Submitted by João Marcelo da Costa e Silva Lima (joao.lima@veirano.com.br) on 2017-03-27T20:16:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação JML - versão para depósito FINAL COMPLETA REVISTA .pdf: 1587733 bytes, checksum: cd1ff63a860d45ce9ead1ef79cd64bbb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Leiliane Silva (leiliane.silva@fgv.br) on 2017-03-28T18:43:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação JML - versão para depósito FINAL COMPLETA REVISTA .pdf: 1587733 bytes, checksum: cd1ff63a860d45ce9ead1ef79cd64bbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T20:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação JML - versão para depósito FINAL COMPLETA REVISTA .pdf: 1587733 bytes, checksum: cd1ff63a860d45ce9ead1ef79cd64bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the consequences of the recentralization process Brazil has been gradually experiencing on (i) the effectiveness of local regulation issued by large local governments (those to which the assumption of inability of generating wealth and managing local affairs may not apply); and, more broadly, (ii) on the capacity of large local governments to carry out local regulation. In the past, the following benefits have been attributed to decentralization: (i) it can raise the quality of local services and policies; (ii) it can promote economic development; and, particularly, (iii) it can strengthen democracy by allowing citizens to have more access to the local authorities in charge of many of the affairs that affect them daily. Of the three alleged benefits, the one that best survives scrutiny from the literature is the third one, which is why the recentralization process Brazil has been experiencing may be problematic to the extent that this benefit is compromised. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that the recentralization process compromises the strengthening of democracy at a local level, as it: (i) reduces the local autonomy necessary for local governments to carry out local regulation policies that respond to the preferences of the local population; and (ii) creates obstacles for the local population to know which federative body (the central government, states or local governments) is responsible for many of the local affairs that cities must handle. I argue that this compromises the effectiveness of local regulation aimed, explicitly or not, at fostering local economic development and, more broadly speaking, that this reduces the capacity of local governments to implement local regulation, for three main reasons: (i) it allows for unarticulated, excessive and state intervention in cities, implemented by federative entities that are not necessarily aligned, and which therefore may act in a conflicting manner; (ii) it encourages a 'blame-shifting' game between federative entities, as one can 'pass on' responsibility to the other, or share it; (iii) it makes it more difficult for local regulation to be the result of the local population’s preferences. This diagnosis of local governments’ weak institutional performance leads one to question whether it would be desirable for institutional reforms aimed at making the governments of large cities more responsive to the local population and being in a better position (as well as having more incentives) to implement local regulation polices that indeed have the possibility of fostering local economic development. / Este trabalho visa a investigar o impacto do processo de recentralização pelo qual o Brasil vem passando (i) na efetividade de medidas de regulação local adotadas por grandes municípios - aqueles para os quais não faz sentido aplicar a presunção de incapacidade de gerar riqueza e de gerir seus negócios locais adequadamente; e, de forma mais abrangente, (ii) na capacidade de grandes municípios exercerem regulação local. Atribuiu-se, no passado, à descentralização o potencial de (i) melhorar a qualidade dos serviços públicos e políticas locais; (ii) promover desenvolvimento econômico; e (iii) fortalecer a democracia ao possibilitar que cidadãos tenham mais acesso às autoridades locais responsáveis por tomar decisões sobre muitos dos assuntos que afetam o dia-a-dia da população local. Dos três supostos benefícios da descentralização, o que mais sobrevive ao escrutínio da literatura é o terceiro, razão pela qual o processo de recentralização no Brasil pode ser problemático na medida em que vier a justamente a comprometê-lo. A hipótese do trabalho é que o processo de recentralização compromete o aprofundamento da democracia em nível local, pois ele: (i) retira a autonomia local necessária para que governos locais exerçam medidas de regulação local que se adequem às preferências da população local; e (ii) dificulta que a população local saiba qual ente federativo é responsável por muitas das questões de interesse local com que as grandes cidades precisam lidar. Argumento que isso prejudica a efetividade de medidas de regulação local voltadas, declaradamente ou não, para a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico local e, de um modo geral, representa uma perda de capacidade de governos locais exercerem regulação local, por três principais razões: (i) abre margem para um padrão de intervenção estatal no ambiente urbano desarticulado e às vezes excessivo, capitaneado por entes federativos não necessariamente alinhados, e que podem adotar medidas tendentes ao conflito; (ii) cria condições para um jogo de 'deixa-que-eu deixo' entre entes federativos - um pode 'repassar' a responsabilidade para outro, ou compartilhá-la; (iii) dificulta que a regulação local seja o resultado das preferências dos eleitores locais. Esse diagnóstico do fraco desempenho institucional de municípios abre espaço para que se discutam reformas institucionais que levem governos de grandes cidades a serem mais responsivos à população local e a terem mais condições (e incentivos) para adotar medidas de regulação local que efetivamente incrementem o desenvolvimento econômico local.

