Background Exploring the literature of ambidexterity, innovation, decision making as well as exploration and exploitation. Aim The purpose is to explore how sequential and contextual ambidexterity influences decision making within an organization. Methodology The study entails a qualitative single case study in the aeronautics and defense industry, where ten semi-structured interviews have been conducted. The findings are mainly based on the insights collected from the interviews. Findings Through the case it is found that ambidexterity influences decision making and decision making influences ambidexterity. By analyzing the different forms of ambidexterity, it is found that sequential ambidexterity has an impact on decision making. Decision making in turn then influences contextual ambidexterity. Concepts A conceptual framework has been created to explain the identified relationship between ambidexterity and decision making.

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Den textila industrin är en av världens största industrier, en resurskrävande industri med komplicerade och förorenande processer. Processer som innefattar flera olika steg, från råmaterial till färdig produkt. Detta gäller för alla textila produkter vare sig det handlar om klädesplagg inom fast fashion, eller teknisk textila produkter. Varje steg i processen har en inverkan på miljön och kan även ske på olika geografiska platser runt om i världen. Fast fashion-industrin karaktäriseras av korta produktlivslängder, hög instabilitet och låga priser, vilket direkt kopplas till negativ miljöpåverkan. Enligt konsumenter är kvaliteten på klädesplagg idag bristfällig och det är en stor anledning till varför många använder sina plagg endast ett fåtal gånger. Denna studie undersöker om och hur man kan identifiera livslängden på fyra olika grövre trikåkvaliteter, samt undersöka om förbättringsförslag kan ges för att öka livslängden på dessa. Undersökningen har innefattat kvantitativa metoder genom en enkätstudie där 100 personer deltagit, samt standardiserade testmetoder. I enkätundersökningen fick respondenterna redogöra kvalitetsbrister och användarbeteende. Detta har fungerat som riktlinjer till en metodplan för att simulera användning. Enkätens resultat visade att störst kvalitetsbrister och anledning till att plagg slutar användas främst berodde på grund av noppbildning, slitage genom nötning och dimensionsförändringar. Därmed har metodval för standardiserade tester valts inom dessa parametrar. Detta med 15 tvättcykler mellan testningarna för att simulera två års användning. Mätningar har även jämförts mot kvaliteternas kravspecifikation. Testernas resultat visade att samtliga kvaliteter har en bra beständighet mot nötning, i förhållande till dess kravspecifikation. Samma gällde för resultaten inom dimensionsstabilitet, dock med mycket varierande dimensionsförändringar på olika områden. Vid test av benägenhet till att bilda noppor, klarade endast hälften av kvaliteterna kravspecifikationens villkor. Dessa resultat gäller både innan och efter 15 tvättcykler. Förbättringsförslag för en förhöjd kvalitetsstandard, därmed förlängd livslängd, var svårt bestämma utifrån den information till kvaliteterna som fanns att tillgå. Resultat visade att fibertyp, fibertjocklek, spinnmetod, garnkonstruktion, bindning, masklängd samt delning på stickmaskin är alla parametrar som avgör slutproduktens kvalitet. Olika tekniker för samtliga parametrar medför olika egenskaper som bestämmer slutkvaliteten. I brist på information om värden för nämnda parametrar var förbättringsförslag ej möjliga att bestämma. / The textile industry is one of the world's largest industries, a resource-intensive industry with complicated and polluting processes. Processes that include several different steps, from raw material to final product. Which applies for all textile products, whether it is clothing in fast fashion or other textile products. Each step in the process has an impact on the environment and many of them take place indifferent geographical locations around the world. The fast-fashion industry is characterized by short product lifetimes, high instability, and lower prices, which directly links to negative environmental impacts. According to consumers, the quality of today's clothing has a major deficiency and is a major reason why many people only use their garments a few times before discarding them. This study examines how to identify the lifespan of four different coarser knitted sweaters, but also investigate if it is possible to provide improvement suggestions on how to increase the longevity. The project includes quantitative methods through a survey which has been done by 100 people, and standardized tests. Within the survey the respondents were asked to report quality deficiencies and care behavior. Which has served as guidelines for choice of methods to simulate use of clothing. The results of the survey showed that greatest quality deficiencies and reasons why garments stop being used were mainly due to pilling formation, wear due to abrasion and dimensional changes. Thus, choices of methods for standardized tests were chosen to test within these parameters. This with 15 wash cycles between tests to simulate two years of use. Results have also been compared to the garment requirement specifications. The test results showed that all garment samples had good resistance to abrasion, in relation to the requirement specifications. The same applies to the results within the dimensional stability, however, dimensional changes vary a lot in different areas. The results apply both before and after 15 wash cycles. Suggestions for improvement for an increased quality standard, for increased longevity, were difficult to determine based on the limited information provided regarding the garments. Results showed that fiber type, fiber thickness, spinning method, yarn construction, knit structure, loop size and gauge of the knitting machine are all parameters that influence the quality of the final product. Different techniques for all parameters result in different properties that determine the final quality and the longevity for the product. The lack of specific information needed for the parameters mentioned, suggestions for improvement were not possible to determine.

