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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2385.pdf: 3560559 bytes, checksum: 71e6c5c7aca71d06463f1bc0bc063005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / In the past decades companies around the world have implemented their concepts of Lean Manufacture (LM) with their main focus on business. Together with LM s implementation comes the need of continuous improvement as several sources and historical data volume originate from its processing. Whenever those historical data are, for any reason, discarded without generating indicators the oportunity of transforming data into strategic information is missed. Such situation brings about the need of an adequate performance measurement system of LM. Having this constant monitoring need of LM s performance in mind as a strategic mean for a company to achieve competitivity in the market, this paper aims to develop through Information Technology (IT) and the tools of Business Intelligence (BI) a proposal of managing performance indicators of LM present in shoe production, as an alternative to improve decision making. In order to develop this research, an overview of the literature of LM, BI, Information Systems (IS), performance indicators and shoe manufacturing from the basic concept of LM is offered that, on the other hand, has to do with cost reduction and total cut of waste. This study leads to the seven waste groups of LM, which, together with other published works, can guide and focus so as to reach indicators. By setting indicators and pointing strategy, and also collecting data, the next step is modelling and developing data load in dimentional format prepared to use BI s tools as On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Finally, the application is tested in a shoe industry with the load of waste indicator for over production. The final result of the research is a series of analyses of waste information for over production as well as the contribution of the proposed method in terms of easiness, flexibility and practical availability in companies. / Nas últimas décadas, empresas do mundo inteiro têm implementado os conceitos da Manufatura Enxuta (ME) com objetivo estratégico para os negócios. Conforme a manufatura enxuta é implementada, surge também a necessidade de melhoria contínua, e conseqüentemente aparecem várias fontes e volume de dados histórico advindos do seu processamento. Quando esses dados históricos por qualquer motivo são descartados sem gerar indicadores, é desperdiçada a oportunidade de transformar os dados em informação estratégica. Esta situação expõe a necessidade de um adequado sistema de medição de desempenho da manufatura enxuta. Entendendo esta necessidade de monitoramento constante do desempenho da Manufatura Enxuta (ME) como um fator estratégico para as empresas obterem competitividade no mercado; este trabalho busca desenvolver através da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e das ferramentas de Business Intelligence (BI) uma proposta de gerenciamento de indicadores de desempenho da Manufatura Enxuta (ME) presentes na produção de calçados, como uma alternativa para melhorar a tomada de decisão. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi feita uma revisão da literatura de Manufatura Enxuta (ME), Sistemas de Informação (SI), Business Intelligence (BI), indicadores de desempenho e manufatura de calçados com base no conceito da Manufatura Enxuta (ME), que é a redução de custo pela total eliminação de desperdícios. Isto leva aos sete grupos de desperdício da Manufatura Enxuta (ME), que por sua vez, em conjunto com outros trabalhos publicados, servem de guia e foco para encontrar os indicadores. Com a definição dos indicadores e a estratégia de apontamento e carga dos dados, o próximo passo é uma modelagem e desenvolvimento da carga dos dados em formato dimensional, preparado para utilização de ferramentas de Business Intelligence (BI) como On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Por último a aplicação é testada numa indústria de calçados com a carga do indicador de perda por super produção. O resultado final do trabalho é uma série de análises das informações de perda por superprodução, assim como a contribuição do método proposto em termos de facilidade, flexibilidade e viabilidade para uso prático nas empresas.

El presente análisis parte de un estudio contrastivo, el cual consta de una clasificación de los títulos literarios traducidos del castellano al sueco entre los años 1988 y 2007. Hemos clasificado los títulos según el grado de modificación semántica entre el título original y el título traducido. La parte cualitativa consta del análisis de algunos títulos del estudio contrastivo, con un enfoque particular en los títulos que han sido modificados, los efectos que las modificaciones conllevan, si se pueden motivar y por qué. Parece haber un respeto profundo por el título original de una obra, ya que un 48% de los 208 títulos traducidos del estudio equivalen semánticamente a los títulos originales. Sin embargo, un 52% de los títulos ha sido modificado al ser traducido. Al analizar algunos casos de manera más profunda queda claro que más bien que ser cambios arbitrarios, las modificaciones lingüísticas pueden tener explicaciones sintácticas, estilísticas y/o culturales. El deseo de reconstruir significado connotativo y cierto nivel estilístico ha sido la guía en muchos casos. En efecto, una equivalencia formal, o traducir de manera más literal, no siempre es deseable, aunque sea una opción posible en la mayoría de los casos.

The aim of this thesis is to focus on external imbalance and fiscal imbalance, which are recognized to be the cause of financial crisis in Europe, in Slovakia and Estonia. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to provide a theoretical background of external imbalance of current account deficit and deficit of balance of payment. As well to provide the definition of causes and consequences of creation of state budget, public debt and graphic interpretation of economic tools by using IS-LM-BP model. The aim of the practical part of my thesis is based on analysis of balance of, deficit of state budget and public debt of Slovakia and Estonia. I particularly focused on processes that vanish the imbalances by financing with and without debt, market equalization process and active economic policy. Furthermore, I designed a graphic evolution of Slovakia and Estonia in the period of time after the spread of financial crisis by using the IS-LM-BP model.