It has been demonstrated that economic growth is a required condition but not enough to reduce poverty and inequality, which are obstacles to the full development of every society. As a result, different perspectives have emerged to challenge the current measurement of development, based on gross domestic product (GDP). Inclusive growth is a new approach that offers a combination of increased prosperity and greater equity. This article argues that the perspective of inclusive growth can draw on strategies implemented as local economic development (LED), and that communication for development is a significant alternative to move from discourse to implementation of endogenous processes. This analysis is based on the reality of countries rich in natural resources, particularly Peru, where economic growth and reduction of monetary poverty have been considerable, while the quality of life of its population has not necessarily improved in the same proportion. Communication for development plays a key role in the context of inclusive growth agenda in Peru, as it promotes the empowerment and coordination between public and private actors. / Se ha demostrado que el crecimiento económico es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para reducir la pobreza y la inequidad, que son obstáculos para el desarrollo integral de toda sociedad. A raíz de ello, han surgido diversas perspectivas que cuestionan la actual medición del desarrollo, basada en el producto bruto interno (PBI). El crecimiento inclusivo es un nuevo enfoque que ofrece una combinación entre el aumento de la prosperidad y una mayor equidad. Este artículo sostiene que la perspectiva de crecimiento inclusivo puede nutrirse de estrategias aplicadas como el desarrollo económico local (DEL), y que la comunicación para el desarrollo constituye una alternativa significativa para pasar del discurso a la implementación de procesos endógenos. El análisis se fundamenta en la realidad de países ricos en recursos naturales, particu-larmente el Perú, donde el crecimiento económico y la reducción de la pobreza monetaria han sido considerables, mientras la calidad de vida de su población no necesariamente ha mejorado en la misma proporción. La comunicación para el desarrollo juega un rol clave en el contexto de la agenda de crecimiento inclusivo en el Perú, en la medida que promueve el empoderamiento y la articulación entre actores públicos y privados.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The aim of this study was to identify the influence of investment in human capital and public and private fixed capital in the economic growth of cities in the state of Sergipe, in the period 2006-2011. To do so, based on endogenous growth perspective, was constructed variables for the analysis of the determinants of growth. Under the application of econometric methodology of panel data, the sample was divided into two, analyzing larger municipalities and under 25 thousand inhabitants. The results show that the greater sensitivity to investments in smaller municipalities, while for larger municipalities, stood out private investment, the investment of municipal power and the level of local education as determinants of economic growth. The model explanatory power presented itself similar to that found in the related literature, despite including innovative measures such as the standardization of data and the use of the Investment FIRJAN index (IFGF). / O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a influência dos investimentos em capital humano e capital físico público e privado no crescimento econômico dos municípios do estado de Sergipe, no período 2006-2011. Para isso, fundamentado na perspectiva endógena do crescimento, construiu-se variáveis para a análise dos fatores determinantes do crescimento. Sob a aplicação da metodologia econométrica de dados em painel, a amostra foi dividida em duas, analisando municípios maiores e menores de 25 mil habitantes. Os resultados demonstram que as uma sensibilidade maior aos investimentos realizados em municípios menores, enquanto, para municípios maiores, destacaram-se o investimento privado, o investimento do poder municipal e o nível de escolaridade local como determinantes do crescimento econômico. O poder de explicação do modelo apresentou-se semelhante ao encontrado na literatura correlata, apesar de incluir medidas inovadoras como a padronização dos dados e a utilização do índice Firjan de Investimento (IFGF).