Die chirurgische Labmagenreposition ist ökonomisch sinnvoll. Bei älteren Kühen (>5 Jahre) mit hoher Milchleistung und gleichzeitig schweren Begleiterkrankungen (Risikopatienten) ist eine kritische Prognose der Nutzungsdauer angezeigt. Bei Kühen mit einer Nutzungsdauer <1 Monat sind die Laborparameter Protein, Albumin, Beta-Hydroxybutyrat und Cholesterol für die Prognose der Nutzungsdauer nutzbar.

The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) protects against redox stress by providing reducing equivalents to antioxidants such as glutathione and thioredoxin. NADPH levels decline with aging in several tissues, but whether this is a major driving force for the aging process has not been well established. Global or neural overexpression of several cytoplasmic enzymes that synthesize NADPH have been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms such as Drosophila suggesting a positive relationship between cytoplasmic NADPH levels and longevity. Mitochondrial NADPH plays an important role in the protection against redox stress and cell death and mitochondrial NADPH-utilizing thioredoxin reductase 2 levels correlate with species longevity in cells from rodents and primates. Mitochondrial NADPH shuttles allow for some NADPH flux between the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Since a decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is linked with aging and because NADP + is exclusively synthesized from NAD + by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD + kinases, a decline in the cytoplasmic or mitochondrial NADPH pool may also contribute to the aging process. Therefore pro-longevity therapies should aim to maintain the levels of both NAD + and NADPH in aging tissues.

Aging can be defined as the accumulation of changes affecting the maintenance of homeostatic processes over time, leading to functional decline and increased risk for disease and death. In its simplicity, aging is the systemwide deterioration of an organism. Genetic studies have identified many potential molecular mechanisms of aging including DNA damage, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, uncontrolled inflammation, and hormone dysregulation (reviewed in [1]). However, in reality, aging is likely to be a combination of some (or potentially all) of these mechanisms. Interestingly, aging and metabolism are tightly coordinated. Aging is a major contributor to metabolic decline and related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. One of the best characterized metabolic pathways implicated in aging is the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Downstream signaling components of the IIS pathway receptor have been well studied and include an interconnected network of signaling events that regulate many physiological outputs. However, less is known about the role of upstream signaling components and how intracellular pathways and physiology are regulated accordingly. In Part I, I present my work towards understanding upstream IIS pathway components using a systems biology approach. The goal of this study is to gain insight into the redundancy and specificity of the insulin gene family responsible for initiating IIS pathway activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. The information gained will serve as a foundation for future studies dissecting the molecular mechanisms of this pathway in efforts to uncouple the downstream signaling and physiological outputs. The clear impact of metabolism on aging and disease stimulated questions regarding the potential of promoting health and longevity through diet and dietary mimetics. Recent findings indicate reduced food intake, meal timing and nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome can ameliorate signs of aging and age-associated diseases. Aging, therefore, is also the result of dynamic and complex interplay between genes of an organism and its environment. In Part II, I will discuss my efforts to gain insight into how diet influences aging. This preliminary study has demonstrated that diet can affect lifespan in the model organism, C. elegans. Additionally, we observe diet-specific effects on drug efficacy that, in turn, modulates C. elegans lifespan and reproduction. The implications of these experiments, while limited, illustrate a potentially greater role in diet- and drug-mediated effects on lifespan.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objectives: Repair of crown margins may extend the functional life of existing crowns. However, the longevity of such treatment is unknown. This study determined the survival time of crown margin repairs (CMR) with glass-ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. Methods: We queried axiUm (Exan Group, Coquitlam, BC, Canada) database for permanent teeth that underwent CMR in the Graduate Operative Dentistry Clinic, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Ind., USA, from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2018. Since there is no CDT code for the CMR procedure, CDT codes for resin-composite and GI restorations (D23XX) were queried; these patients also had treatment notes that indicated CMR. The final data set included patient ID, birth date, gender, dates of treatments, CDT codes, tooth type, tooth surface and existing findings. Two examiners developed guidelines for record review and manually reviewed the clinical notes of patient records to confirm CMR. Only records that were confirmed with the presence of CMR were retained in the final dataset for survival analysis. Survival time was calculated by Kaplan-Meier statistics and a Cox Proportional Hazards model was performed to assess the influence of selected variables (p < 0.05). Results: 214 teeth (115 patients) with CMR were evaluated. Patient average age was 69.4  11.7 years old. Posterior teeth accounted for 78.5 percent (n = 168) of teeth treated. CMRs using GI had a projected 5-year survival rate of 62.9 percent (K-M Analysis) and an 8.9 percent annual failure rate. Cox Proportional Hazards Regression analysis revealed that none of the factors examined (age, gender, tooth type) affected time to failure. Conclusion: CMRs may extend the longevity of crowns with defective margins. Larger EHR studies or case control studies are needed to investigate other variables, such as the caries risk status or the severity of defects that may affect the survival rate of CMRs.

