender disorder - is realised in the act of beholding queer body. Conceptualization of queer body embedded within the Butlerian heterosexual matrix has not been elaborated upon in the full scope of Jeanette Winterson's work. Literary criticism deals with the body in Written on the Body, not, however, in the context of Butlerian model of heterosexual matrix. Articulation of queer body is realized by deconstructive techniques of Jeanette Winterson's writing. These are comprised in the motifs of mirroring in The Passion and palimpsest in Written on the Body. Ontological anxiety in The Passion brings queer body. Magic realism in the novel gives queer body magical skills which make gender disorder possible. Queer body is abject in the novel. In Written on the Body genderless narrator describes queer body as his/her body. It is an adorable and morbid body. The queer body in this novel...

Notre thèse envisage le rapport entre critique d’art et expression poétique dans l’œuvre de Bernard Noël. Elle comprend trois parties qui articulent sa prose d’idées artistiques avec son imaginaire et sa lyrique du regard et du corps.Dans un souci de représentativité, notre recherche suit certaines thématiques significatives traversant l’œuvre de Bernard Noël, de la critique d’art à la poésie. Les deux parties liminaires se fondent sur une sélection de critiques d’art. Dans la première, les écrits sur Ramón Alejandro et François Lunven donnent l’occasion de retracer la généalogie de la littérature d’art chez Bernard Noël. Sont ensuite traitées les critiques relatives à Magritte, Matisse et Masson, qui se révèlent fondamentales pour le parcours poétique de l’auteur. Sont enfin envisagées, à travers les textes sur Télémaque, Klasen, Debré et Wou-Ki, la figuration et l’abstraction, ces mouvements aux antipodes l’un de l’autre. La deuxième partie de la thèse fait dialoguer critique d’art et poétique. La progression de l’analyse permet alors de reprendre à nouveaux frais certains acquis de la section précédente. Les critiques consacrées à Moninot, à Fred Deux, à Moreau, à David et à Géricault sont rapportées de façon plus spécifique aux éléments qui constituent la poétique personnelle de l’auteur (représentation du corps, opposition corps-esprit, correspondances entre peinture et écriture). La pratique poétique de Bernard Noël fait l’objet de la troisième partie : il s’agit non seulement d’y déceler les modes d’expression versifiée du regard, notamment dans les poèmes inspirés par des œuvres plastiques (graphiques, picturales ou sculpturales), mais encore d’y relever les principes de collaboration régissant les livres de dialogue avec les artistes contemporains. Ce faisant, le prisme de la poétique de Bernard Noël permet d’interroger la notion de réalisme dans la peinture française, la période surréaliste, l’abstraction d’après-guerre, ou encore le mouvement de la nouvelle figuration.Notre corpus, qui ne se prétend pas exhaustif, est constitué de monographies de peintres significatives, tout autant que de textes issus de catalogues d’expositions. Il comporte des poèmes d’art et des livres à figures, tant il est vrai que la place de la peinture et de la sculpture est centrale dans l’œuvre de Bernard Noël. Son rapport à l’art conditionne, en effet, sa relation existentielle, esthétique, voire politique, à la société comme au monde. / Our thesis contemplates the connection between art criticism and poetic expression in the work of Bernard Noël. This thesis is articulated in three parts and it analyses how the prose d'idées artistiques of the poet is melted with his imaginary and his lyrics of eyes and body.Our research is led by a representativeness intent and it follows some significant thematic through the work of Bernard Noël. The two preliminary parts are based on a selection of art criticism. In the first part the writings about Ramon Alejandro and François Luven give us the opportunity to go back to the genealogy in Bernard Noël work. In the same part we examine the critics regarding Magritte, Matisse and Masson which turned out crucial to the author's poetic process. Then we contemplate, through the texts about Télémaque, Klasen, Debré and Wou-Ki, figuration end abstraction as movements one opposite to the other. The second part of the thesis engages art criticism and poetic. The progression of the analysis allows to recall some issues of the previous section.The critics addressed to Moninot, Fred Deux, Moreau, David and Géricault are treated in a more specific way to and mixed with elements which constitute author’s personal poetic (body representation, body and mind opposition, painting-writing connection). Bernard Noël's poetic practice is the subject of the third part: here we try to reveal not only the versified expressions use, especially in the poems inspired by plastic art works (graphics, paintings or sculpture), but also the principles of collaboration which stand above the books of dialogue with the contemporary artists.Through the analysis of the work of Bernard Noël we can examine the concept of realism in the french painting, the surrealist period, the abstraction movement after the war or the new figuration movement.Our corpus, which claims not to be exhaustive, is made by monographs of important painters and by texts of exposition catalogues. It includes art, poems and figure books since it is true that the place of painting and sculpture it’s central in Bernard Noël’s work as his relationship with art which influences his existence, aesthetics, even political view of society and of the world.