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This thesis investigates Swedish trade promotion in Lebanon from 1920 to 1975. The aim is to increase knowledge about how actors in a small open western economy tried to develop their economic interests in an emerging market characterized by great uncertainty. Here, the promising economic outlook coincided with a high degree of political instability. The study analyzes the interactions between Swedish trade related authorities, organizations and companies in their efforts to develop Swedish business interests in Lebanon: a developing country in a conflict-affected area with potentially large and emerging markets, where the cultural distance to Sweden was significant. In this study a model, which is known as the Uppsala model, forms an analytical interpretative framework for studying the actions and strategies of the trade related authorities and organizations despite the model's specific perspective on the establishment process of firms abroad. Based on the taxonomy, which is the basis of this interpretative model, this interpretative framwork has been possible to apply because of the assumed interactions between trade related authorities/organizations and companies when establishing commercial presence in new markets. The assumption is that the trade related authorities and organizations enhance for companies in various ways, while there is an economic-political interest that the state strives to reach by encouraging companies to set up business in new markets. By using this model, the events have been systematized through a historical generalization and periodization of Swedish trade promotion and organization. Added with the type of knowledge development that has taken place. In this way, the role of authorities and organizations in trade promotion and organizational build-up abroad has been highlighted. The results show that Swedish trade promotion attempts and organization in Lebanon took place in close cooperation with Swedish trade related authorities and organizations through their information inflows. In practice the companies' needs for information and assistance were reflected in the work that has been exercised by the authorities and organizations. By playing an important role in information building, escalating network positions and at the same time providing the companies with specific information, the trade related authorities and organizations became key actors in the development of Swedish trade relations with Lebanon. The study concludes that new perspectives can be obtained by including trade related authorities and organizations when using the Uppsala model in future studies. / Denna avhandling studerar svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975. Syftet är att öka kunskapen om hur aktörer i en liten öppen västekonomi försökte utveckla sina ekonomiska intressen på en ny framväxande marknad präglad av stor osäkerhet, där lovande ekonomiska utsikter sammanföll med en hög grad av politisk instabilitet. I studien analyseras samspelet mellan svenska handelsrelaterade myndigheter, organisationer och företag i deras strävan att utveckla svenska handels- och affärsintressen i Libanon: ett land som betraktas här som ett utvecklingsland i ett konfliktdrabbat område med potentiellt stora och nya marknader med ett betydande kulturellt avstånd till Sverige. I studien utgör den så kallade Uppsalamodellen den analytiska tolkningsramen för att studera myndigheternas och intresseorganisationernas agerande och strategier, trots att modellens perspektiv bygger på företagens utlandsetablering. Med utgångspunkt i den taxonomi som är grunden i modellen har denna tolkningsram varit möjlig på grund av det samspel som antas finnas mellan företag och myndigheter, särskilt när det gäller etablerandet av en affärsmässig närvaro på en ny och osäker marknad. Antaganden är att myndigheterna på olika sätt underlättar för företagen, samtidigt som det finns ett statligt ekonomisk-politiskt intresse att få företag att etablera sig på nya marknader. Med hjälp av modellen har händelseförloppen systematiserats genom en historisk generalisering och periodisering av svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder med avseende på organisation och den typ av kunskapsuppbyggnad som skett. Därmed belyses också myndigheternas och organisationernas roll vid företagsetableringar i utlandet. Resultaten visar att företagsetableringsförsöken och organisationen av svensk handel i Libanon skedde i nära samarbete mellan svenska myndigheter och organisationer genom utbyte av information. I praktiken avspeglades företagens behov av information och hjälp i myndigheternas och organisationernas arbete. I och med att myndigheterna/organisationerna deltog i informationsuppbyggnaden, skapandet av nätverkspositioner och samtidigt förmedlade information mellan företagen var dessa betingade som centrala aktörer vid etableringen av svenska handelsförbindelser med Libanon. Studiens slutsats är att nya perspektiv gällande företagsetableringar på utländska marknader kan erhållas genom att inkludera myndigheters och organisationers agerande vid tillämpningen av Uppsala modellen i framtida studier.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterização de filmes finos de óxido de alumínio produzidos por deposição assistida por feixe de íons Ar+. Tal caracterização consiste em estabelecer a relação entre os parâmetros de produção (energia do feixe e uxo relativo de Ar), a composição e a estrutura dos lmes. Para tanto, utiliza-se técnicas de microscopia de força atômica, difração de raios-x, reetividade de raios-x e análise por feixe iônico. Resultados mostram que amostras produzidas à temperatura ambiente e à 450 oC são amorfas independentemente da energia do feixe iônico. Filmes formados com assistência de feixe possuem qualidade superior àqueles formados por deposição física de vapor. O bombardeamento de íons Ar+ mostra-se capaz de controlar a concentração de hidrogênio, a estequiometria, a rugosidade, o tamanho dos grãos e a densidade dos lmes nos. Amostras com excelente qualidade baixa rugosidade, estequiometria próxima da ideal e boa densidade foram produzidas utilizando íons com energia dentre 300 eV e 600 eV. / The scope of this work is the characterization of aluminum oxide thin films produced by Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition. This characterization consists in establishing the relationship between production parameters (ion beam energy and argon relative ux), structure and composition of these lms. In order to undertake this task, the following techniques were used: atomic force microscopy, x-ray diraction, x-ray reectivity and ion beam analysis. Results show that samples produced at room temperature and at 450 oC are amorphous regardless the ion beam energy. Films grown under ion assistance have better characteristics than the ones deposited by physical vapor deposition. The ion beam bombardment is capable of controlling hydrogen concentration, stoichiometry, roughness, grain size and density of alumina samples. High quality lms at surface and increased density lms with near ideal stoichiometry were produced with 300 eV and 600 eV ion beam energy.

La dérégulation des marchés électriques modifie en profondeur l'approche technico-économique dans l'exploitation et l'optimisation des réseaux électriques. C'est dans ce nouveau contexte que les spécialistes des réseaux électriques se voient confrontés à de nombreux défis. Ainsi, les grands réseaux électriques sont utilisés de plus en plus près de leur limite de stabilité. Cependant, faire fonctionner un réseau trop près de ses limites créer des oscillations de puissance entre les centrales de différentes régions des réseaux. Ces oscillations sont appelées oscillations <

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