Uppsatsen utgår från den aktuella trenden tidlöst mode som utspelar sig på sociala medier, framförallt på Tiktok och Youtube. Modeindustrin har på grund av sociala medier förändrats avsevärt och har möjliggjort en ökad hastighet för förändringar och spridning av mode. Att det tidlösa modet vuxit i popularitet och blivit en form av "trend" på sociala medier skapar en paradox. Detta eftersom tidlöst mode anses vara oberoende av tid och trender till skillnad från mode som definieras som något föränderligt och tidsenligt. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka fenomenet tidlöst mode på sociala medier. Detta för att få en förståelse av sociala medier-användares uppfattning om tidlöst mode på sociala medier, samt huruvida tidlöst mode är en tidsspecifik modetrend eller om det är en indikation på ett paradigmskifte som förkastar modets förändringar. Ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt användes för att genomföra denna studie i form av en nätnografisk metod. Vidare användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av rörliga bilder samt kommentarer som relaterar till tidlöst mode, insamlade från sociala medierapplikationerna, Tiktok och Youtube. Analysen är baserad på litteratur och teori om mode, trender, sociala medier, tidlöst mode, hållbarhet genom långvarighet samt konsumtion. Resultatet visar på att det tidlösa modet för med sig delade åsikter hos användarna. Tidlöst mode kan delvis anses vara en statusmarkör för exklusivitet, en personlig stil som ämnar att bäras för evigt, men också som ett koncept som uppmuntrar till konsumtion på grund av exponeringen på sociala medier. Slutsatsen är att många har en negativ attityd till dagens snabba och föränderliga modebransch och den tidlösa trenden reflekterar det. Till exempel genom att det blir allt viktigare att inte följa trender och att istället vara säker på sin egen stil för att på så sätt uppnå genuinitet. Däremot är det svårt att vara helt opåverkad av den ständiga förändringen av preferenser som sociala medier medför. Många kan ha en känsla av att man har hittat “rätt” med sin klädsel men samhället kommer att fortsätta att förändras vilket är varför många anser att ingenting kan vara tidlöst. Studien ämnar att bidra med utökad forskning om fenomenet tidlöst mode samt ökad kunskap om trender på sociala medier och hur användarna uppfattar och tolkar mode på olika sätt. Studien förväntas därmed vara användbar både för modevetenskap och för företag. / This study is based on the current trend of timeless fashion that takes place on social media, especially on Tiktok and Youtube. The fashion industry has changed significantly due to social media and has enabled an increased speed of change and diffusion of fashion. That timeless fashion has grown in popularity and has become a form of "trend" on social media creates a paradox. This is because timeless fashion is considered to be independent of time and trends, unlike fashion which is defined as something changeable and up-to-date. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate the phenomenon of timeless fashion on social media. This is to gain an understanding of social media users' perception of timeless fashion on social media, as well as whether timeless fashion is a time-specific fashion trend or whether it is an indication of a paradigm shift that rejects fashion's changes. A qualitative approach was used to conduct this study in the form of a netnographic method. Furthermore, this study uses a qualitative content analysis of moving images and comments relating to timeless fashion. The material was collected from the social media applications, Tiktok and Youtube. The analysis is based on literature and theory about fashion, trends, social media, timeless fashion, sustainability through longevity and consumption. The result shows that the timeless fashion brings divided opinions among users. Timeless fashion can be considered partly as a status marker of exclusivity, a personal style meant to be worn forever, but also as a concept that encourages consumption due to exposure on social media. The conclusion is that many people have a negative attitude towards today's fast changing fashion industry and the timeless trend reflects that. For example, by the fact that it is becoming increasingly important not to follow trends and instead to be sure of one's own style in order to achieve authenticity. However, it is difficult to be completely unaffected by the constant change in preferences that social media brings. Many may have the feeling that they have found the "right" style with their clothing, but society will continue to change, which is why many users believe that nothing can be timeless. The study intends to contribute with extended research on the phenomenon of timeless fashion as well as increased knowledge of trends on social media and how users perceive and interpret fashion in different ways. The study is thus expected to be useful both for fashion science and for companies.

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Aging is a multifaceted process of accumulation of damage and waste in cells and tissues; age-related changes in mitochondria and in respiratory metabolism have the focus of aging research for decades. Studies of aging in nematodes, flies and mammals all revealed age-related decline in respiratory functions, with somewhat controversial causative role. Here we investigated age-related changes in respiration rates, lactate/pyruvate ratio, a commonly used proxy for NADH/NAD+ balance, and mitochondrial membrane potential in 4 genotypes of an emerging model organism for aging research, a cyclic parthenogen Daphnia magna. We show that total body weight-adjusted respiration rate decreased with age, although this decrease was small in magnitude and could be fully accounted for by the decrease in locomotion and feeding activity. Neither total respiration normalized by protein content, nor basal respiration rate measured in anaesthetized animals decreased with age. Lactate/pyruvate ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψ) showed no age-related changes, with possible exceptions of ∆Ψ in epipodites (excretory and gas exchange organs) in which ∆Ψ decreased with age and in the optical lobe of the brain, in which ∆Ψ showed a maximum at middle age. We conclude that actuarial senescence in Daphnia is not caused by a decline in respiratory metabolism and discuss possible mechanisms of maintaining mitochondrial healthspan throughout the lifespan.