An important anomaly in transatlantic criticism is the contrast between transatlantic theory and the applied criticism of literature through a transatlantic lens. While most transatlantic scholars assert the value of individual strands of thought throughout the globe and stress the importance of overcoming national hegemonic barriers in literature, applied criticism generally favors an older model that privileges British literary thought in the nineteenth century. I claim that both British and American writers can influence each other, and that mutations in thought can travel both ways across the Atlantic. To argue this claim, I begin by analyzing the influence of Blackwood's Magazine on the literary aesthetic of Edgar Allan Poe. While Poe's early works read very similar to Blackwood's articles, he positioned himself against Blackwood's in the middle of his career and developed a different, although derivative, approach to psychological fiction. I next follow this psychological strain back across the Atlantic, where Oscar Wilde melded aspects of Poe's fiction to his own unique form of satire and social critique.

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Fay Weldon is a popular, prolific author whose oeuvre stretches from 1967 to the present and includes 20 novels, three collections of short stories and numerous stage, radio and television plays, scripts and adaptations. This thesis limits itself to her fiction and follows the chronological course of Weldon's writing career in five chapters. Fay Weldon's fiction, situated at the intersection of postmodemism and feminism, is doubly subversive. It both overturns 'reasonable' narrative conventions and wittily deconstructs the specious terminology used to define women. Weldon's disobedient female protagonists - madwomen, criminals, outcasts and she-devils - assert the power of the Other. Gynocentric themes - single parenthood, sisterhood, reproduction, motherhood, sex and marriage - are transformed by Weldon into uproarious feminist revenge comedy. This she achieves through an intertextuality which often involves unorthodox typography, genreswopping and metafictional devices. Moreover, a unique ventriloquism enables her omniscient first-person narrators to mimic 'Fay Weldon' herself. Since her narrators are rebels and iconoclasts, Weldon has always been viewed as a subversive individual worthy of media attention, especially interviews. For this reason, and because she is a woman writer who struggled initially against social and domestic odds, the thesis incorporates in its argument the author's biography and public personae. Chapter One explores the connections between Weldon's first novels - notably Down Among the Women (1971) - and early liberationist and anthropological feminism. In Chapter Two, Bakhtin's dialogic imagination and Derrida's differance provide the basis for a discussion of multiplicity in Weldon's novels of the late 1970s, particularly Praxis (1979), shortlisted for the Booker prize. Chapter Three tests the limits of a psychoanalytical model in accounting for Weldon's novels of (m)Otherhood, including The Life and Loves of a SheDevil (1983). Theories of humour and carnival inform Chapter Four's analysis of how Weldon's wit - at its tendentious best in The Heart of the Country (1987) - declines into innocence. Finally, Chapter Five sees Weldon's flagging literary reputation as the symptom of authorial exhaustion and retreat from a feminist agenda. This concluding chapter is, however, ultimately optimistic that the mercurial author's undeniable talents may reassert themselves / English Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (English)