There is a growing consensus globally about the significance of developing local and regional economies in order to create sustainable livelihood for local communities. The policy discourse in South Africa and elsewhere as well as the immense body of literature on local economic development bears testimony to this reality (Nel 1994,Tomlinson 1994, Rogerson 2003, World Bank 2002). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act (Act 36 of 2000) enshrine the role of municipalities in enhancing the economic growth and development, and harnessing the social wellbeing of the communities ‘through creation of employment opportunities and redistribution of resources’. Importantly, this legislative framework must be accompanied by, on the one hand proper structures and political will, and on the other hand provision of resources and institutional capacity for realization of the long term objectives of Local Economic Development (LED). In order to be successfully mainstreamed and implemented the LED must be embodied within the legally prescribed Integrated Development Plans. In addition, the LED strategy must be incorporated within the Provincial Growth and Development Strategies (PGDS). In this research an exploration of the Local Economic Development Programme on the Blue Crane Route Municipality with specific reference to Cookhouse was investigated. The primary aim of this study was to establish the views of the residents regarding their perceptions of the LED and its effects in terms of addressing current poverty related problems and their view on the proposed wind farm project, to investigate the proposed implementation process of LED project, specifically at Cookhouse. The second objective of this research was to present empirical data from both a questionnaire completed by 18 respondents and two interviews, that helps amplify and verify the impact of LED at BCRM. The question answered was whether the proposed wind farm will make an impact on the lives of the ordinary people at Cookhouse. The final objective of this research to identify the shortcomings in the LED development process in the BCRM and to make recommendations on feasible actions that could be employed to alleviate poverty. The findings of the research suggest that the proposed project should be evaluated taking the themes of social, environmental and economic aspects of sustainable development into account. Also the findings of the research have noted that community members are not aware of what opportunities this project will bring to the community of Cookhouse. It should be noted that when this project was identified, the community was never consulted and now it’s very difficult at this stage to reject the project since there employment opportunities. Therefore local authorities are constitutionally obliged create space for community participation, which warrants accessibility and availability of information to local communities to enable to participate effectively.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study focuses on a critical analysis of sustainability of Local Economic Development (LED) projects in Mutale Municipality in Limpopo Province of South Africa. It furthermore investigates the extent to which the projects sustain project members. Based on an extensive review of the literature, the study explains an understanding of the emerging trends and challenges in sustainability of LED projects nationally and internationally. A mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used. The data were collected by means of unstructured interviews and questionnaires from purposively sampled project members and local economic development officers who came from randomly selected projects. The study demonstrates that while there are some benefits derived by LED project members, to a large extent, the projects are not sustainable. LED is not prioritized in terms of resource allocation by the Municipality. In addition, inadequacies of members‘ capacity in leadership and management also retard sustainability. It is therefore recommended that the Municipality has to prioritise LED in terms of resource allocation and building capacity of beneficiaries in management and other business-related competencies.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The study focuses on implementation challenges of Local Economic Development (LED) programmes within Molemole Local Municipality in Limpopo Province. The specific focus areas of the study are Mogwadi and Matoks, where attention was given to Molemole Indigenous Food Processing Cooperative and Sekwena Arts and Craft Project. This study was undertaken as an attempt to investigate challenges pertaining to implementation of LED programmes within Molemole Local Municipality (MLM). Data was collected through questionnaires, documentary analysis of published municipal documents such as Annual Performance Plans, Annual Reports, IDP and LED Strategy of MLM covering the period of 2009/2010 to 2013/2014. Site visits to selected LED projects sites were also undertaken. The overall findings in this study indicate that there is generally a poor understanding of the LED concept in MLM. These findings further point out that there are a number of challenges hindering effective implementation of LED programmes that include inter alia lack of local government collaboration with the private sector and community sectors, lack of appropriate structures for the full implementation and success of LED initiatives, inadequate funding for LED programmes and capacity constraints emanating from a constrained education and ultimately skills void. In view of these findings, some of the recommendations include addressing skewed skills levels of LED staff across the municipality to achieve LED policy objectives, collaboration of Molemole Local Municipality with the private sector and community sectors in order for them to play a meaningful role in LED initiatives, a need for financial support to facilitate LED implementation within the municipality, and remedial action in respect of awareness, and publicity initiatives being stepped up to address the problem of general poor understanding of the LED concept in MLM.