Paul L. Rosenfeld ( 1890-1946) almost single-handedly established the music of living American composers on a solid critical foundation in the period between the two world wars. Although he built a reputation chiefly as a critic of music, he was a man ofletters who ranged across all the arts with unrivaled competence and ease. Rosenfeld's contemporaries acknowledged him as a champion of that strain of modernism which celebrated the interrelatedness of the arts. His importance for the wider culture of early twentieth-century American modernism also lay in his seriousness about the arts. Rosenfeld earned forward the American democratic and romantic belief, epitomized by Walt Whitman and Alfred Stieglitz, in the capacity of art to articulate basic values that enrich and even ennoble the human person. Such an idealistic conception of the value of art was increasingly losing favor among the American literati during the 1920s, the period when Rosenfeld enjoyed his greatest influence and prestige. During this decade of"terrible honesty," American intellectuals tended to dismiss the "ideals of men" in favor of a single-minded interest in a more bitter realism. Inasmuch as they denigrated the notion that art held any kind of privileged status as a conveyor of values, they were in effect nascent postmodemists. This study ofPaul Rosenfeld's life and work examines the achievements ofPaul Rosenfeld as a critic of the arts in their relation to the wider American culture of the interwar years, and as a purveyor of modernism against the background of the first strains of postmodemism. It will also treat at length Rosenfeld's efforts as a writer, editor, and minor philanthropist on behalf of establishing a distinctively American music, literature, and painting. This cultural nationalism, I argue, is best understood as part ofRosenfeld's modernist project. To a lesser degree this thesis also deals with the changing position of the man of letters in American life. / History / D. Litt et Phil. (History)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In die veertigerjare het Robert Gordis aanhalings in die boek Prediker uitgewys. Diethelm Michel en Norman Whybray het die aanhalingshipotese ondersteun, terwyl Michael Fox nie ten gunste daarvan was nie. Whybray het kriteria saarngestel op grond waarvan hy aanhalings uit ouer wysheidsmateriaal kon onderskei. Fox kon op grond van sy eie kriteria geen aanhalings identifiseer nie. Om vas te st el of die Prediker we! uit ouer wysheidsmateriaal aanhaal, word eerstens gekyk na hoe die wysheid in Israel ontstaan het en wat die boek Prediker se verhouding tot ander wysheidsgeskrifte is. Hie ma word die histories-kritiese bestudering van die boek onder die loep geneem alvorens die navorsingsgeskiedenis van aanhalings nagegaan word. Prediker 9-11 word ondersoek om te bepaal of die Prediker we! uit vroeere wysheidsmateriaal aanhaal. Ten slotte word die vraag gevra of Bybelvertalings aanhalings moet uitlig ten einde die teks beter verstaanbaar te maak. / In the forties, Robert Gordis pointed out that quotations do occur in the book Ecclesiastes. Diethelm Michel and Norman Whybray endorsed this hypothesis of quotations, while Michael Fox has taken a stance against it. Whybray compiled criteria to distinguish older wisdom sayings in the book Ecclesiastes. Fox applied his own criteria and could not find any quotations. To determine if the author (Qohelet) does quote from older wisdom material, we take a look how the wisdom developed in Israel and what the book's relation was to other wisdom books. Then the contribution of the historical-critical methods to the understanding of the book is surveyed before die research history of quotations is discussed. Ecclesiastes 9-11 is examined to determine if Qohelet really quotes from older wisdom material. Finally, we ask the question whether quotations should be highlighted in Bible translations in order to improve understanding of the text. / Biblical and Ancient studies / M.A.(Biblical Studies)

This work is comprised of an Introduction and two Parts. Part One treats, by way of historical review and evaluation, the disestablishment of the Christian worldview in a postmodern age. Part Two proposes the means by whichthe Christian worldview might be reestablished. The reestablishment includes the use of some of the benefits of postmodernism by Christians as well as a return to the responsible reading of texts, especially the biblical text. Part One, The Disestablishment of the Christian Worldview, is composed ofthree chapters. Chapter 1chronicles the change that has occurred in Western culture because of the ascendency of postmodernism. It isbest described as a change in authorityfrom the logocentric metanarrative which has characterized Christianity to the deconstructionist rejection of worldviews by postmodern literary critics. Chapter 2 reviews the paradigm shifts that have occurred in belief systemsthat have occurred in the West as a result of this change,and Chapter 3 shows the effects of all this in the culture's principal institutions. Part Two, The Reestablishment of the Christian Worldview, is also composed of three chapters. Chapter 4 shows the impact that postmodernity has had on the efforts now being made on behalf of reestablishing the Christian worldview as a viable intellectual position in Western culture. Chapter 5 is occupied with the negative and positive responses of certain Christian scholars to the challenge of postmodernism, and Chapter 6 closes the study with an extended treatment of the factors that must be in play for a reestablishment of the Christian worldview to occur in Western civilization. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Theology)