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of Local Economic Development (LED) in South African municipalities. LED is meant to address socio-economic injustices inherited from the apartheid regime and provide economic emancipation for all in South Africa. It has been two decades since the inception of LED in South Africa; however, the objectives of LED are seemingly declining. The country is currently experiencing weak economic growth with high unemployment and poverty rates in its communities. The study investigated the nature and role of LED unit as well as strategies in place for implementing LED in local economies. It also investigated the challenges that LED official encounters in the implementation process of LED. The opportunities of the local economy have been identified in order to provide a platform for local economic policy reforms that can be used to recover economic bottlenecks. The study is empirical and used Polokwane Local Municipality as its study area. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were employed in the study in which interviews and questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The target population of the study included LED officials in Polokwane Local Municipality and individuals who benefit from LED strategies. The population was sampled randomly and purposefully based on the participants' contextual experience on the objectives of the study. The study found that LED unit in Polokwane Local Municipality is not effective in its implementation of LED. There are LED initiatives in place; however, such initiatives are not entirely effective. The study argues that the role and strategies of LED unit are sound on the paper; however, it lacks maximum impact. The study therefore, provided a number of recommendation that could enhance the effectiveness of LED. The following are some of the recommendation: the LED unit should establish LED awareness that will educate and inform community members of LED; the LED unit needs to have adequate measures to regulate informal trading that is inclusive of foreign traders; LED unit formulates LED policies and strategies in line with opportunities of LED in the municipality; sufficient skills development programmes in the LED unit; the LED unit must provide adequate infrastructure that is suitable for economic growth and should undertake available economic opportunities in each community.

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism is mandated to focus on growing the provincial economy, empowering women and youth, on supporting small businesses and co-operatives and improving the lives of the people of the province for the better as indicated in the Limpopo Economic Development, Environment and Tourism Province Budget Vote (2015/16). Economic growth and social wellbeing are closely tied to the ability to protect the natural environment. Mining, electricity generation and agriculture are among the economic activities that have a direct impact on the environment and need to be carried out in a sustainable and responsible manner. Towards this vision, the assets which are furniture, transport, computer hardware and other machinery and equipment need to be managed efficiently and effectively in order to fulfil the needs of society and the departments. These assets represent an enormous value for the owner which is LEDET and for society at large. To grasp the full potential of these assets, a deep and thorough understanding of an asset’s complete lifetime is needed. However, the assets especially physical assets, public buildings and infrastructures are not managed properly and that results in numerous challenges and audit queries that are raised by the Auditor General. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges that are facing the asset management unit of Limpopo Department of Economic Development & Tourism (LEDET). Asset Management has been hailed as important in order to enable government to deliver proper services to the citizens of the country. This has encouraged the researcher to undertake the study in order to add more knowledge on the asset management process of the government, looking at the challenges and possible solutions. The need for this study was considered relevant and necessary as government departments and other private sectors face numerous challenges in implementing the asset management. Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, as a case study, faces challenges in fulfilling some of its mandate due to lack of support from asset management activities. In terms of its strategic plan, the department seeks to address issues relating to economic growth, the promotion and development of tourism and using environmental management to guide and monitor sustainable development in the province. These challenges have negative implications on the delivery of services to the communities it serves. In this study, the researcher investigated the following: demographic profile of respondents, challenges facing asset management, the impact of asset management on service delivery and lastly the best practice on the implementation of asset management. Data were analysed into themes and revealed communication, training, interpretation of relevant prescripts, limited resources, proper allocation of resources and effective participation of relevant stakeholders as, amongst others, challenges to the process. The study concluded by providing recommendations to management of the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism on how to improve the asset management activities to achieve the strategic goals of the department. The recommendations proposed are improved communications with stakeholders, development of asset plan, skills capacity of asset management officials and sourcing the asset information system that integrates with the financial system to provide a reliable asset register. / LEDET (Limpopo Department of Economic Development & Tourism)

Thesis ((MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The positive role and fundamental contribution of SMMEs on a global and national level is key to economic growth. Various perspectives and opinions exist in terms of the role, extent and nature of the contribution made by SMMEs in the local economy. The main aim of this study was to investigate ways in which the informal motor vehicle mechanic businesses operating in Tzaneen CBD can be assisted to become formalised businesses for long-term sustainability and contribution to the local economy. The research was qualitative in nature. Group interviews were conducted with motor mechanics operating opposite Tzaneen bus rank in the town of Tzaneen, Limpopo Province as well as with their representatives (i.e. their executive committee). The purpose of the interviews was to find out what they thought about possibilities of being formalised and what their needs are. In addition, questionnaires were designed and handed out to officials from GTM LED, SEDA and GTEDA. The purpose of the questionnaires was to explore what these institutions have done previously and what they were willing to offer to help formalise the informal motor mechanic operations. The research results show that the motor mechanics understand what formalising their enterprises entails and they are willing to cooperate with the government organisations to convert them into sustainable enterprises. The representatives from government agencies showed willingness to support these motor mechanics, they are also willing to prioritise and develop necessary support programmes. The study recommends that the motor mechanics be helped with infrastructure; registering their businesses; mentoring and coaching be offered to them; marketing their business; and training and development occurring on a continuous basis.